Thinking on the Cultivation of Professional Tobacco-growers in Yongfeng County

Taking the cultivation of professional tobacco-growers in Yongfeng County as an example, the importance of professional tobacco-growers cultivation was discussed, and the corresponding measures to cultivated the professional tobaccogrowers in Yongfeng County were illustrated, with the aim to provide references for the stabilization of tobacco industry development, transformation of tobacco production modes, improvement of production management level, increase of farmers＇ income, and further promoting the development of modern tobacco agriculture construction.

Correlation Analysis between Well-cellar Early Transplanting of Robust Seedlings and Diseases in Shiyan Tobacco-growing Area

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the relationship between the well-cellar early transplanting of robust seedlings and the prevalence of diseases in the Shiyan tobacco-growing area.[Methods]The relationship between disease occurrence and meteorological factors during the field growth period was examined by analyzing the prevalence of flue-cured tobacco virus diseases,brown spot,and total disease in the Shiyan tobacco-growing area before(2013-2017)and after(2018-2022)the well-cellar early transplanting of robust tobacco seedlings.[Results]The implementation of a well-cellar early transplanting technique of robust seedlings resulted in a reduction in the average incidence of tobacco virus disease,brown spot,and total disease by 0.83%,8.85%,and 7.91%,respectively,in comparison to the incidence observed prior to early transplanting.These findings suggest that early transplanting can significantly reduce the incidence of flue-cured tobacco diseases.Prior to the well-cellar early transplanting of robust tobacco seedlings,there was a significant(including highly significant)positive correlation between the incidence of brown spot and total disease and precipitation in August and September.The incidence of brown spot and total disease in tobacco plants was found to be significantly positively correlated with May precipitation and significantly negatively correlated with May sunshine hours following the well-cellar early transplanting of robust seedlings.The advancement of the transplanting period by 20 d resulted in a reduction in the growing period of tobacco plants in the field under autumn rains(late August to November)in western China.This effectively circumvented the suitable conditions for disease occurrence and can reduce the incidence of disease.[Conclusions]This study offers a framework for enhancing the quality and efficiency of flue-cured tobacco production in the northwest tobacco-growing area of Hubei.

Effects of Corn Stalk-composted Organic Fertilizer on Physiochemical Properties of Tobacco-growing Soil

In order to explore the method of returning corn stalk into field, the effects of returning corn stalk direcfly into soil and applying corn stalk-composted orgar^c fertilizer into soil on the physiochemical properties of tobacco-growing soil were studied. The results showed that returning corn stalk into soil could reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity, so as to improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of tobacco-growing soil. At the same time, returning corn stalk into soil could also increase the organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassi- um contents in tobacco-growing soil. In the early field growth stage of tobacco, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content decreased slightly; but in the middle and later field growth stage, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in tobacco-growing soil increased. The treatment effect of corn stalk＋urea＋fermentation bacteria and corn stalk＋urea＋BM was better than that of the control （returning corn stalk directly into soil）, indicating that the corn stalk-composted organic fertilizer had certain popular- ization value.

The Distribution Characteristics of Soil pH Values of Tobacco-growing Areas in Dali City and Its Correlation with Soil Nutrients

[Objective] The aim was to study the distribution characteristics of soil pH values and its correlation with soil nutrients in tobacco-growing areas. [Method] Soil nutrients of 43 samples from tobacco-growing areas in Dali City were analyzed.[Results] The results showed that average pH value of tobacco-planting soil in Dali City was 6.52, soil samples which suited for flue-cured tobacco cultivation accounted for 72.09% of total soil samples. In four soil types of tobacco-growing areas, the pH values in a descending order were as follows： alluvial soil〉 paddy soil 〉purple soil〉 red soil. At the altitude range of 1 780-2 200 m, soil pH values showed a gradual decreasing trend. The average contents of soil organic matters were relatively abundant and generally suited for high-quality tobacco cultivation; the average contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were generally at medium and abundant level, however,their rations under the medium level in some tobacco-growing areas were 6.98%,11.63%, 2.33% and 4.65%, respectively; moreover, soil with lower available potassium contents occupied a large proportion, namely 58.14%. [Conclusion] Soil pH values had significant correlation with exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable magnesium, however, they had no significant correlation with other soil nutrients.

Evaluation of Soil Fertility Suitability of Yiliang Tobacco-growing Areas in Yunnan Province

[Objective]This study was conducted to evaluate the soil fertility in Yiliantobacco-growing areas of Hunan Province.[Method]The soil nutrient contents iseven tobacco-growing towns of Yiliang County,Yunnan Province were surveyefrom 2010 to 2013 and integrated soil fertility index（SFI value）was calculated tanalyze the soil fertility suitability in theses areas.[Result]The soil p H,contents oorganic matter,hydrolytic N,rapidly available K and available B were all at an appropriate level,while the contents of rapidly available P,available Mg,available Zand water-soluble Cl-were high.Among them,the contents of available P and water-soluble Cl-had great variation.Finally,the soil fertility suitability of Yiliang tobacco-growing areas was graded based on their SFI values.As a result,20%of thestobacco-growing areas were in Grade I,47.7%in Grade II,29.3%in Grade III1.5%in Grade IV and 1.5%in Grade V.The average SFI was 0.61.From 2010 t2013,the p H value and available Mg content reduced year by year,while the contents of organic matter,hydrolytic N,rapidly available P,rapidly available K,available Zn,available B and water-soluble Cl-were increased.

Dynamic Changes of Tobacco-growing Soil Nutrients and Enzymes After Application of Amelioration Materials

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the improvement effects of different soil amelioration materials such as lime,green manure and bio-organic fertilizer on acidic tobacco-planting soil.[Methods]The dynamic changes of soil pH,soil nutrients and enzyme activity were studied by applying lime,lime+green fertilizer,and lime+green fertilizer+biological organic fertilizer.[Results]①After the application of amelioration materials,the soil pH and available phosphorus content of tobacco-growing soil showed a stepwise change of first increasing and then decreasing,and became stable at 60 d after tobacco transplanting;the soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium content showed a gradual change trend of"high-low-high";and the soil invertase and urease activity showed a gradual change trend of"low-high-low".②To 90 d after tobacco transplanting,the application of amelioration materials increased soil pH by 1.29-1.62 units,and increased organic matter content by 15.21%-20.86%,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content by 6.83%-18.17%,available phosphorus content by 54.15%-217.85%,rapidly available potassium content by 11.42%-30.86%,soil invertase activity by 70.09%-18.93%,and soil urease activity by 64.07%-130.47%.③The combination of lime+green manure+alkaline microbial organic fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of acidic tobacco-growing soil,and the effect of lime+green manure+acid microbial organic fertilizer on acidic soil was the second.[Conclusions]When applying lime,green fertilizer and alkaline bio-organic fertilizer should be applied to achieve sustainable improvement of strongly acidic soil.

Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment in BAT Cooperative Tobacco-growing Areas

Using the method in Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment Handbook of British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership,we assess biodiversity risks and opportunities in BAT and China's cooperative tobacco-growing areas. The assessment results indicate that there are 8 risks and 1 opportunity. Action and monitoring plans have been made for medium and high risks as well as opportunity,to reduce impact on biodiversity.

Study on the Sustainable Development of the Tobacco-growing Area in South Anhui

Based on the actual situation of tobacco production in South Anhui tobacco-growing area,the paper analyzes several major constraints,and discusses several aspects such as tobacco production human resources,production of large-scale cultivation,science and technology service providers,the standardized production management and production security system. The countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development are also put forward to provide a reference for the sustainable development of tobacco-growing area in South Anhui.

Study on Chemical Characteristics of Rainfall in Tobacco-Growing Regions of Chenzhou, Hunan Province

In order to clarify the chemical properties of rainfall in typical tobacco areas in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, and analyze its potential for soil and flue-cured tobacco planting, rainfall samples in 2020 were collected by rainfall instruments in Fangyuan Town and Aoquan Town of Guiyang County, and the chemical properties that are closely related to the quality of flue-cured tobacco were determined, such as pH, EC, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (), ammonium nitrogen () and ion concentrations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, , Al3+, , Cl−,). The results show that the pH values of rainfall samples at Fangyuan and Aoquan monitoring sites are in the range of 4.92 - 6.17 and 4.93 - 5.69 respectively, with an average of 5.27 and 5.27 respectively. The acid rain characteristic is very obvious, which is mainly dominated by . The variation of rainfall EC has seasonal characteristics. EC is low from January to September, in the range of 6.09 - 56.72 and 11.83 - 30.93 μS/cm respectively, besides, it is high from October to December, in the range of 102.63 - 174.60 and 25.05 - 86.37 μS/cm respectively. The annual deposition of TN was 22.19 and 20.76 kg/hm2/yr respectively, which were higher than that in the western regions with less human disturbance, but lower than or equal to that in the developed agricultural regions in eastern China. The proportion of in the annual deposition of TN was higher than that of at two monitoring sites, with an average of 56.51% and 38.86% respectively. Ammonia volatilization from agricultural activities contributed more to rainfall nitrogen content. The ratios of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen deposition at two monitoring points were 1.84, 1.81, 1.86 and 1.34, 1.46, and 1.29 during the whole year, summer and autumn, winter and spring respectively. The ratio is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The weighted average equivalent concentrations of the main ions at two monitoring sites were 238.88 μeq/L and 211.21 μeq/L respectively, and the orders of the ion concentrations were slightly different. Both the concentrations of and are higher, while Mg2+, and Al3+ are lower. , and are mainly from human activities with a contribution rate between 91.90% and 99.35%. Ca2+ mainly comes from soil and ground dust, besides, Cl− and Mg2+ mainly come from marine sources and K+ mainly comes from terrestrial sources. In general, the acidic rainfall and higher concentration are beneficial to reducing the high pH value of soil in Aoquan tobacco area and improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Higher concentrations of and in rainfall are not conducive to the improvement of flue-cured tobacco quality, because of the high content of soil available sulfur in Chenzhou tobacco area and the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco’s preference for ammonium.

Research on Soil Conservation and Improvement Technology in Zhaoyang District

The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient supply and promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production,this paper comprehensively discussed conservation and improvement techniques of tobacco-growing soil based on existing problems in Zhaoyang District,aiming to provide reference for tobacco-growing soil conservation.

凉山促进烟农增收种植模式调查分析

促进烟农增收是当前烟草行业的一项重要任务,全国大部分产区均开展了促进烟农增收工作的探索。本文通过调查分析了凉山烟区以烟为主的不同种植模式。调查发现,凉山烟区主要有烤烟-水稻、烤烟-大麦、烤烟-小麦、烤烟-苦荞麦、烤烟-油菜、烤烟-秋豌豆、烤烟-光叶紫花苕、烤烟-大蒜、烤烟-玉米、烤烟-结球甘蓝、烤烟-芜菁等种植模式。由于不同市县烟区海拔、气候条件及生产习惯等不同,不同种植模式分布区域有所不同。不同种植模式经济效益差别较大,最高可达2000元/667m^2以上,最低仅为200元/667m^2左右。不同种植模式均具有较好的社会效益和生态效益。在综合分析不同种植模式经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的基础上,提出了适宜凉山水旱轮作区和旱地轮作区以烟为主的促进烟农增收种植模式。

烟农合作社引入农业职业经理人的制约因素及对策研究

职业经理人在弥补烟农合作社管理能力缺口、促进合作社精益化生产、增加烟农合作社收益水平等方面具有显著优势,但当前引入职业经理人存在的障碍主要包括:市场机制不健全、选拔与培训机制不完善、激励与约束机制不足、合作社治理结构复杂以及相互间信任度不够等。针对问题,本文提出应提升农业职业经理人政策保障和扶持力度、制定农业职业经理人市场竞争的统一标准、加强农业职业经理人理论知识和实践经验的培育、构建农业职业经理人契约制度与激励机制。

现代烟草农业背景下烟农的意愿和行为特征——基于豫中烟区1920户烟农问卷调查分析

采取问卷调查的方式,以豫中烟区为对象,在推进现代烟草农业建设的背景下,分析了烟农年龄结构、文化程度、种植意愿及相关行为特征,从烟农视角查找制约现代烟草农业发展的障碍因素。结果表明:目前多数烟农年龄大、文化程度低,烟叶生产仍受制于小农生产方式,种烟劳动强度大,品种抗病能力差,生产基础设施薄弱,风险救助滞后,比较效益不高等。在此基础上提出了发展现代烟草农业的对策建议,即培养新型烟农,推动土地合理流转,加快烟用机械研发和推广,夯实生产基础设施建设,推进专业化分工,建立健全科技创新与推广体系,建立和完善生产宏观调控体系。

烟农专业合作社风险管理机制构建

在实地调研的基础上对湖南省烟农专业合作社服务经营过程中存在的风险进行识别,对政策、法律、自然、市场、经营、财务等风险进行分析,通过风险评估图来评估风险的概率和影响程度,提出风险规避、风险控制、风险转移和风险补偿等应对策略加强我国烟农专业合作社的风险管理水平,构建一套识别、分析、评估、应对风险的管理机制。

湖南烟农专业合作社的建设现状及发展趋势

通过总结梳理近年来湖南省烟农合作社的建设情况,阐述了烟农合作社的主要建设特点以及建设中存在的问题,探讨了合作社发展趋势。针对湖南省烟农合作社建设中存在的问题,提出了"一社两场三主体,六统两分一中心"的建设模式和"社内统管、按队核算"的运行方式,全面提升烟农合作社的建设质量。合作社建设将进入数量和质量并重的新阶段,多要素合作、烟叶合作联社以及综合服务型合作社将成为烟农合作社发展的新趋势。

烟农合作社财务管理规范化研究——基于利益相关者视角

财务管理是维护社员经济利益的重要基础,是促进合作社规范运行的根本保证,也是合作社有效利用财政资金的必然要求。但通过问卷调查和实地走访烟农合作社的利益相关者(包括政府、烟草部门、村委会、合作社社员、烟农以及金融机构)发现,由于合作社尚处于起步阶段,造血功能不强,功能定位不明确,资产产权不明晰,管理人员素质低等因素,导致合作社财务管理环节薄弱:会计核算不完整、资产管护漏洞大、盈余分配不合理、税收管理不规范、财务风险管理有待加强。最后针对以上出现的一系列问题提出了相关对策建议,旨在促进烟农合作社财务管理的规范化发展。

现代烟草农业背景下烟农种植烤烟意愿影响因素分析——以河南省为例

基于河南省14个种烟县(市)604户烟农调查问卷,运用Logit模型对烟农种烟意愿影响因素进行了计量分析。结果表明:烟农年龄、所处地貌、家庭种烟劳动力人数、种烟时间、种烟收入占全部收入的比例、是否进行轮作、对烟草公司技术服务满意度、参加烟叶种植保险、烟叶收购站的服务等因素对烟农种烟意愿有正的影响,而烟农性别、受教育程度、资金投入难问题、烟田基础设施、有密集烤房数量、参加烟农专业合作社等因素不对烟农种烟意愿产生影响。

烟农专业合作社建设与绿色烟叶发展探讨

烟农专业合作社是新型现代烟草农业生产组织方式,发展绿色烟叶是我国提高烟叶安全性的重要措施,发展绿色烟叶必须转变传统生产方式。构建烟农专业合作社与绿色烟草互促共进的发展机制,探索烟农专业合作社在绿色烟叶发展中的作用,对于推动绿色烟叶的发展,促进烟叶标准化生产,打造"生态、特色、安全、优质"烟叶品牌具有重要作用。该研究分析了烟农专业合作社建设对于发展绿色烟叶的优势及面临的困难,提出了烟农专业合作社促进绿色烟叶发展的对策。

烟农专业合作社资产管护机制研究——基于湖南省郴州市的调查

通过实地调研,对湖南省郴州市烟叶生产基础设施建设和使用现状进行阐述,针对烟农专业合作社资产(主要指烟草补贴投入的烘烤、育苗工场、农机具等可经营性资产)管护存在责任主体不明、制度执行不力、资产闲置、管护资金不足等问题,提出通过建立管护组织结构、明确管护资金的来源、加强设施综合利用等措施,构建资产管护长效机制,保证烟基设施高效运行、发挥持久效益。

烟农参与专业化烘烤的意愿及影响因素分析

利用logistic回归模型对重庆市武隆县烟农参与专业化烘烤的意愿度及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,影响参与专业化烘烤意愿的因素包括烟农中非农人口比例、烤烟收入占家庭收入的比例和烟农对专业化的了解程度。根据研究结果,提出烟叶生产管理部门和各地政府应加强对专业化烘烤的宣传,使烟农更了解专业化烘烤的优势,提高其参与专业化烘烤的积极性。