Long-Term Clinical Effect of Tangyiping Granules(糖异平颗粒)on Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Objective： To evaluate the long-term clinical effect of Tangyiping Granules（糖异平颗粒, TYP） on patients with impaired glucose tolerance（IGT） to achieve normal glucose tolerance（NGT） and hence preventing them from conversion to diabetes mellitus（DM）. Methods： In total, 127 participants with IGT were randomly assigned to the control（63 cases, 3 lost to follow-up） and treatment groups（64 cases, 4 lost to follow-up） according to the random number table. The control group received lifestyle intervention alone, while the patients in the treatment group took orally 10 g of TYP twice daily in addition to lifestyle intervention for 12 weeks. The rates of patients achieving NGT or experiencing conversion to DM as main outcome measure were observed at 3, 12, and 24 months after TYP treatment. The secondary outcome measures included fasting plasma glucose（FPG）, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose（2h PG）, glycosylated hemoglobin（Hb A1c）, fasting insulin（FINS）, 2-h insulin（2hI NS）, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR）, blood lipid and patients＇ complains of Chinese medicine（CM） symptoms before and after treatment. Results： A higher proportion of the treatment group achieved NGT compared with the control group after 3-, 12- and 24-month follow-up（75.00% vs. 43.33%, 58.33% vs. 35.00%, 46.67% vs. 26.67%, respectively, P〈0.05）. The IGT to DM conversion rate of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the end of 24-month follow-up（16.67% vs. 31.67%, P〈0.05）. Before treatment, FPG, 2h PG, Hb A1 c, FINS, 2h INS, HOMA-IR, triglyceride（TG）, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had no statistical difference between the two groups（P〉0.05）. After treatment, the 2hP G, HbA 1c, HOMA-IR, and TG levels of the treatment group decreased significantly compared with those of the control group（P〈0.05）. CM symptoms such as exhaustion, irritability, chest tightness and breathless, spontaneous sweating, constipation, and dark thick and greasy tongue were significantly improved in the treatment group as compared with the control group（P〈0.05）. No severe adverse events occurred. Conclusion： TYP administered at the IGT stage with a disciplined lifestyle delayed IGT developing into type 2 DM.

Tolerance Granulation Based Community Detection Algorithm

Community structure is one of the most important features in real networks and reveals the internal organization of the vertices. Uncovering accurate community structure is effective for understanding and exploiting networks. Tolerance Granulation based Community Detection Algorithm(TGCDA) is proposed in this paper, which uses tolerance relation(namely tolerance granulation) to granulate a network hierarchically. Firstly, TGCDA relies on the tolerance relation among vertices to form an initial granule set. Then granules in this set which satisfied granulation coefficient are hierarchically merged by tolerance granulation operation. The process is finished till the granule set includes one granule. Finally, select a granule set with maximum granulation criterion to handle overlapping vertices among some granules. The overlapping vertices are merged into corresponding granules based on their degrees of affiliation to realize the community partition of complex networks. The final granules are regarded as communities so that the granulation for a network is actually the community partition of the network.Experiments on several datasets show our algorithm is effective and it can identify the community structure more accurately. On real world networks, TGCDA achieves Normalized Mutual Information(NMI) accuracy 17.55% higher than NFA averagely and on synthetic random networks, the NMI accuracy is also improved. For some networks which have a clear community structure, TGCDA is more effective and can detect more accurate community structure than other algorithms.