EFFECT OF OXYGEN CONTENT ON NITROGEN ABSORPTIVE MECHANISM IN WELD FOR FLUX-CORED WIRE

By measuring the content of oxygen and nitrogen in welds of six kinds of self-shielded flux-cored wires,the effect of oxygen on nitrogen content in weld is studied and the different absorptive mechanisms of nitrogen at a low oxygen level([O] lower than 0.02%) and a high oxygen level ([O] higher than 0.03%) have been discovered.The results indicate that the content of nitrogen in weld can be made lowest by modifying the composition of flux and controlling the content of oxygen to the range of 0.02%～0.03%.

Effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding

The effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio （D/W） of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding with a certain type of homemade .flux-cored wire are studied. It is found that the welding .speed, wire feeding speed and torch oscillating amplitude hare significant effects on the dopth-to-width ratio （D/W） of welds. The D/W ratio of welds increases significantly with the increase of welding speed without the oscillating of welding torch. It increased （from 0. 14 to 0. 26 ） with the increase of wire feeding speed while the torch oscillating. And it decreased linearly with the increase of torch oscillating amplitude. However, the influelwe of oscillating speed, wire extension and welding voltage on the D/W ratio of welds was not obvious.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of a martensitic steel welded with flux-cored wires

This study was focused on wear-resistant material prepared by CO2 GMAW method to basically determine the alloys and hardfacing technology which could be employed into mining equipment. Three flux-cored wires with different chemical compositions, marked by DM-I, DM-II and DM-III were used in welding a martensitic steel for the comparison of the microstructures and mechanical properties of the welding metals and HAZ. The results show that DM-I weld metal contains martensite plus other reinforced phases, while both DM-II and DM-III alloys lead to mainly martensitic microstructures with little precipitates. Among all of the tested materials the DM-I alloy has the highest hardness and wear resistance but the lowest impact toughness among the experimental weld metals. Meanwhile, the hardness, impact toughness and wear resistance of the DM-II and DM-III alloys are close to those of the base metal but the DM-III is not as strong as DM-II. Dimples can be found on the impact fracture of the weld metals, but the steel fracture consists of both cleavage and dimples. Thus HAZ has less risk for cracking than the welds, and the DM-II wire which produces the weld having identical mechanical properties to the base metal is suitable for further application.

Research on the abrasive wear resistance of YDCrMoV coating produced by CO_2 shielded flux-cored wire surfacing

Caterpillar construction machines play an important part in many fields such as hydraulic and electric engineering, the construction of highway, for its particular of structure. The walking system of caterpillar construction machines is always under the condition of three-body abrasive wear. The abrasive wear of walking system is very severe, which always results in damages of components or structures of walking system of caterpillar construction machines. It is very important to repair the walking system by cladding technique. The abrasive wear properties of four kinds coatings produced by the shielded flux-cored wire surfacing for the repair of the damaged components of walking system of caterpillar construction machines have been studied experimentally on an MLS-23 type wet sand rubber wheel abrasive tester. The surfaces morphologies of the abrasively worn specimens and their microstructures are investigated by transmitting electron microscopy (TEM) after wear testing. Results show that the wear mechanism of cladding metals of the flux-cored wire No.1 and the No.2 is micro-cutting while that of the No.3 and the No.4 is micro-ploughing. The four kinds of flux-cored wire coatings present great potential applications for the repairing of caterpillar construction machines in the Three Gorges Engineering.

Deformation Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Ti/Al Bimetallic Composite Materials Fabricated by Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacturing

We focused on Ti/Al composite materials fabricated by wire and arc addictive manufacturing,and the microstructure and interface characteristics of them before and after hot compression deformation were compared.After compression deformation,allαstructures of titanium were compacted with the emergence of Widmanstatten structures.Coarsened coloniesαof titanium were elongated and waved along the original growth direction,resulting in anisotropy of grains.Pores and Ti/Al intermetallic compounds of aluminum are significantly decreased after hot compression.Meanwhile,a good bonding interface between titanium and aluminum is obtained after hot compression,and the element diffusion is more intense.In addition,the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of Ti/Al composite material with different clad ratio that is defined as the ratio of the thickness of titanium to that of the Ti/Al composite material are investigated by uniaxial tensile test.The experimental results show that the ultimate tensile strength of Ti/Al composite material is between that of single deposited titanium and aluminum,while the elongation of Ti/Al composite material with low clad ratio is lower than that of single aluminum due to the metallurgical reaction.As the clad ratio increases,the two component layers are harder to separate during deformation,which is resulted from the decrease of the inward contraction stress of three-dimensional stress caused by necking of aluminum.This work may promote the engineering application of Ti/Al bimetallic structures.

钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量影响因素综述

综述了涉及钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量的影响因素。结果表明,合理选用药芯添加物,严格控制熔敷金属中主要强化元素C、Mn、Si的含量,可以改善焊丝熔滴过渡形态,获得焊丝熔敷金属满意的力学性能。在Ar+CO_(2)二元混合保护气体中,随着CO_(2)含量增大,熔滴过渡形态从轴向变为非轴向滴状排斥过渡,接头的抗拉强度几乎没有影响,但熔敷金属的冲击吸收能明显下降。热输入较大时,焊丝工艺性变差;热输入居中时,焊丝工艺性较好。热输入对焊丝熔敷金属韧性的影响出现了对热输入敏感和不敏感两种情况。钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量的三个影响因素控制原理各具特色。

Effect of Ti-Si-Mg-Al wire on microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma arc in-situ welded joint of SiC_p/Al composites

The influence of Ti-Si-Mg-AI wire on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/A1 metal matrix composite joints produced by plasma arc in-situ weld-alloying was investigated. Argon-nitrogen mixture was used as plasma gas and Ti-Si-Mg-A1 flux-cored wires as filled composites. Weldments were submitted to tensile test. Meanwhile, the macro morphology and microstructure of the joints were examined. The result shows that the formation ofneedie-like harmful phase A14C3 is effectively inhibited and the wettability of molten pool is improved by adding Ti-Si-Mg-A1 flux-cored wires. With 15Ti-5Si-5Mg-A1 flux-cored wire as filled composite, the maximum tensile strength of the welded joint is 267 MPa, which is up to 83% that of the matrix composites under annealed condition.

Effect of combinative addition of Ti and Sr on modification of AA4043 welding wire and mechanical properties of AA6082 welded by TIG welding

To improve the mechanical properties of AA6082 weld welded by tungsten inert gas welding using AA4043 welding wire, the effect of addition of Ti and/or Sr on continuous cast and rolled AA4043 welding wire was investigated. Experimental results indicated that Ti and Sr are excellent modifiers, which improve the microstructure of the AA4043 welding wire and enhance the mechanical properties of the AA6082 weld. It was found that the combinative addition of Ti and Sr can effectively modify both the α（Al） dendrites and eutectic Si phases compared with individual addition of Ti or Sr. In addition, Ti and/or Sr also changed the microstructure of the AA6082 weld. The tensile strength of the AA6082 weld reached the maximum value when 0.08% Ti and 0.025% Sr were added simultaneously. These results indicate that the combinative addition of Ti and Sr can be an effective composite modifier.

力学性能可调的高氧钛原位电弧增材制造

通过电弧增材制造原位制备高氧钛,并对高氧钛的成分偏析、显微组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,高氧钛试样的显微组织主要呈现为针状α相集束。随着氧含量的增加,试样针状α相逐渐变宽,集束尺寸变大。受氧的强化作用以及晶粒尺寸效应共同影响,试样的强度先提高后下降,伸长率显著下降,断裂形式由塑性断裂向解理断裂过渡。当氧含量达到0.37%(质量分数)时,伸长率约为7%,试样抗拉强度超过730 MPa,约为商业纯钛的2倍。

电弧增材制造TC4微观组织调控及力学性能研究

目的 研究固溶时效处理对电弧增材制造TC4钛合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。方法 设置了1组时效处理(AT,600℃/2 h/空冷)和2组固溶+时效处理(SA1,800℃/1 h/炉冷+600℃/2 h/空冷;SA2,870℃/1 h/炉冷+600℃/2 h/空冷)策略,对电弧增材制造TC4钛合金进行了热处理试验。通过扫描电镜(SEM)进行微观组织形貌和断口形貌观察,通过拉伸试验机进行室温力学性能测试。结果 沉积态试样的微观组织均匀性较差,主要由马氏体α’相、网篮组织、不连续的晶界α相(α Grain Boundary,αGB)和集束组织构成。AT并未完全消除马氏体α’相,但提高了其延展性。经固溶+时效处理后,马氏体α’相消失,晶粒内部主要由网篮组织和αGB组成。平均抗拉强度由沉积态的999.67 MPa降低到SA2的936.46 MPa,而平均延伸率从6.23%提高到12.48%,且SA2样品显示出更低的力学性能各向异性。其中沉积态试样抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的各向异性值(IPA)分别为4.82、0.96和28.7。SA2试样抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的IPA分别为0.3、0.42和5.56。结论 固溶时效处理有助于提高电弧增材制造TC4钛合金微观组织均匀性,并显著降低力学性能的各向异性。

电火花线切割TC4钛合金棱角质量控制方法研究

为提高电火花线切割加工TC4钛合金时的棱角加工质量,结合电火花线切割加工特点及正交试验,采用脉宽、通道、跟踪以及丝速的四因素组合下测出加工工件不同角度的棱角质量缺损情况,研究不同切割角度下工件缺损的主要影响参数,得出各个角度最小缺损情况下的切割最佳参数。研究表明:在脉宽为9μs,跟踪值为4,通道为5个,运丝速度为50m/min时的TC4钛合金棱角缺损面积最小为0.032mm 2;在脉宽为32μs,跟踪值为2,通道为7,运丝速度为50m/min时,材料切割速度最快为9.7mm 2/min。

钛板内固定与克氏针闭合复位外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的效果比较

目的:研究钛板内固定与克氏针闭合复位外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的效果,为桡骨远端骨折的治疗提供依据。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年1月在沂南县人民医院诊断的80例桡骨远端骨折患者。根据治疗方式不同分为A组(克氏针闭合复位外固定治疗)、B组(钛板内固定治疗),各40例。比较两组手术时间、住院天数、骨折愈合时间、术后12个月腕关节功能及骨折复位质量。结果:A组手术时间、住院天数、骨折愈合时间明显短于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组腕关节功能优良率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组的掌倾角、尺偏角明显大于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组桡骨高度对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:克氏针闭合复位外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折,可缩短手术时间、住院天数、愈合时间,且骨折复位质量更高。

高钛焊丝钢ER70S-G冶炼工艺优化实践

高钛焊丝钢ER70S-G研发时经常出现水口结瘤、结晶器“结鱼”、铸坯夹渣等问题,尤其是铸坯夹渣导致轧制后盘条表面出现连续性锯齿状结疤缺陷,严重影响盘条表面质量。引起水口结瘤、结晶器“结鱼”的主要原因是存在TiO_(x)、TiN等高熔点非金属夹杂物。通过控制钢水中氧氮含量、使用纯净合金、降低渣中SiO_(2)活度、调整钛合金化时机及温度等手段,解决了水口结瘤、结晶器“结鱼”、铸坯夹渣等问题,将高钛焊丝钢ER70S-G连浇炉数提高至10炉,盘条成材率提高至97%,优化效果显著。

基于钛合金丝材的增材制造技术研究进展

金属增材制造技术自诞生以来,经快速发展,已在诸多领域得到了广泛的应用,被列入决定未来经济的十二大颠覆性技术之一。基于丝材的金属增材制造技术由于其沉积效率高、制造成本低、制造周期短和材料利用率高,近年来成为国内外研究和应用的热点。本文以钛合金丝材为原材料,针对广泛采用的电弧/等离子弧熔丝、电子束熔丝和激光熔丝增材制造技术,分别从成形工艺参数优化、宏微观组织结构分析、后热处理组织性能调控及专用原材料开发等方面所取得的最新研究成果进行了详细论述。在此基础之上,介绍了基于钛合金丝材的增材制造在工程化应用及相关标准规范的制定情况。最后,指出钛合金丝材增材制造技术在组织和性能等方面存在的固有不足,提出了采用锻造+增材复合成形复合后处理和专用丝材研制等方法,并建立有别于传统锻造和铸造的新标准体系,有助于推广其在各领域的大规模应用。

钢丝环扎结合带孔钛针钛缆张力带治疗髌骨骨折

目的 探讨钢丝环扎结合带孔钛针钛缆张力带治疗髌骨骨折的疗效。方法 采用钢丝环扎结合带孔钛针钛缆张力带治疗27例髌骨骨折患者。记录骨折愈合及并发症发生情况,采用Bostman评分标准评价疗效。结果 患者均获得随访,时间12~15个月。切口均一期愈合,无切口感染、钢丝断裂、钛针松动移位、创伤性关节炎等情况发生。骨折均愈合,时间3~4个月。术后6个月按照Bostman评分标准评价疗效:优20例,良6例,差1例,优良率26/27。结论 钢丝环扎结合带孔钛针钛缆张力带治疗髌骨骨折并发症少,患者可早期功能锻炼,膝关节功能恢复好,疗效确切。

含钛焊丝钢水口结瘤原因分析及改进

针对含钛焊丝钢SJ-60连铸过程中水口结瘤问题,通过XRF、XRD和SEM等手段,分析水口结瘤物的元素含量、物相组成及界面反应。结果发现,水口内壁因脱碳反应而变得粗糙多孔,导致高熔点物相易于侵入;此外,精炼过程喂钙处理和耐材侵蚀,会使钢液生成大量CaTiO_(3)和MgAl_(2)O_(4),二者在水口内壁沉积是导致水口结瘤的主要原因。实践表明,采用低钛低铝硅铁替代普通硅铁,将钢中w[Al]由0.0080%~0.0095%降低至0.0050%~0.0065%,有利于减少钢中Al_(2)O_(3)夹杂物含量;取消精炼钙处理,将钢中w[Ca]由>0.0014%降低至<0.0005%,有利于减少钢中CaTiO_(3)夹杂物含量;将萤石用量由0.8~1.0kg/t降低至0.3~0.5kg/t,减轻耐材侵蚀,渣中w(MgO)由>10%降低至<5%,有利于减少钢中MgAl_(2)O_(4)夹杂物含量。通过以上措施,有效解决了CaTiO_(3)和MgAl_(2)O_(4)引起的水口结瘤问题,连浇炉数由4~5炉提高至12炉以上。

两种方法治疗髌骨骨折的疗效比较

目的比较经皮微创钛缆与经皮微创克氏针张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的疗效。方法将98例髌骨骨折患者根据手术方式不同分为A组(采用经皮微创钛缆内固定治疗,49例)与B组(采用经皮微创克氏针张力带内固定治疗,49例)。记录两组手术情况、骨折复位及愈合情况、膝关节屈曲活动度、术后并发症发生情况,采用Bostman评分标准评定膝关节功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~24(15.9±3.8)个月。手术时间、术后3 d疼痛VAS评分、住院时间两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。住院费用A组高于B组(P<0.01)。术后X线片显示骨折复位良好。骨折均愈合,时间11~16周。术后3个月Bostman评分优良率、末次随访时膝关节屈曲活动度两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后并发症发生率B组高于A组(P<0.05)。结论经皮微创钛缆内固定与经皮微创克氏针张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折均可获得满意疗效,经皮微创钛缆内固定术后并发症更少,但也增加了患者的住院费用。

层间强制冷却对电弧熔丝增材制造钛合金温度场和流场的影响

电弧熔丝增材制造(wire arc additive manufacturing,WAAM)工艺具有设备成本低、制造效率高等优势,广泛应用于航空航天、舰船、武器装备等制造领域,但沉积过程中的热积累容易导致结构成形效率、成形精度及成形质量下降。而层间强制冷却可以有效控制材料的沉积形貌和性能。采用数值模拟方法研究了不同冷却条件下电弧熔丝增材制造钛合金的熔池温度场和流场,分析了层间强制冷却对增材钛合金熔池的影响。结果表明,层间强制冷却可以有效降低熔池的预热温度,缓解材料沉积过程中的热量积累,降低熔池流体流动速度,从而限制流体的流动范围,影响熔池尺寸成形。

高钛焊丝钢生产工艺优化

本钢北营炼钢厂在冶炼高钛焊丝钢时,经常会出现钛收得率低、熔渣性能恶化、铸坯卷渣等问题,特别是铸坯卷渣导致轧制后的盘条存在结疤缺陷,严重影响高钛焊丝钢的性能及质量。引起上述问题的主要原因是钢中的金属元素Ti和非金属元素O、N结合生成高熔点、团簇状的TiN、TiO_(2)非金属夹杂物。通过转炉工艺优化、精炼工艺优化和连铸工艺优化,有效控制了氮氧含量、改善了铸坯卷渣缺陷等严重问题,实现了小方坯生产高钛焊丝钢的目标,优化效果显著。

Effect of deposition rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V components

Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)is a novel manufacturing technique by which high strength metal components can be fabricated layer by layer using an electric arc as the heat source and metal wire as feedstock,and offers the potential to produce large dimensional structures at much higher build rate and minimum waste of raw material.In the present work,a cold metal transfer(CMT)based additive manufacturing was carried out and the effect of deposition rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WAAM Ti-6Al-4V components was investigated.The microstructure of WAAM components showed similar microstructural morphology in all deposition conditions.When the deposition rate increased from 1.63 to 2.23 kg/h,the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)decreased from 984.6 MPa to 899.2 MPa and the micro-hardness showed a scattered but clear decline trend.