小麦是全球种植面积最大粮食作物,为全球45亿人提供日常蛋白和能量摄入的20%。弄清小麦籽粒硬度遗传基础,对于改良小麦品质具有重大意义。为探讨不同硬度小麦种子的分子基础,本实验选用西南麦区2个硬度差异极显著的小麦品种川麦66和蜀麦...小麦是全球种植面积最大粮食作物,为全球45亿人提供日常蛋白和能量摄入的20%。弄清小麦籽粒硬度遗传基础,对于改良小麦品质具有重大意义。为探讨不同硬度小麦种子的分子基础,本实验选用西南麦区2个硬度差异极显著的小麦品种川麦66和蜀麦969,从蛋白水平上分析其种子蛋白差异表达情况,利用TMT定量蛋白质组学技术(tandem mass tags)结合生物信息学分析,分析差异表达的蛋白及其功能和通路等富集情况。结果表明,鉴定并定量了有效蛋白6020个,其中显著差异表达蛋白113个,在软质麦川麦66中上调表达的69个,下调表达的44个。差异蛋白GO富集分析共富集到65个GO条目,达到极显著富集水平的包括生物过程的1个条目、细胞组成的1个条目和分子功能的6个条目。推测营养库活性类蛋白、酶抑制剂活性类蛋白和谷胱甘肽代谢途径类蛋白可能参与小麦籽粒硬度形成。籽粒硬度相关蛋白可能主要分布于细胞胞外区,具有防御作用。从系统发育分析推测,puroindolines蛋白及其同源蛋白,可能既作为小麦籽粒贮藏蛋白,同时还能作为酶抑制剂调控籽粒发育。本研究为进一步探索小麦籽粒硬度遗传机制提供了参考。展开更多
To date, little is still known about how alpine species occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP） responded to past climatic oscillations. Here, by using variations of the chloroplast trnT-L, we examined the ge...To date, little is still known about how alpine species occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP） responded to past climatic oscillations. Here, by using variations of the chloroplast trnT-L, we examined the genetic distribution pattern of 101 individuals of Potentilla glabra, comprising both the interior QTP and the plateau edge. Phylogenetic and network analyses of 31 recovered haplotypes identified three tentative clades （A, B and C）. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） revealed that most of the genetic variability was found within populations （0.693）, while differentiations between populations were obviously distinct （Fst -- 0.307）. Two independent range expansions within clades A and B occurring at approximately 316 and 201 thousand years ago （kya） were recovered from the hierarchical mismatch analysis, and these two expansions were also confirmed by Fu＇s Fs values and ＇g＇ tests. However, distant distributions of clade C and private haplotypes from clades A and B suggest that they had survived the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and previous glaciers in situ since their origins. Our findings based on available limited samples support that multiple refugia of a few cold-enduring species had been maintained in the QTP platform during LGM and/or previous glacial stages.展开更多
文摘小麦是全球种植面积最大粮食作物,为全球45亿人提供日常蛋白和能量摄入的20%。弄清小麦籽粒硬度遗传基础,对于改良小麦品质具有重大意义。为探讨不同硬度小麦种子的分子基础,本实验选用西南麦区2个硬度差异极显著的小麦品种川麦66和蜀麦969,从蛋白水平上分析其种子蛋白差异表达情况,利用TMT定量蛋白质组学技术(tandem mass tags)结合生物信息学分析,分析差异表达的蛋白及其功能和通路等富集情况。结果表明,鉴定并定量了有效蛋白6020个,其中显著差异表达蛋白113个,在软质麦川麦66中上调表达的69个,下调表达的44个。差异蛋白GO富集分析共富集到65个GO条目,达到极显著富集水平的包括生物过程的1个条目、细胞组成的1个条目和分子功能的6个条目。推测营养库活性类蛋白、酶抑制剂活性类蛋白和谷胱甘肽代谢途径类蛋白可能参与小麦籽粒硬度形成。籽粒硬度相关蛋白可能主要分布于细胞胞外区,具有防御作用。从系统发育分析推测,puroindolines蛋白及其同源蛋白,可能既作为小麦籽粒贮藏蛋白,同时还能作为酶抑制剂调控籽粒发育。本研究为进一步探索小麦籽粒硬度遗传机制提供了参考。
基金Supported by the Frontier Project of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China (30725004)the Programfor New Century Excellent Talents,Ministry of Education of China (NCET-05-0886)a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research (A) from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,Government of Japan(18255004)
文摘To date, little is still known about how alpine species occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP） responded to past climatic oscillations. Here, by using variations of the chloroplast trnT-L, we examined the genetic distribution pattern of 101 individuals of Potentilla glabra, comprising both the interior QTP and the plateau edge. Phylogenetic and network analyses of 31 recovered haplotypes identified three tentative clades （A, B and C）. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） revealed that most of the genetic variability was found within populations （0.693）, while differentiations between populations were obviously distinct （Fst -- 0.307）. Two independent range expansions within clades A and B occurring at approximately 316 and 201 thousand years ago （kya） were recovered from the hierarchical mismatch analysis, and these two expansions were also confirmed by Fu＇s Fs values and ＇g＇ tests. However, distant distributions of clade C and private haplotypes from clades A and B suggest that they had survived the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and previous glaciers in situ since their origins. Our findings based on available limited samples support that multiple refugia of a few cold-enduring species had been maintained in the QTP platform during LGM and/or previous glacial stages.
