This work provides insights on waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal as potential sources of environmental toxicants. Selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from ten U.S. commercial waterpipe...This work provides insights on waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal as potential sources of environmental toxicants. Selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from ten U.S. commercial waterpipe tobacco filler products (before and after electric heating) and five waterpipe charcoal products (before and after burning) were investigated. The differences in quantities of HPHCs between the evaluated products appear to be affected by raw material properties and/or the manufacturing processes involved in product production. Trace metal quantities in waterpipe tobacco and charcoal products were observed after heating or burning conditions compared to unheated or unburned conditions, which could impact the environment through the generation of toxic tobacco product waste. This study demonstrates that waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal contain substantial quantities of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and trace metals (<i>i.e.</i>, selenium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel) before use and that extensive and varied changes in trace metal quantities take place as a result of heating, and more studies are needed to estimate the magnitude of the environmental impact of waterpipe tobacco use.展开更多
烟草黑胫病是由烟草疫霉菌(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)引起的对烟草生产危害最严重和最具毁灭性的病害之一,其具有隐秘性强、传播速度快、防控难度大等特点。综述了烟草黑胫病的发生情况、危害特征、发病条件、作用机制...烟草黑胫病是由烟草疫霉菌(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)引起的对烟草生产危害最严重和最具毁灭性的病害之一,其具有隐秘性强、传播速度快、防控难度大等特点。综述了烟草黑胫病的发生情况、危害特征、发病条件、作用机制、防控措施等内容,根据烟草黑胫病侵染和流行特点提出了相应的防控措施,旨在为烟草黑胫病防控策略的制定提供理论参考。展开更多
文摘This work provides insights on waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal as potential sources of environmental toxicants. Selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from ten U.S. commercial waterpipe tobacco filler products (before and after electric heating) and five waterpipe charcoal products (before and after burning) were investigated. The differences in quantities of HPHCs between the evaluated products appear to be affected by raw material properties and/or the manufacturing processes involved in product production. Trace metal quantities in waterpipe tobacco and charcoal products were observed after heating or burning conditions compared to unheated or unburned conditions, which could impact the environment through the generation of toxic tobacco product waste. This study demonstrates that waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal contain substantial quantities of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and trace metals (<i>i.e.</i>, selenium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel) before use and that extensive and varied changes in trace metal quantities take place as a result of heating, and more studies are needed to estimate the magnitude of the environmental impact of waterpipe tobacco use.
文摘烟草黑胫病是由烟草疫霉菌(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)引起的对烟草生产危害最严重和最具毁灭性的病害之一,其具有隐秘性强、传播速度快、防控难度大等特点。综述了烟草黑胫病的发生情况、危害特征、发病条件、作用机制、防控措施等内容,根据烟草黑胫病侵染和流行特点提出了相应的防控措施,旨在为烟草黑胫病防控策略的制定提供理论参考。