Relationship between different sources of drinking water,water quality improvement and gastric cancer mortality in Changle County--A retrospectivecohort study in high incidence area

IM To investigate the relationship between different sources of drinking water supply, water quality improvement and gastric cancer mortality rate in a high risk area.METHODS A retrospectivecohort survey was carried out in all towns of this county to study the effect of different sources of drinking water supply and water quality improvement on gastric cancer mortality rate.RESULTS The gastric cancer mortality rate among the population 12405/105 drinking river water was obviously higher than that of drinking shallow well water (7485/105) (P<001) according to the Zhanggang Town 16 years accumulated data. The same pattern was presented in 7 towns after balancing the confounders. The gastric cancer mortality rate of population drinking river water was 8603/105, which was higher than those drinking shallow well water (6203/105) and tap water (2978/105) (P<001). When the drinking water switched from river and well water to tap water, the gastric cancer incidence decreased to 3033/105 and 2610/105, and the gastric cancer mortality decreased by 59% and 57% respectively.CONCLUSION The quality of drinking water is one of the important factors of increased incidence of gastric cancer in Changle County, and water quality improvement has a beneficial effect, but the cause of high gastric cancer incidence may be multifactorial in this area..

Human development index is associated with mortality-to-incidence ratios of gastrointestinal cancers

AIM:To identify the role of human development in the incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancers worldwide.METHODS:The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for gastrointestinal cancers,including cancers of the esophagus,stomach,pancreas,liver,gallbladder,and colorectum,were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2008 database and United States Cancer Statistics(USCS)report.The human development index(HDI)data were calculated according to the 2011 Human Development Report.We estimated the mortality-toincidence ratios(MIRs)at the regional and national levels,and explored the association of the MIR with development levels as measured by the HDI using a modified"drug dose to inhibition response"model.Furthermore,countries were divided into four groups according to the HDI distribution,and the MIRs of the four HDI groups were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test.Statespecific MIRs in the United States were predicted from the estimated HDI using the fitted non-linear model,and were compared with the actual MIRs calculated from data in the USCS report.RESULTS:The worldwide incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancers were as high as 39.4and 54.9 cases per 100000 individuals,respectively.Linear and non-linear regression analyses revealed an inverse correlation between the MIR of gastrointestinal cancers and the HDI at the regional and national levels(<0;P=0.0028 for regional level and<0.0001 for national level,ANOVA).The MIR differed significantly among the four HDI areas(very high HDI,0.620±0.033;high HDI,0.807±0.018;medium HDI,0.857±0.021;low HDI,0.953±0.011;P<0.001,oneway ANOVA).Prediction of the MIRs for individual United States states using best-fitted non-linear models showed little deviation from the actual MIRs in the United States.Except for 28 data points(9.93%of282),the actual MIRs of all gastrointestinal cancers were mostly located in the prediction intervals via the best-fit non-linear regression models.CONCLUSION:The inverse correlation between HDI and MIR demonstrates that more developed areas have a relatively efficacious healthcare system,resulting in low MIRs,and HDI can be used to estimate the MIR.

Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality:An analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022

Background:Given the recent updates in cancer burden estimates by GLOBOCAN 2022,this study was undertaken to provide pertinent perspectives within the context of the Human Development Index(HDI)and major world economies.Methods:Datasets sourced from GLOBOCAN encompassed cancer cases and deaths across all cancer types in 2022,alongside projections up to 2050.Cancer incidences and deaths of the top 10 cancers within China and four distinct HDI-classified regions were compared using descriptive analyses.Age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs)and mortality rates(ASMRs)worldwide for the most prevalent cancers in 2022 across ten largest economies and four-tier HDIs were examined.The top five cancer types concerning both incidence and mortality in China were delineated by sex and age group.Results:In males,prostate cancer predominated in countries with low,high(except China),and very high HDI.Prostate and liver cancers were prominent causes of death in countries with low HDI.In females,breast and cervical cancers predominated in countries with low-to-medium HDI.Lung and colorectal cancer incidence and deaths increased with high HDI for both sexes.ASIRs and ASMRs for breast,prostate,lung,and colorectal cancers in the top 10 economies were higher than the global average.However,liver,stomach,and cervical cancers in most Western countries exhibited lower rates.In China,hematologic malignancies(43%)were prevalent among children aged 0-14 years,whereas thyroid cancer led among adolescents and young adults aged 15-39 years.Regarding incidence and mortality,lung cancer predominated for individuals over 40 years,except for females aged 40-59 years,in whom breast cancer predominated.Projected trends indicated substantial increases in new cancer cases(76.6%)and deaths(89.7%)over the next three decades.Conclusions:Infection-and poverty-related cancer burdens are offset by increased prostate,breast,colorectal,and lung cancer incidence associated with rapid societal and economic transitions.Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in China feature characteristics of developed and developing countries,necessitating tailored,evidence-based,and comprehensive strategies for effective cancer prevention and control.

Trends and predictions for gastric cancer mortality in Brazil

AIM: To analyze the effect of age-period and birth cohort on gastric cancer mortality, in Brazil and across its five geographic regions, by sex, in the population over 20 years of age, as well as make projections for the period 2010-2029.METHODS: An ecological study is presented herein,which distributed gastric cancer-related deaths in Brazil and its geographic regions. The effects of ageperiod and birth cohort were calculated by the Poisson regression model and projections were made with the age-period-cohort model in the statistical program R. RESULTS: Progressive reduction of mortality rates was observed in the 1980's, and then higher and lower mortality rates were verified in the 2000's, for both sexes, in Brazil and for the South, Southeast and Midwest regions. A progressive decrease in mortality rates was observed for the Northeast(both sexes) and North(men only) regions within the period 1995-1999, followed by rising rates. CONCLUSION: Regional differences were demonstrated in the mortality rates for gastric cancer in Brazil, and the least developed regions of the country will present increases in projected mortality rates.

Alcohol and tobacco misuse: Reducing aerodigestive cancer risk

Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease prevention policies.However,this separation of focus means that while individuals who present with alcohol-related problems are increasingly supported to attain and maintain abstinence from alcohol they are not routinely assisted to refrain from smoking.This is tragically inopportune as alcohol and tobacco have an established"synergistic"effect on aerodigestive cancer risk.Moreover,even when patients successfully tackle their alcohol problems they remain at increased risk for developing these cancers,especially if they continue to smoke.A case series is presented together with a discussion on how service provision for co-misuse could be improved to obviate aerodigestive cancer risk.Given the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in the United Kingdom,these observations may have far reaching implications for the individual,health provider(s)and wider society.

Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China in 2015

Objective:To estimate the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China based on the cancer registration data in 2015,collected by the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR).Methods:There were 501 cancer registries that submitted data to the NCCR,whose data were the basis for estimating the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China in 2015.After evaluating the data quality,368 registries’data were accepted for the analysis and stratified by area(urban/rural)and age group.Combined with data on the national population in 2015,the nationwide incidence and mortality of cervical cancer were estimated.Cervical Cancer cases of 22 cancer registries were applied for temporal trends from 2000 to 2015.The Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi’s population were used to calculate age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.Results:An estimated 111,000 new cases were attributed to cervical cancer in China in 2015,accounting for 6.24%of all female new cancer cases in that year in China.The crude rate(CR)of incidence and age-standardized incidence rates by the China standard population(ASIRC)and by Segi’s world standard population(ASIRW)of cervical cancer were 16.56/100,000,11.78/100,000,and 10.86/100,000,respectively.The cumulative incidence rate from birth to 74 years old was 1.15%,whereas the calculation of incidence rates over the truncated age range of 35-64 years by Segi’s world standard population(T-ASIRW)was 27.66/100,000.The estimates of cervical cancer deaths were about 33,800 and 3.94%of all female cancer-related deaths in China in 2015,with a crude mortality rate of 5.04/100,000.The age-standardized mortality rates adjusted by the Chinese standard population(ASMRC)and by world Segi’s population(ASMRW)were 3.29/100,000 and 3.15/100,000,respectively,with a cumulative mortality rate(0-74 years old)of 0.35%.Both the incidence and mortality were higher in rural than in urban areas.The age-specific cervical cancer incidence significantly increased with age,particularly after age 25 years,and peaked at 50-54 years old,whereas age-specific mortality increased rapidly after 35 years old,peaking at 80-84 years old.The age-standardized incidence rates increased by about 8.6(95%CI:6.9,10.3)per year during the period of 2000−2015.The age at diagnosis of patients with cervical cancer tended to be younger.In rural areas,the mean age at diagnosis decreased about 3.22 years from 2000 to 2015(𝛽=-0.33,P<0.001).Conclusions:China has a high burden of cervical cancer and important disparities among different regions.Es-pecially in the middle and western areas and rural areas,cervical cancer is a serious issue in women’s health,and prevention strategies need to be enhanced.Prevention and control strategies need to be enhanced and imple-mented with reference to local status,such as human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination and screening programs.

Neutropenic Fever in Lung Cancer:Clinical Aspects Related to Mortality and Antibiotic Failure

Background and objectives:Lung cancer(LC)is the leading cause of cancer death.Patients treated with chemotherapy are at risk of developing chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia(FN),a potentially life-threatening complication.The aims of this study were(1)to characterize FN admissions of patients with LC in a pulmonology department,and(2)to determine associations between patient profiles,first-line antibiotic failure(FLAF)and mortality.Methods:Retrospective observational case-series,based on the analysis of medical records of LC patients that required hospitalization due to chemotherapy-induced FN.Results:A total of 42 cases of FN were revised,corresponding to 36 patients,of which 86.1%were male,with a mean age of 66.71±9.83 years.Most patients had a performance status(PS)equal or less than 1,and metastatic disease was present in 40.5%(n=17).Respiratory tract infections accounted for 42.9%(n=18)of FN cases,and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most isolated agent.The mortality rate was 16.7%(n=7),and the FLAF was 26.2%(n=11).Mortality was associated with a PS≥2(P=0.011),infection by a Gram-negative agent(P=0.001)and severe anemia(P=0.048).FLAF was associated with longer hospitalizations(P=0.020),PS≥2(P=0.049),respiratory infections(P=0.024),and infection by a Gram-negative(P=0.003)or multidrug-resistant agent(P=0.014).Conclusions:Lower PS,severe anemia,and infections by Gram-negative or multi-resistant agents seem to be associated with worse outcomes in FN patients.

Epidemiology of Cancer in Systemic Sclerosis—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cancer Incidence, Predictors and Mortality

Objectives: The study was conducted to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of cancer in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by evaluating the incidence, prevalence, relative risk of overall and site-specific malignancies, predictors and cancer-attributable mortality. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Cochrane Library (inception-May 2012) were searched. Estimates were combined using a random effects model. Consistency was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Results: 4876 citations were searched to identify 60 articles. The average incidence of malignancy in SSc was 14 cases/1000 person-years;the prevalence ranged between 4%-22%. Cancer was the leading cause of non-SSc related deaths with a mean of 38%. Overall SIR for all-site malignancy risk was 1.85 (95%CI 1.52, 2.25;I276%). There was a greater risk of lung (SIR 4.69, 95%CI 2.84, 7.75;I293%) and haematological (SIR 2.58, CI 95% 1.75, 3.81;I20%) malignancies, including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (SIR 2.55, 95%CI 1.40, 4.67;I20%). SSc patients were at a higher risk of leukemia (SIR 2.79, 95%CI 1.22, 6.37;I20%), malignant melanoma (SIR 2.92, 95%CI 1.76, 4.83;I235%), liver (SIR 4.75, 95%CI 3.09, 7.31;I20%), cervical (SIR 2.28, 95%CI 1.26, 4.09;I254%) and oropharyngeal (SIR 5.0, 95%CI 2.18, 11.47;I258%) cancers. Risk factors include a-RNAP I/III seropositivity, male sex, and late onset SSc. Smoking and longstanding interstitial lung disease increase the risk of lung cancer;Barrett’s esophagus and a positive family history of breast cancer, respectively, increase the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Conclusions: SSc patients have a two-fold increase in all-site malignancy, and greater risk of lung and haematological malignancies that contribute significantly to mortality. Vigilance should be considered in SSc patients with risk factors for cancer.

Occurrence Regularity and Life History of Cigarette Beetle Lasioderrma serricorne(Fabricius)in Tobacco Leaf Threshing and Redrying Workshop

[Objectives]The paper was to study the occurrence regularity and life history of cigarette beetle Lasioderrma serricorne(Fabricius)in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop.[Methods]With the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop as the survey site,the occurrence regularity of L.serricorne was investigated,and the life history table was inferred according to its biological characteristics.The temperature,humidity and duration of tobacco leaf threshing and redrying were simulated in the laboratory to study the survival rate of all states of L.serricorne in this environment.[Results]The lifecycle of L.serricorne in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop was:the overwintering generation pupated in late February;the pupa began to emerge in early March,and reached its peak in late March.The first-generation eggs started hatching in late March,pupated in late May,emerged in early June,and reached the peak eclosion of the first-generation adults in mid-July.The second-generation eggs began to hatch in late July,pupated in mid-August,emerged in late August,and reached the peak eclosion of the second-generation adults in mid-September.The third-generation eggs began to hatch in mid-September;most of the larvae began to overwinter,some pupated in mid-November and survived the winter as pupae,and some pupae emerged to adults.The survival test results of different states of L.serricorne under simulated temperature,humidity and duration in the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process showed that the mortality rates of eggs in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 51.22%,90.24% and 100%,and the mortalities of larvae in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 18.30%,81.25%and 100%,respectively.The mortalities of pupae in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 69.39%,100% and 100%,and the mortalities of adults in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 100%,100% and 100%,respectively.[Conclusions]L.serricorne of different states can be killed by appropriately raising the temperature during threshing and redrying.

Perioperative mortality of metastatic spinal disease with unknown primary: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Spinal metastases are common in patients with malignancies,but studies on those metastasized from unknown primaries are scarce due to the difficulty in treatment and the relatively poor prognosis.Knowledge of surgical complications,particularly perioperative mortality,in patients with spinal metastases from unidentified sources is still insufficient.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man with chest-back pain was diagnosed with spinal metastasis in the seventh thoracic vertebra(T7).Radiographic examinations,as well as needle biopsy and immunohistochemical tests were performed to verify the characteristics of the lesion,resulting in an inconclusive diagnosis of poorly differentiated cancer from an unknown primary lesion.Therefore,spinal surgery was performed using the posterior approach to relieve symptoms and verify the diagnosis.Postoperative histologic examination indicated that this poorly differentiated metastatic cancer was possibly sarcomatoid carcinoma.As the patient experienced unexpectedly fast progression of the disease and died 16 d after surgery,the origin of this metastasis was undetermined.We discuss this case with respect to reported perioperative mortality in similar cases.CONCLUSION A comprehensive assessment prior to surgical decision-making is essential to reduce perioperative mortality risk in patients with spinal metastases from an unknown origin.

External validation of nomograms for predicting cancer-specific mortality in penile cancer patients treated with definitive surgery

Using a population-based cancer registry,Thuret et al.developed 3 nomograms for estimating cancerspecific mortality in men with penile squamous cell carcinoma.In the initial cohort,only 23.0% of the patients were treated with inguinal lymphadenectomy and had pN stage.To generalize the prediction models in clinical practice,we evaluated the performance of the 3 nomograms in a series of penile cancer patients who were treated with definitive surgery.Clinicopathologic information was obtained from 160 M0 penile cancer patients who underwent primary tumor excision and regional lymphadenectomy between 1990 and 2008.The predicted probabilities of cancer-specific mortality were calculated from 3 nomograms that were based on different disease stage definitions and tumor grade.Discrimination,calibration,and clinical usefulness were assessed to compare model performance.The discrimination ability was similar in nomograms using the TNM classification or American Joint Committee on Cancer staging(Harrell's concordance index = 0.817 and 0.832,respectively),whereas it was inferior for the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results staging(Harrell's concordance index = 0.728).Better agreement with the observed cancer-specific mortality was shown for the model consisting of TNM classification and tumor grade,which also achieved favorable clinical net benefit,with a threshold probability in the range of 0 to 42%.The nomogram consisting of TNM classification and tumor grading was shown to have better performance for predicting cancer-specific mortality in penile cancer patients who underwent definitive surgery.Our data support the integration of this model in decision-making and trial design.

Global burden and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality

Background:Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide for many years.This study aimed to investigate the global patterns and trends of lung cancer.Methods:Lung cancer incidence and mortality were derived from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database.Continuous data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends were used to analyze the temporal trends from 2000 to 2012 using Joinpoint regression,and average annual percent changes were calculated.The association between the Human Development Index and lung cancer incidence and mortality was assessed by linear regression.Results:An estimated 2.2 million new lung cancer cases and 1.8 million lung cancer-related deaths occurred in 2020.The age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)ranged from 36.8 per 100,000 in Demark to 5.9 per 100,000 in Mexico.The age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)varied from 32.8 per 100,000 in Poland to 4.9 per 100,000 in Mexico.Both ASIR and ASMR were approximately twice higher in men than in women.The ASIR of lung cancer showed a downward trend in the United States of America(USA)between 2000 and 2012,and was more prominent in men.The age-specific incidence rates of lung cancer for ages of 50 to 59 years showed an upward trend in China for both men and women.Conclusions:The burden of lung cancer is still unsatisfactory,especially in developing countries like China.Considering the effectiveness of tobacco control and screening in developed countries,such as the USA,there is a need to strengthen health education,accelerate the establishment of tobacco control policies and regulations,and improve early cancer screening awareness to reduce the future burden of lung cancer.

Primary malignant bone tumors incidence,mortality,and trends in China from 2000 to 2015

Background:Primary malignant bone tumors are uncommon,and their epidemiological features are rarely reported.We aimed to study the incidence and death characteristics of bone tumors from 2000 to 2015.Methods:Population-based cancer registries submitted registry data to National Central Cancer Registry of China(NCCRC).The data collected from 501 local cancer registries in China were assessed using NCCRC screening methods and criteria.Incidence and mortality rates of primary bone tumor were stratified by age group,gender,and area.Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were adjusted using the Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi’s world population.The annual percentage change(APC)in rate was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program.Results:Data from 368 registries met quality control criteria,of which 134 and 234 were from urban and rural areas,respectively.The data covered 309,553,499 persons.The crude incidence,age-standardized incidence,and crude mortality rates were 1.77,1.35,and 1.31 per 100,000,respectively.Incidence and mortality rates were higher in males than those in females;they showed downward trends,with declines of 2.2%and 4.8%per year,respectively,and the rates in urban areas were lower than those in rural areas.Significant declining trends were observed in urban areas.Stable trends were seen in rural areas during 2000 to 2007,followed by downward trends.Age-specific incidence and mortality rates showed stable trends in the age group of 0 to 19 years,and downward trends in the age group elder than 19 years.Conclusions:The incidence and mortality rates of primary malignant bone tumors in rural areas were higher compared to those in urban areas.Targeted prevention measures are required to monitor and control bone tumor incidence and improve the quality of life of affected patients.This research can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of bone tumors,as well as basic information for follow-up research.

The distribution of parotid gland neoplasms in a veteran population

Objective:Salivary gland tumors account for 6%-8%of head and neck neoplasms with the parotid gland as the most common primary site.Pleomorphic adenomas(PA)are considered the most common benign parotid gland neoplasms,followed by Warthin tumors(WT).The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of parotid gland neoplasms among a United States veteran population.Design:Retrospective chart review.Setting:Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Participants:Veterans who underwent fine needle aspiration(FNA)for a parotid gland mass from 2000 to 2018 were included.Medical records were reviewed for gender,age,tobacco use,surgery date,and pathology results.Main outcome measures:Changes in the distribution of parotid neoplasms and tobacco use over an 18-year period.Results:Of 141 patients with parotid gland masses,86.5%(n=122)were benign,9.9%(n=14)were malignant,and 3.5%(n=5)were indeterminate.Of benign tumors,WT accounted for the majority at 51.6%,followed by PA at 40.2%.When stratified by decade(2000-2009 and 2010-2018),the proportion of WT compared to all other benign and malignant neoplasms increased from 31.6%to 53.6%,whereas the proportion of PA decreased from 36.8%to 33.3%.The rate of tobacco use was unchanged at approximately 32.0%among our cohort from 2000 to 2018.Conclusion:Among our cohort of veteran patients,WT was the most common benign parotid tumor and has increased in incidence over the last two decades despite an unchanged smoking rate.

Risk factors associated with long-term mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism and the predictive value of Charlson comorbidity index

Objective To explore the risk factors associated with long-term mortality and the predictive value of Charlson comorbidity index(CCI)for long-term mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods A total of 234 patients with confirmed PE from the medical departments of West China Hospital of Sichuan

Eight-year follow-up of locally advanced lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma at upper urinary tract: A case report

BACKGROUND Urinary tract lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is rarely seen.Although it is termed after lymphoepithelioma at the nasopharynx,it behaves more like high grade urothelial carcinoma by immunohistochemical features.Most published literatures focused on its rarity but few discussed results of long-term follow-ups.As no available guidelines are applicable,we postulated that principles should be similar to that of urothelial carcinoma at urinary tract.As of now,this work features the longest follow-up of this cancer at the upper urinary tract.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female had a chief complaint of intermittent left flank pain for 2 mo,along with accompanying symptoms including vomiting and body weight loss,about 7 kg over 2 mo.Laboratory data showed normocytic anemia,mildly poor renal function,and hyperparathyroidism.Urine analysis showed mild hematuria.Computed tomography showed a 4.2-cm-width irregular mass over left renal pelvic and enlarged lymph node at the left renal hilum.Whole-body bone scan was negative of active bone lesions.Biopsy from ureteroscopy showed urothelial carcinoma.Specimen from laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection showed lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with muscular invasion(pT3).She took adjuvant chemotherapies of 2 cycles and full courses of radiation therapy.No recurrence was observed with designed investigative programs.CONCLUSION Locally advanced urinary tract lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma could benefit from nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision in terms of recurrence-free survival.

2020年中国与韩国和日本肝癌发病和死亡的比较分析

目的分析2020年中国肝癌发病、死亡情况,并比较韩国、日本的肝癌负担,为我国进一步完善肝癌的防治策略提供依据。方法从GLOBOCAN 2020提取中国、韩国及日本的肝癌发病及死亡相关数据,分析并比较不同性别、年龄别肝癌发病率和死亡率差异。结果2020年中国肝癌新发病例410038例,发病率为28.3/10万(男性40.8/10万,女性15.2/10万),世标率18.2/10万。韩国肝癌新发病例14788例,发病率28.8/10万(男性42.6/10万,女性15.1/10万),世标率14.3/10万。日本肝癌新发病例45663例,发病率为36.1/10万(男性48.3/10万,女性24.4/10万),世标率10.4/10万。2020年中国因肝癌死亡病例391152例,病死率27.0/10万(男性38.8/10万,女性14.6/10万),世标率17.2/10万。韩国肝癌死亡病例11158例,病死率21.8/10万(男性31.6/10万,女性11.9/10万),世标率9.9/10万。日本肝癌死亡病例28155例,病死率22.3/10万(男性29.4/10万,女性15.4/10万),世标率4.8/10万。结论我国是肝癌高发地区,相较于东亚邻国韩国和日本,我国肝癌发病及病死年龄更早。应针对不同性别、年龄组以及不同地区,制订相应的肝癌防治策略。

2022年全球及中国肺癌流行状况分析

目的根据国际癌症研究机构发布的2022年全球癌症统计报告,结合性别、年龄、人类发展指数(HDI)等特征分析2022年全球及中国肺癌发病和死亡情况。方法全球185个国家和地区的肺癌数据来源于GLOBOCAN 2022数据库,HDI根据联合国开发计划署公布的《2021年人类发展报告》数据进行整理。将癌症数据进行年龄、性别、HDI分层,描述全球及中国肺癌流行情况。采用Pearson相关分析评估年龄标化发病率(ASIR)、年龄标化死亡率(ASMR)及死亡发病比(M/I)与HDI之间的相关性。结果2022年全球肺癌总发病人数为248.1万,位列各癌种发病人数的第1位,ASIR(23.6/10万)位列各癌种的第3位;全球肺癌总死亡人数为181.7万,位列各癌种死亡人数的第1位,ASMR(16.8/10万)位列各癌种的第1位。2022年中国肺癌总发病人数为106.1万,占全球肺癌发病人数的42.8%,位列中国各癌种的第1位,ASIR(40.8/10万)位列中国各癌种的第1位;中国肺癌总死亡人数为73.3万,占全球肺癌死亡人数的40.4%,位列中国各癌种的第1位,ASMR(26.7/10万)位列中国各癌种的第1位。全球及中国男性肺癌发病人数、ASIR、死亡人数、ASMR均高于女性。全球及中国肺癌发病人数、ASIR、死亡人数、ASMR随年龄增长呈现上升趋势,40~44岁年龄组之后增长迅速。各个国家和地区ASIR、ASMR与HDI呈正相关(r=0.7393、0.6865,均P<0.0001),M/I与HDI呈负相关(r=-0.6881,P<0.0001)。结论全球及中国肺癌疾病负担严重,流行情况在不同HDI水平的国家和地区、性别、年龄别之间存在差异。

Comparison of serum Zn, Cu and Se contents between healthy people and patients in high, middle and low incidence areas of gastric cancer of Fujian Province

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2015—2021年百色市4类慢性病早死概率变化趋势及预测分析

背景我国居民慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)疾病负担较严峻,已成为制约人群健康期望寿命提高的重要影响因素。目的了解百色市2015—2021年4类重大慢性病(恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病和慢性呼吸系统疾病)早死情况及实现“健康中国2030”目标情况,为制定西部贫困地区慢性病防控策略提供借鉴。方法收集2015—2021年登记在百色市疾病预防控制中心死因监测系统的死亡数据,计算死亡率、早死概率等指标,运用Joinpoint 24.0软件,以平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)和率的变化趋势进行描述。结果2015—2021年,百色市4类慢性病粗死亡率为549.06/10万(AAPC=0.13%),标化死亡率为302.92/10万(AAPC=-5.66%),变化趋势均无统计学意义(P>0.05);女性4类慢性病标化死亡率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-1.66%,P=0.046)。其中总人群、男性、女性心脑血管疾病粗死亡率呈上升趋势(AAPC=2.74%,P=0.004;AAPC=2.43%,P=0.013;AAPC=3.17%,P=0.011),男性、女性慢性呼吸系统疾病标化死亡率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-8.66%,P=0.023;AAPC=-8.17%,P=0.027)。总人群、男性、女性4类慢性病早死概率分别为15.77%、26.03%、10.42%,其慢性呼吸系统疾病早死概率均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-6.89%,P=0.012;AAPC=-7.18%,P=0.007;AAPC=-6.94%,P=0.020)。男性4类慢性病早死概率约为女性的2.5倍。按照百色市2015—2021年4类慢性病早死概率平均增长速度,预计2030年百色市4类慢性病早死概率为14.62%,而2030年4类慢性病早死概率目标值为13.69%,只有女性、恶性肿瘤和慢性呼吸系统疾病早死概率目标值高于预测值。需将2021—2030年4类慢性病早死概率的平均下降速度提高至2.63%,才能实现2030年的早死概率目标,其中男性的平均下降速度应提高至2.70%。糖尿病早死概率应被重点关注,其预测值低于目标值且差距较大,下降速度应提高至6.76%。结论2015—2021年百色市总人群、男性、女性心脑血管疾病粗死亡率呈上升趋势,慢性呼吸系统疾病死亡率和早死概率呈下降趋势。以目前平均增长速度预测,百色市距离实现“健康中国2030”目标值尚有差距。应以男性为重点关注人群,以糖尿病和心脑血管疾病为重点干预疾病,使2021—2030年平均增长速度达到-2.63%,才可实现“健康中国2030”目标。