A Study of Pragmatic Failure of Address Forms in Cross-cultural Communication

As the process of globalization moves on,cross-cultural communication has been a part of people' s daily lives.It is quite important for people to know how to behave properly in many situations.The present study analyses the phenomena of pragmatic failure of address forms.The study may help enhance peoples' awareness on polite address in cross-cultural communi cation and improve their communicative competence.Foreign language teachers can get implications for their teaching methods,paying more attention on cultural teaching.In addition,the author hopes that equal cultural communication and multi-cultural concept can be achieved.

A Contrastive Study of Honorific and Depreciatory Address Forms in Chinese,English and Japanese

Honorific and depreciatory address forms, as an indispensable part of speech communication, occur in all languages. But due to the cultural diversity, different languages require different laws and regularities in the choice of them. This paper is firstly to make a contrastive analysis of honorific and depreciatory address forms in Chinese, English and Japanese, then explore the different basic values in Chinese, American and Japanese culture and discuss their influences on honorific and depreciatory address forms in the hope of a better understanding of their pragmatic and cultural differences and an avoidance of miscommunication in intercultural interactions.

A Comparison of Address Forms in American English and Chinese

As one of the most frequently used language forms in people's daily communication,the address form carries many different social semantic meanings. This paper aims to compare western and eastern cultures through a tentative study of address forms in American English and Chinese. By finding their similarities and differences it will explore the deep structures of each culture.

A Contrastive Study of Chinese and English Forms of Address

According to sociolinguistic research of speech events, the choice of linguistic forms is determined by the formality of the context and the relationship between interlocutors in a speech event. In this respect, address forms are socially driven phenomena which make the fundamental point in sociolinguistics clearly. The attempt of this study will be made to discuss the impact of the cultures, especially people in America and China. Mainly, the paper is pertinent to ask some questions： （1） whether there are any different pronouns of address used in different cultures, （2） the discrepancy of forms of address used in America and China and how interlocutors used them respectively and （3） are there any semantic systems presented in both two cultures based upon interlocutors＇ social position and cultural background.

The Comparison of Chinese and American Address Forms

This paper contributes to the debate about the Chinese and American address forms in order to help us to improve thecommunication between the two nations.It takes the comparison of the Characters of Chinese and American Address Forms as itsstarting point.It then analyzes the main factors(the influence from the culture's power orientation and the philosophical factor)which make the great differences between Chinese and American address forms.It applies the communicative function of Chineseand American address forms as well.

Politeness Principle and the Choice of Address Forms in Intercultural Communication

This paper makes a tentative study of the politeness strategies stressed in the choice of address forms in Chinese,American and Japanese culture under the guidance of Politeness Principle by Brown and Levinson.Through a comprehensive analysis,It is concluded that the major function of English address forms is to indicate solidarity and realize positive politeness,In contrast,both Chinese and Japanese address forms emphasize deference and help achieve negative politeness;It is the author's hope that a better understanding of these addressing rules in different cultures will benefit effective use of these languages and help avoid miscommunication in intercultural communication.

Identity Construction Discourse in the Perspective ofInter-Subjectivity-The Case of Address Forms

In daily social communication,people mainly construct their own and others'identities through discourse,and the most representative and widely used of identity-constructing discourse is address forms.In this paper,we focus on the identity-constructing function of address formsand the cognitive collaboration of their subordinate categories at the conceptual level,where different forms of address formshave obvious selection preferences in expressing specific discourse functions.Addressing has a discourse function other than the referential function,and inter-subjectivityis its underlying motivation.

An Analysis of Different Addressing Terms in High Context Communication and Low Context Communication from the Perspective of Frame Theory

Within the scope of human beings, some addressing terms are similar. However, different addressing terms still exist,which are influenced by the background of high context communication or low context communication. A good example is that Chinese traditional culture, a typical instance of high context communication, puts much emphasis on etiquette, which is represented in addressing terms as more complex and definite; In western, with the background of low context communication, every individual is more equal and they address each other more generally and much simpler. This paper tries to explore the addressing terms both in Chinese and in English from the perspective of frame theory.

Address forms in Chinese and English-speaking culture

Address form is one of markers of politeness and is an indispensable part of communication. An appropriate address form promotes interpersonal communication smoothly. An address form is polite in one culture, but might be inappropriate in another culture. The paper contrasts address forms in English and Chinese culture and exolores the reasons for their different choice of address terms.

Address Forms in Chinese and English-Speaking Culture

Address forms is one of markers of politeness and is an indispensable part of communication. An appropriate address form promotes interpersonal communication smoothly. An address form is polite in one culture, but might be inappropriate in another culture. The paper contrasts address forms in English and Chinese culture and explores the reasons for their different choice of address terms.

论清代文言小说扉页的刊印形态及其文体特征

清代文言小说的扉页设计展露出较为明显的文体特征,这集中体现在它的广告性和艺术性两方面。无论是介绍正文、标明书价、征集书稿还是采用艺术书体并留下题写者款识,它都具有独立的商业价值和审美价值。这种扉页特征与白话小说相互影响,一方面,白话小说扉页的书名广告、续书广告、识语广告刺激了清代文言小说扉页广告的出现;另一方面,清代文言小说的扉页题署也由艺术性向商业性递变并自然过渡到白话小说之中。作为一种文体标识,对清代文言小说扉页特征的研究,不仅有助于增强对其刊印形态的认知,而且可以加深对文言与白话交融的理解。

网络流行称谓词变迁中的男性气质及反思——以2007—2022年网络流行语中的男性称谓词为分析对象

以2007—2022年网络流行的男性称谓词为研究对象,分析其构词方式和传播特点,纵向梳理了16年间男性气质的流变,指出男性气质呈现出从外在化和片面化到趋向内在化和情感化,再到气质背后的“她经济”与“她凝视”等阶段性特征。网络称谓语中所体现的男性气质总体上出现观看视角的位移、支配性男性气质的瓦解、称谓词汇的多义传播,以及被物化的“男色消费”等特征。以网络流行称谓词为切入口关注男性气质,是当下男性气质研究的一个视角补充。这些称谓词体现了不同时期人们对男性的角色期待,对我们审视社会变迁中的男性气质变化,以及思考这种变化背后所映射出的时代发展和民众心理,具有重要的参考价值。

Discharge Simulation and Fabrication Process of an Aluminum Electrode and an Alumina Layer in AC-PDP

A larger space PDP cell with patterned aluminum as the addressing electrode and alumina as the dielectric layer was proposed. The aluminum electrode and the alumina dielectric layer formed on the aluminum electrode were prepared separately by magnetron sputtering and anodic oxidation for plasma display panel. The properties of the aluminum electrode and the alumina dielectric layer were tested and can meet the demand of PDP application. The resistivity of the aluminum electrode is about 5×10^-8 Ω.m, the voltage withstanding of the alumina dielectric layer exceeds 100 V/μm and the relative permittivity is about 3.5 at 1 MHz. With this structure, the manufacturing cost of PDP could be cut and the addressing discharge formative delay is reduced by 0.67%, which is proved by PIC-MCC simulation.

SPECIAL ISSUE： LANGUAGE STUDIES AND METHODS FROM THE CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE Semantic Transfer of Chinese Kinship Terms to Occupational Address Forms since the Economic Reform

Semantic transfer of kinship terms in address forms to nonkin has always been an intriguing topic to researchers from different fields, anthropologists and sociolinguists alike, whose investigations involve data from various cultures. This study focuses on eight Chinese kinship terms used in twenty-one address forms for addressing nonkin in newly created occupations and practices during the recent economic reform in China, in an attempt to identify the driving force behind such transfer. By examining the use of these kinship terms in addressing nonkin in the economic reform, this study compares its findings to those from earlier studies and has found surprisingly that except gender, the other distinctive features, such as consanguinity, affinity, seniority, and generation, have all become neutralized in the semantic transfer, driven chiefly by the nonkin＇s occupational status. The results from this study demonstrate that the ＂categorical falsity＂ evidenced in the semantic transfer of kinship terms in address forms to nonkin is in essence a manifestation of performing an attitudinal ＂speech act＂ by the general public about how the nonkin＇s occupational status is evaluated in the economic reform.

CP原则和RP原则视域下称呼语转换与角色心理分析——以曹禺话剧《雷雨》为例

称呼语转换往往蕴含着交际双方复杂而微妙的心理,中国话剧《雷雨》在这方面提供了丰富而典范的语料。著名语用学家格莱斯(H.P.Grice)、斯波伯(D.Sperber)和威尔逊(D.Wilson)等对交际的主体即说话人和听话人两方面进行考察,提出了富于解释力的会话含义理论。运用该理论中的CP原则与RP原则对《雷雨》中称呼语转换进行细微的探讨,可以分析出交际双方言语交际时的心理状态和认知理据性。

隐喻认知视域下的礼貌表达研究——以汉日称呼语为例

运用认知语言学的研究方法,通过对称呼语在汉语和日语中的认知模式异同点进行对比分析,深入探讨了基于不同文化背景下称呼语的礼貌认知问题,以期阐明为何礼貌表达被视为礼貌。研究表明,隐喻认知视域下,不同文化背景下的礼貌认知具有相似性,且这种相似性来源于人类认知中的时间和空间认知。由此可以窥测,礼貌从认知本质上而言是个体、时间、空间三者映射到人类思维和表达中的体现及结果。

Address forms in Chinese audit opinions

Although forms of address are widely used in textual and other types of disclosure, empirical evidence of their effects is rare. China provides a unique setting in which to test the economic consequences of the forms of address used in audit reports. From 2003 to 2011, about 60% of auditors surveyed addressed their clients by their real names in audit opinions, while the others used honorifics. Based on a sample of Chinese audit opinions, I report the following findings. First, the announcement of an audit opinion that uses the client’s real name elicits a greater market response than the announcement of an opinion featuring an honorific form of address. Second, the effects of real-name forms of address are stronger in firms with weak board governance. Third, the association between audit fees and audit risk factors, such as loss-making, is stronger in firms that are addressed by their real names in audit reports. I conclude from these findings that the forms of address used in audit opinions may reveal private information on audit quality. The results of this study are consistent with the power-solidarity effect described by sociolinguists.

汉英社交称谓语对比分析

在以往社会语言学家们研究成果的基础上,对汉语和英语(主要是美国英语)中的社交称谓作了对比、分析,指出从Brown与Gilman所建立的"权势"(power)与"等同"(solidarity)语义对立模式看,美国英语称谓系统中的三种语义模式原理在汉语称谓系统中是适用的,甚至是相似的。但由于汉英两种语言文化背景差异较大,其具体社会称谓语也有较大的区别。

农地确权能促进农民自主创业吗?——基于CLDS数据的经验研究

自主创业是农民增收的重要手段,而土地产权界定是否明晰会直接影响农民的创业决策。本文基于2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据,使用工具变量方法实证检验了农地确权改革对农民自主创业行为的影响,并检验了可能的中间机制。实证结果表明,农地确权改革显著地降低了农民自主创业的可能性,降低了农民初始创业资金投入规模。机制检验发现,农地确权通过影响工作时间、劳动参与形式和农业生产效率影响农民的自主创业行为。研究表明,政府在进行农地确权改革时,可以进一步加强农民创业培训,优化农民创业环境,以进一步增加创业收益,降低创业成本,提高农民自主创业的积极性。