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Development and Validation of QuEChERS Method for Estimation of Propamocarb Residues in Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>Mill) and Soil 被引量:1
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作者 Sanjay Kumar Sahoo Raminderjit Singh Battu Balwinder Singh 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2011年第8期26-31,共6页
An easy, simple and efficient analytical method was standardized and validated for the estimation of residues of propamocarb in tomato and soil. QuEChERS method included extraction of the sample with ethyl acetate and... An easy, simple and efficient analytical method was standardized and validated for the estimation of residues of propamocarb in tomato and soil. QuEChERS method included extraction of the sample with ethyl acetate and cleanup by treatment with PSA and graphatised carbon. Final clear extracts of ethyl acetate were concentrated under vacuum to almost dryness and reconstituted into hexane. The residues of propamocarbwere estimated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Propamocarb presented a distinct peak at retention time of 8.962 min. Consistent recoveries of propamocarb ranging from 87 to 92 percent were observed when samples were spiked at 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mg·kg–1 levels. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method was determined to be 0.10 mg·kg–1. 展开更多
关键词 QuEChERS PROPAMOCARB tomato soil GC-MS
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Effect of Saline Water Application through Different Irrigation Intervals on Tomato Yield and Soil Properties 被引量:2
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作者 Mahmoud Rahil Hajaj Hajjeh Alia Qanadillo 《Open Journal of Soil Science》 2013年第3期143-147,共5页
A field study was conducted on the experimental farm of ministry of agriculture, located at Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, to investigate the effects of saline water irrigation through three irrigation inter... A field study was conducted on the experimental farm of ministry of agriculture, located at Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, to investigate the effects of saline water irrigation through three irrigation intervals on yield of tomato crop and soil properties. The land was prepared and divided into 12 treatments, each of 48 square meters on the first of April. Tomato seedlings were planted on 25 April 2010;the seedlings were irrigated with fresh water for a period of 10 days after planting. Three levels of saline water irrigation (3, 5, 7 dS/m) plus fresh water as control were applied during the growing season. The four irrigation water treatments were applied through three irrigation intervals (every day, every second day and every three days). Gravimetric soil moisture content and soil electrical conductivity were monitored every two weeks during the growing period. Yield measurements were taken for total fruit yield, marketable yield as a percent of total yield, and average fruit weight of each treatment. Results of this study indicated that, plant treatments irrigated with saline water gave the highest yield for treatments irrigated every day compared to the treatments irrigated every second day and every three days. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in yield reduction between every second day and every three days irrigation intervals under 5 and 7 dS/m saline irrigation levels, while there was no significant difference between irrigation intervals under 3 dS/m salinity level. 展开更多
关键词 SALINE Water IRRIGATION INTERVAL soil tomato Electrical CONDUCTIVITY
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Effect of Fertilization on Tomato Bacterial Wilt Biocontrolling and Soil Health Restoration Using FAME Analysis 被引量:4
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作者 ZHUANGXue-ying CAIYan-fei +2 位作者 ZHAOSu-qing LIAOZong-wen HECheng-xin 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2003年第7期779-785,共7页
The effect of applying biological organic fertilizer(BOF)on bacterial wilt incidence of tomato and soil microbial community under continuous cropping was studied. The results showed that all the tomatoes were infected... The effect of applying biological organic fertilizer(BOF)on bacterial wilt incidence of tomato and soil microbial community under continuous cropping was studied. The results showed that all the tomatoes were infected by bacterial wilt in the control. The infection rates of tomatoes in the treatments with un-composted BOF and decomposed BOF were 55 and 50% respectively. Fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)analysis indicated soil microbial community changed sensitively after applying BOF. Soil FAME total content, relative fungi content and ratio of fungi to bacteria were significantly increased in both BOF treatments. The soil odd-number fatty acid proportion changed after applying BOF, aC15 : 0, iC17 : 0 decreased, while cyC17 : 0 increased in soil odd-number fatty acid proportion. BOF application would strengthen soil health and disease suppression. The content of C16 : 1 11c in soil microbial community was obviously increased after decomposed BOF application. It indicated that the growth of AM fungi could be enhanced with decomposed BOF application. FAME microbial biomarkers could be used for an indicator of soil health and disease suppression. Odd-number fatty acid proportion was a sensitive indicator of the effect of applying un-composted and decomposed BOF respectively on soil health regulating. 展开更多
关键词 tomato Biological organic fertilizer Bacterial wilt soil health FAME
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The Different Expressions of Draft Cherry Tomato Growth, Yield, Quality under Bamboo and Rice Husk Biochars Application to Clay Loamy Soil 被引量:1
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作者 Tran Thi Thu Hien Yoshiyuki Shinogi Tomoyuki Taniguchi 《Agricultural Sciences》 2017年第9期934-948,共15页
This study evaluated the different expressions of cherry tomato growth, yield and quality under bamboo and rice husk biochar applications to soil. The experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions at Hakozaki c... This study evaluated the different expressions of cherry tomato growth, yield and quality under bamboo and rice husk biochar applications to soil. The experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions at Hakozaki campus, Kyushu University, Japan and consisted of 5 treatments, namely 1) no biochar application as a control;2) 2% (RH2) and 3) 5% (RH5) of rice husk biochar;4) 2% (BB2) and 5) 5% (BB5) of bamboo biochar. Bamboo biochar application significantly improved tomato growth, including number of leaves, fresh biomass yield of aboveground and underground parts for BB5;number of fruit;fresh yield from 24% - 25% for BB2 and BB5. In particular, both bamboo and rice husk biochar application at two rates 2% and 5% had positive effects on tomato quality, demonstrated by the increased total sugar content from 56% to 91%, and the enhancement of ascorbic acid content for BB2 and RH2 by 12% and 17%, respectively. Those improvements reflected the soil physiochemical property changes after biochar application, including the increase in plant available water for bamboo biochar amendment before and after cultivating by 25% - 38% and 9% - 18%, respectively, compared with those of control;and the increased total soil N for bamboo biochar treatments (11% - 14%). Generally, all data above support bamboo biochar utilization for the purpose of improving soil properties and developing crop production. 展开更多
关键词 BAMBOO Rice Husk soil Available Water soil N tomato
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Effect of organic fertilizers used in sandy soil on the growth of tomatoes 被引量:1
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作者 Yongxia Hou Xiaojun Hu +2 位作者 Wenting Yan Shuhong Zhang Libin Niu 《Agricultural Sciences》 2013年第5期31-34,共4页
In order to reveal the regulating capacity of organic fertilizers on sandy soil, pots experiments were carried out. The growth of tomatoes planted on sandy soil amended by organic fertilizers was measured. Organic fer... In order to reveal the regulating capacity of organic fertilizers on sandy soil, pots experiments were carried out. The growth of tomatoes planted on sandy soil amended by organic fertilizers was measured. Organic fertilizers can be helpful to improve the plant height, stem diameter, the aerial parts fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf photosynthetic rates and photosynthesis, and lay a good foundation for the growth of ??tomatoes. The effect of organic fertilizer is the most significant. Among all the treatments of adding 2.5%, 5%, 10% organic fertilizers, adding 10% organic fertilizers are the best. It can significantly enhance the growth and photosynthesis of tomatoes, and it is among the best of these three soil treatments for sandy soil. 展开更多
关键词 SANDY soil ORGANIC Fertilizers PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE tomato
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Bio-Compost as a Soil Supplement to Improve Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)
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作者 Hamidatu S. Darimani Abdulai Adams +2 位作者 Abdul Basit Abudul Rahaman James Nwang Rachad Yunus 《Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment》 2022年第2期67-82,共16页
Tomato is one of the most important fruit crops in the world which is consumed in a variety of ways. The high cost of chemical fertilizers has led to some farmers turning to alternative methods of production, such as ... Tomato is one of the most important fruit crops in the world which is consumed in a variety of ways. The high cost of chemical fertilizers has led to some farmers turning to alternative methods of production, such as the use of bio-fertilizers. Most organic waste may be changed into fertilizer at a low cost of production. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the effect of the application of bio-compost on growth, yield, and quality of tomato;2) to determine the effects of different bio-compost applications on growth, yield and quality of tomato. The field was marked out into eight blocks. It consisted of four treatments with two replications per treatment. The bio-fertilizer was applied to plots and incorporated into the soil. This study showed that the application of bio-fertilizers made from food waste only, cow dung only, and food waste and cow dung improved plant growth, number of leaves, plant height and fruit yield. However, the differences were not statistically significant except for the number of leaves. The study also revealed that the application of bio-fertilizer lowered the number of days to flowering, fruiting, and ripening by 50% as compared to the control group. Promoting the adoption and use of bio-compost made from different waste stream hold the promise to increase tomato production. 展开更多
关键词 BIO-FERTILIZER Food Waste Cow Dung tomato soil Supplement
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Effects of Different Planting Years on Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in Soil of Rice-Cherry Tomato Rotation
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作者 Xiao Deng Chunyuan Wu +2 位作者 Yi Li Huadong Tan Jiancheng Su 《Open Journal of Ecology》 2023年第6期334-344,共11页
Crop rotation periodicity has always been one of the research focuses currently. In this study, the physicochemical properties, nutrient contents and enzyme activities were investigated in soils from rice-cherry tomat... Crop rotation periodicity has always been one of the research focuses currently. In this study, the physicochemical properties, nutrient contents and enzyme activities were investigated in soils from rice-cherry tomato rotation for one year (1a), three years (3a), five years (5a), seven years (7a) and ten years (10a), respectively. The major objective was to analyze the optimal rotation years of rice-cherry tomato from soil perspective, so as to provide theoretical basis for effectively avoiding continuous cropping obstacles of cherry tomato via studying the response characteristics of soil physicochemical properties, nutrient contents and enzyme activities to planting years of rice-cherry tomato rotation system. The results were as follows: 1) Soil pH value was increased year by year during 1a to 5a, reached the highest value 5.32 at 5a. However, soil acidity was sharply enhanced during 7a to 10a (P P •kg<sup>-1</sup> at 5a. 3) The content of soil available phosphorus was increased year by year with increasing of crop rotation years, and increased by 110% to 173% during 3a to 10a (P P P < 0.05). In conclusion, long-term single rotation pattern of rice-cherry tomato would aggravate soil acidification, prompt soil nutrient imbalance and reduce soil enzyme activity. 5a to 7a would be the appropriate rotation period for rice-cherry tomato, or else it would reduce soil quality, resulting in a new continuous cropping obstacle of cherry tomato. 展开更多
关键词 Rice-Cherry tomato Rotation Planting Years soil Physicochemical Properties Enzyme Activity
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Integrated Soil Fertility Management: Impact of <i>Mucuna</i>and <i>Tithonia</i>Biomass on Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>L.) Performance in Smallholder Farming Systems
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作者 Christopher Ngosong Priscilla M. Mfombep +1 位作者 Akeme C. Njume Aaron S. Tening 《Agricultural Sciences》 2015年第10期1176-1186,共11页
Many views, paradigms and concepts have been advocated in recent decades on soil fertility and soil conservation across the globe in order to provide sustainable solutions to the rising food and nutrition insecurity w... Many views, paradigms and concepts have been advocated in recent decades on soil fertility and soil conservation across the globe in order to provide sustainable solutions to the rising food and nutrition insecurity while preserving the natural resource base. Meanwhile, food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is mainly achieved through smallholder farming systems that are characterized by poor and declining soil fertility, which often leads to low crop yields and low income. Hence, a field trial was established to evaluate the impact of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) practices on tomato yield and the farm-scale income in smallholder farming systems. The ISFM trial comprised a control with no input, mineral fertilizer, and organic treatments comprising sole Mucuna and Tithonia biomasses as well as their combination (Mucuna + Tithonia). Generally, tomato performance was better with organic plant biomass amendments, with significantly higher (P Mucuna + Tithonia and sole Tithonia, followed by sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer compared to the control. Meanwhile in comparison to the control, Mucuna + Tithonia and sole Tithonia recorded 3.5 and 3.4 t ha-1 more yield, respectively, which was about twice the additional yield for sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer with 1.8 and 1.5 t ha-1, respectively (Tukey’s HSD, P Mucuna + Tithonia and sole Tithonia, followed by sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer, as compared to the control (Tukey’s HSD, P P P Mucuna + Tithonia biomass materials or their sole applications as basal mulch to improve tomato production. Thus, these organic amendments could be an alternative and sustainable integrated soil fertility management strategy to boost tomato production and farm-scale income without jeopardizing the sustainability of the environment. However, this requires more efforts to adapt the different ISFM techniques to the specific needs of smallholder farmers, coupled with effective dissemination strategies that facilitate knowledge transfer and technology adoption. 展开更多
关键词 INTEGRATED soil Fertility Management MUCUNA Tithonia Mineral Fertilizer tomato
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The effects of aerated irrigation on soil respiration, oxygen, and porosity 被引量:8
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作者 ZHU Yan Miles Dyck +2 位作者 CAI Huan-jie SONG Li-bing CHEN Hui 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第12期2854-2868,共15页
To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The obje... To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration(SR), air-filled porosity(AFP), soil temperature(ST), and oxygen concentrations(OCC). Total soil respiration(TSR), biological activity temperature index(BAT), and soil oxygen consumption(OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, BAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI(CK), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with CK, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP(by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS(by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively)(P<0.05). Mean fruit yield with AI treatment was also 23% higher(P<0.05) than that with CK. When BAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the CK treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and BAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons(higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI. 展开更多
关键词 aerated IRRIGATION soil RESPIRATION soil OXYGEN yield tomato
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Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Small-Sized Tomatoes 被引量:2
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作者 Takamitsu Kai Shunya Nishimori Masahiko Tamaki 《Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment》 2020年第3期121-133,共13页
Tomatoes in Japan are generally cultivated under management systems that use chemical fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides. However, the continuous use of these fertilizers and pesticides damages the soil env... Tomatoes in Japan are generally cultivated under management systems that use chemical fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides. However, the continuous use of these fertilizers and pesticides damages the soil environment and reduces the number of soil microorganisms. Organic farming has a relatively low environmental impact compared to conventional farming techniques, but typically has lower and more unstable yields. In this study, we investigated the effect of organic and chemical fertilizer application on growth, yield, and quality of small-sized (cherry) tomatoes. Cherry tomatoes were cultivated using organic and chemical organic fertilizers. Average weight and lateral diameter were significantly higher under organic fertilizer than under chemical fertilizer. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. Lycopene content was significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. The total carbon (TC), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphoric (SP) and exchangeable potassium (SK) contents, C/N ratio, and pH were significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. Bacterial biomass, nitrite (NO</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">? 2</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-N) oxidation activity, nitrification (N) circulation activity, and phosphoric (P) circulation were higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. From these results, the study indicates that appropriate controls such as TC, total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio of organic fertilizer increased microbial biomass and enhanced nutrient circulation such as N circulation activity and P circulation activity. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">These results can be used to improve current organic farming practices and promote soil conservation. 展开更多
关键词 Small-Sized tomato Organic Fertilizer soil Microorganisms soil Fertility Agricultural Environment Environmental Conservation
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香葱伴生番茄对青枯病及根际微生态特征的影响 被引量:1
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作者 佘小漫 姚挺 +1 位作者 黄真珍 何自福 《广东农业科学》 CAS 2024年第1期10-20,共11页
【目的】为明确香葱伴生对番茄青枯病及根际微生态特征的影响,揭示香葱伴生番茄降低青枯病发病率的机理。【方法】通过田间试验设置番茄单作和香葱伴生番茄2个处理,分别采集单作发病番茄(QK)、单作健康番茄(NBS)和香葱伴生番茄(BS)的根... 【目的】为明确香葱伴生对番茄青枯病及根际微生态特征的影响,揭示香葱伴生番茄降低青枯病发病率的机理。【方法】通过田间试验设置番茄单作和香葱伴生番茄2个处理,分别采集单作发病番茄(QK)、单作健康番茄(NBS)和香葱伴生番茄(BS)的根际土壤,应用16S rDNA高通量测序和液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术,探究香葱伴生对番茄根际微生态特征的影响。【结果】田间试验结果表明,番茄单作处理和香葱伴生番茄处理的青枯病平均病株率分别为50.48、31.43%,香葱伴生番茄处理对番茄青枯病的防治效果为37.74%。16S rDNA高通量测序结果表明,BS、NBS根际土壤细菌群落相对丰度和多样性均显著高于QK;与QK相比,BS和NBS根际土壤细菌茄科雷尔氏菌属相对丰度显著降低,而芽孢杆菌属相对丰度升高;与NBS相比,BS根际土壤细菌茄科雷尔氏菌属相对丰度降低,芽孢杆菌属相对丰度显著提高。利用LC-MS技术共鉴定出番茄根际土壤代谢物586种,其中正离子模式代谢物320种,负离子模式代谢物266种,并将代谢物的功能注释至新陈代谢、遗传信息加工和环境信息加工等代谢通路;与NBS相比,BS根际土壤代谢物中的缬氨酸、L-天冬酰胺和柠檬酸的含量均显著降低,L-赖氨酸、谷氨酸、D-谷氨酰胺和异亮氨酸的含量也低于NBS,但差异未达到显著水平。【结论】香葱伴生番茄显著降低番茄青枯病田间发病率,改变了番茄根际土壤中细菌群落结构和番茄根际土壤代谢物含量。 展开更多
关键词 香葱伴生 番茄青枯病 根际土壤细菌 根际土壤代谢物 防效
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绿农林^(®)41复合微生物菌肥对番茄枯萎病发生和根际土壤 真菌群落的影响
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作者 汪军 李晓霞 +8 位作者 刘建 李得铭 邓涛 郭立佳 黄俊生 杨扬 杨腊英 周游 符红文 《热带作物学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第11期2416-2426,共11页
探究绿农林^(®)复合微生物菌肥、番茄枯萎病发生和土壤真菌群落结构的关系,为合理应用微生物制剂绿色防控番茄枯萎病提供理论依据。以往年番茄枯萎病严重发生地块为试验地,分别设置4个处理,清水对照(CK)、绿农林^(®)41复合微... 探究绿农林^(®)复合微生物菌肥、番茄枯萎病发生和土壤真菌群落结构的关系,为合理应用微生物制剂绿色防控番茄枯萎病提供理论依据。以往年番茄枯萎病严重发生地块为试验地,分别设置4个处理,清水对照(CK)、绿农林^(®)41复合微生物菌肥(LNL41)、菌肥营养基质(NS)和复合微生物(CM),测定根际土壤养分含量、植株生长、土壤呼吸速率、枯萎病发病率;采用18S rDNA测序技术,探究施用LNL41条件下番茄枯萎病发生及根际土壤真菌群落结构的差异。结果表明:各处理中以LNL41处理效果最显著。LNL41和CM处理的番茄根际土壤中有机质和速效磷含量显著高于其他处理;与对照比较,LNL41、CM和NS处理的株高、茎围、叶面积、光合作用、叶绿素、产量和水溶性糖增幅分别达8.87%~34.71%、15.93%~67.62%、13.37%~52.88%、3.17%~12.55%、3.20%~20.49%、4.38%~19.53%、0.46%~8.79%;LNL41处理的采收期番茄根系土壤呼吸速率提高59.52%,不同生长期的发病率达2.33%~16.33%,防效达80.50%~90.83%;根际土壤真菌属水平Ace指数和Chao1指数分别提高了26.97%~57.71%、24.89%~56.00%,CM处理的多样性指标Simpson指数和Shannon指数明显提高了25.75%~29.45%、39.04%~49.13%,而NS处理的多样性指标有所下降;LNL41处理的肉座菌科和木霉属分别为排名前5的优势科和属(丰度均为8.56%);4个处理中Trichoderma分别与Cladosporium、Uwebraunia、Aureobasidium和Fusarium丰度相似,与Aspergillus和Alternaria呈正相关。LNL41处理的Chao1指数与有机质、速效磷、速效钾和土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关关系,与盐度和发病率呈显著负相关关系。LNL41处理的腐生营养型功能类群丰度增加了0.92~11.15个百分点,plant pathogen下降了2.55个百分点,endophyte下降了7.95个百分点,而施用NS和CM的处理只有2个功能类群丰度上升。LNL41能显著改善土壤养分比例,进而改善土壤真菌群落结构和功能特性,激发真菌群落腐生营养型功能,促进番茄生长,减少枯萎病的发病率。 展开更多
关键词 绿农林^(®)复合微生物菌肥 番茄枯萎病 土壤真菌群落结构 功能
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设施番茄废弃物连续还田对温室土壤质量的影响
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作者 孙小妹 车江伟 +5 位作者 王利 蔡兴栋 徐发明 俞兆鹏 白彭彭 杨晓妮 《干旱地区农业研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期221-228,272,共9页
为探究设施蔬菜废弃物原位还田对土壤质量的影响,于2020—2022年设定番茄废弃物不还田(CK)、番茄废弃物原位还田1 a(TRR1)、番茄废弃物连续原位还田2 a(TRR2)、番茄废弃物连续原位还田3 a(TRR3)共4个处理,分析其对土壤理化性状及微生物... 为探究设施蔬菜废弃物原位还田对土壤质量的影响,于2020—2022年设定番茄废弃物不还田(CK)、番茄废弃物原位还田1 a(TRR1)、番茄废弃物连续原位还田2 a(TRR2)、番茄废弃物连续原位还田3 a(TRR3)共4个处理,分析其对土壤理化性状及微生物数量的影响。结果表明:番茄废弃物还田使土壤pH值显著下降,土壤电导率和有机质含量随番茄废弃物的持续还田而显著增加。与对照相比,番茄废弃物持续原位还田处理使土壤速效磷和速效钾含量分别平均提高11.41%和31.40%;土壤脲酶活性变化不显著,TRR1、TRR2、TRR3处理土壤蔗糖酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性较对照分别显著提高22.12%、30.46%、44.23%和17.90%、17.03%、11.08%。TRR3处理土壤细菌和放线菌数量显著高于其他处理,番茄成熟期TRR3处理分别比CK、TRR1和TRR2处理土壤细菌数量显著提高51.07%、61.21%和61.02%,土壤放线菌数量显著提高41.40%、20.61%和29.60%。土壤真菌数量和根结线虫数量随还田年限的增加而显著下降,其中TRR1、TRR2和TRR3处理根结线虫数量分别较CK降低30.14%、50.89%和81.70%。土壤质量指数分析结果表明,番茄废弃物还田使土壤质量从Ⅱ级提升为Ⅰ级,可作为管理蔬菜废弃物的环境友好型新策略。 展开更多
关键词 设施番茄 废弃物还田 还田年限 土壤特性 土壤质量
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基于产量和N_(2)O排放的温室番茄灌溉模式 被引量:1
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作者 段琳博 蔡焕杰 +2 位作者 孙亚楠 马静 杨楠 《农业环境科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期202-213,共12页
为了揭示设施菜地N_(2)O排放的变化规律,了解水肥气耦合对设施菜地土壤N_(2)O的影响,对不同水肥气处理进行综合评价,提出合理的减排措施。试验以番茄为供试作物,设置了灌水水平(I)、施肥水平(F)和加气水平(A)3个因素,以不加气(CK)充分... 为了揭示设施菜地N_(2)O排放的变化规律,了解水肥气耦合对设施菜地土壤N_(2)O的影响,对不同水肥气处理进行综合评价,提出合理的减排措施。试验以番茄为供试作物,设置了灌水水平(I)、施肥水平(F)和加气水平(A)3个因素,以不加气(CK)充分灌溉条件下2个施肥水平为对照,设置I1和I2(分别为亏缺灌溉和充分灌溉,对应作物-皿系数(K_(cp))分别为0.8和1.0)2个灌水水平,F1和F2(分别为低肥和高肥,对应施氮量为180 kg·hm^(-2)和240 kg·hm^(-2))2个施肥水平,A1和A2(分别为1倍气和2倍气)2个加气水平,共10个处理。采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对番茄全生育期N_(2)O排放进行监测分析,系统研究水肥气耦合对温室番茄土壤N_(2)O排放的影响及其影响因素。结果表明:灌水量和施肥量的增加均会增加土壤N_(2)O排放通量,I2处理的N_(2)O排放通量比I1处理平均增加14.79%(P>0.05),F2处理比F1处理平均增加34.90%(P<0.05)。加气灌溉对土壤N_(2)O排放通量有显著影响,与CK处理相比,A1和A2处理分别增加10.02%(P>0.05)和62.92%(P<0.05)。土壤N_(2)O排放通量与土壤充水孔隙度呈指数正相关关系,与NO_(3)^(-)-N含量呈指数正相关关系,当土壤温度小于等于26℃时,N_(2)O排放通量与土壤湿度呈指数正相关关系,土壤温度大于26℃时,呈线性负相关关系。综合考虑番茄产量、N_(2)O累积排放量、灌溉水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和单产N_(2)O累积排放量,推荐施肥量为180 kg·hm^(-2)的1倍气充分灌溉(K_(cp)=1.0)为温室番茄增产、节水、减排的较佳灌溉模式。 展开更多
关键词 N_(2)O排放 水肥气耦合 温室番茄 土壤 灌水量 施肥量
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番茄连作障碍土壤微生物研究进展
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作者 郭佳瑶 龙健 +1 位作者 李娟 廖洪凯 《生态科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期251-259,共9页
近年来,番茄连作障碍是制约番茄产业可持续发展的重要因素,其起因多而复杂,给番茄障碍的防治带来极大的困难。土壤微生物是导致番茄连作障碍的主要因素,其群落结构变化影响着土壤质量与作物生长。因此,文章从土壤微生物的角度,结合国内... 近年来,番茄连作障碍是制约番茄产业可持续发展的重要因素,其起因多而复杂,给番茄障碍的防治带来极大的困难。土壤微生物是导致番茄连作障碍的主要因素,其群落结构变化影响着土壤质量与作物生长。因此,文章从土壤微生物的角度,结合国内外番茄连作障碍研究进展,概述病原菌对番茄生长的危害,并结合当前农艺措施、施肥措施、杀菌剂、熏蒸及厌氧措施、微生物措施、拮抗育种措施、综合治理措施等防治手段,概述了上述措施在缓解番茄连作障碍过程中对土壤微生物群落结构影响的研究进展,为未来番茄连作障碍的进一步研究及防治提供良好的技术支撑与展望。 展开更多
关键词 番茄 土壤微生物 措施
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化肥减量配施有机肥对樱桃番茄土壤生物学特性及产量、品质的影响 被引量:2
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作者 汪自松 秦玉秀 +2 位作者 沈伟 王涛涛 刘正鲁 《中国土壤与肥料》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期58-64,共7页
研究化肥减量配施有机肥对土壤酶和微生物以及樱桃番茄生长发育、产量与品质的影响,以明确樱桃番茄在南方黄壤下对化肥减量配施有机肥的响应,为樱桃番茄高产优质生产技术及土壤培肥提供参考。以樱桃番茄为研究对象,在施用菌棒有机肥5.0 ... 研究化肥减量配施有机肥对土壤酶和微生物以及樱桃番茄生长发育、产量与品质的影响,以明确樱桃番茄在南方黄壤下对化肥减量配施有机肥的响应,为樱桃番茄高产优质生产技术及土壤培肥提供参考。以樱桃番茄为研究对象,在施用菌棒有机肥5.0 t/hm^(2)的基础上共设置6个处理,分别为CK(常规施肥)、T1(化肥减量10%)、T2(化肥减量20%)、T3(化肥减量30%)、T4(化肥减量40%)和T5(化肥减量50%)。结果表明:化肥减量配施有机肥分别平均提高了土壤酸性磷酸酶活性8.8%、蔗糖酶活性14.6%和纤维素酶活性31.9%,降低过氧化物酶活性14.9%,而过量减肥(T4、T5)显著降低脲酶活性;化肥减量10%~50%配施有机肥,单穗果数分别增加20.8%、18.3%、17.3%、12.9%和12.7%,产量分别提高10.6%、10.5%、8.4%、0.6%和0.2%;改善樱桃番茄的品质,可溶性糖含量提高了0.9%~8.2%、可溶性固形物含量提高了4.7%~11.3%、维生素C含量提高了1.3%~3.5%,可滴定性酸含量降低了8.5%~12.8%,糖酸比提高了1.0%~2.5%。因此,在常规施肥的基础上化肥减量20~30%,同时配施5.0 t/hm^(2)有机肥为最适宜的养分管理策略。 展开更多
关键词 樱桃番茄 化肥减量 土壤特性 产量 品质
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不同土壤改良措施对胶东酸化设施菜田的改良效果
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作者 管西林 张玉凤 +4 位作者 田慎重 李彦 安连任 边文范 刘玉敏 《中国蔬菜》 北大核心 2024年第10期89-96,共8页
设施菜田表层土壤酸化是限制蔬菜产量、品质提升的重要因素,土壤改良剂以及有机肥的施用是缓解土壤酸化的重要措施。通过在山东海阳开展田间试验,设计对照处理、硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂处理、贝壳粉调理剂处理筛选酸性土壤改良剂,在此基础... 设施菜田表层土壤酸化是限制蔬菜产量、品质提升的重要因素,土壤改良剂以及有机肥的施用是缓解土壤酸化的重要措施。通过在山东海阳开展田间试验,设计对照处理、硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂处理、贝壳粉调理剂处理筛选酸性土壤改良剂,在此基础上设计对照处理以及鸡粪源、牛粪源、粉丝废物源3种不同来源有机肥处理,旨在揭示不同土壤改良剂和不同来源有机肥对设施番茄产量品质的影响,为进一步优化施肥、改良土壤、提升番茄产量品质提供理论依据。结果表明:胶东设施菜田表层土壤有酸化趋势,pH降低0.06个单位,与传统对照处理相比,施用硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂可以平均提高两茬番茄产量12.9%,与番茄果径和单果质量的升高有关,施用硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂和贝壳粉调理剂处理的两茬番茄果实VC含量平均提高15.0%和12.2%。在施用硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂的基础上,鸡粪源有机肥和粉丝废物源有机肥可以平均显著提高两茬番茄产量,增幅分别为15.4%和17.8%,与番茄株高、番茄果径及单果质量的增加有关,粉丝废物源有机肥可以显著提高两茬番茄VC含量14.9%。相关分析表明,0~20 cm土层土壤pH与产量以及植株株高、果实果径、单果质量、果实VC含量显著正相关。综上,硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂配合粉丝废物源有机肥可以缓解设施番茄表层土壤酸化,达到增产提质的目的。 展开更多
关键词 酸化 设施番茄 产量品质 土壤改良
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复合微生物菌肥对番茄青枯病发生和根际土壤细菌群落的影响
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作者 李得铭 徐云龙 +4 位作者 邓涛 周游 杨腊英 黄俊生 汪军 《南方农业学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第9期2641-2652,共12页
【目的】探究复合微生物菌肥与番茄青枯病发生、根际土壤理化性质及土壤细菌群落之间的关系,为合理应用微生物菌肥绿色防控番茄青枯病提供理论依据。【方法】以往年番茄青枯病严重发生地块为试验地,设清水对照(T1)、复合微生物菌肥(T2)... 【目的】探究复合微生物菌肥与番茄青枯病发生、根际土壤理化性质及土壤细菌群落之间的关系,为合理应用微生物菌肥绿色防控番茄青枯病提供理论依据。【方法】以往年番茄青枯病严重发生地块为试验地,设清水对照(T1)、复合微生物菌肥(T2)、菌肥营养基质(T3)和复合微生物(T4)4个处理,测定番茄根际土壤养分含量、番茄植株生长、根系青枯病菌带菌率、青枯病发病率及根际土壤呼吸速率;采用16S rDNA测序技术分析施用复合微生物菌肥后番茄根际土壤细菌群落结构变化。【结果】在番茄采收期测定结果显示,复合微生物菌肥和复合微生物处理的番茄根际土壤中有机质、铵态氮和速效磷含量均高于或显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理;与清水对照相比,复合微生物菌肥、复合微生物和菌肥营养基质处理的番茄株高、茎围、叶面积、光合作用、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、产量和水溶性糖增幅分别为6.82%~27.88%、19.59%~47.40%、2.04%~17.08%、3.88%~11.21%、1.99%~17.15%、9.13%~22.37%和0.45%~5.12%;复合微生物菌肥处理的番茄根系青枯病菌带菌率降至11.11%,土壤呼吸速率较清水对照提高54.05%;与清水对照相比,复合微生物菌肥、复合微生物和菌肥营养基质处理的番茄根际土壤细菌属水平ACE指数和Chao1指数分别提高3.12%~6.64%和4.76%~7.18%,Simpson指数和Shannon指数无显著差异(P>0.05);复合微生物菌肥处理的芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)分别为排名前10的优势目(8.31%)和优势属(6.60%);4个处理中芽孢杆菌属与Christensenellaceae_R-7_group和WCHB1-32的丰度相似,与WCHB1-32、瘤胃梭菌属(Ruminiclostridium_1)、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group和噬几丁质菌科未培养菌属(uncultured_bacterium_f_Chitinophagaceae)正相关,与假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、厌氧绳菌科未培养菌属(uncultured_bacterium_f_Anaerolineaceae)和嗜甲基菌属(Methylophilus)负相关。复合微生物菌肥处理的代谢途径、次生代谢物生物合成、抗生素生物合成和氨基酸生物合成等功能微生物丰度增幅最明显;有机质、速效磷、速效钾、芽孢杆菌属、雷尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)和土壤呼吸速率与抗生素生物合成功能正相关,pH、芽孢杆菌属、雷尔氏菌属和土壤呼吸速率与氨基酸生物合成功能正相关,而盐度和发病率与2项功能负相关。【结论】复合微生物菌肥能显著改良土壤养分比例、改善土壤细菌群落结构和功能特性、提升抗生素生物合成和氨基酸生物合成等功能、促进番茄生长、降低青枯病发病率。复合微生物菌肥500倍稀释液对番茄青枯病的防病促生作用显著,具有良好的应用前景。 展开更多
关键词 复合微生物菌肥 番茄青枯病 土壤细菌群落结构 功能
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生物炭-蚯蚓原位对设施番茄根际微生物和果实代谢的影响 被引量:1
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作者 刘辰熙 王继涛 +3 位作者 尹翠 徐广亚 朱红艳 曹云娥 《干旱地区农业研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期182-196,共15页
为改善设施番茄过量施用化肥、品质和产量下降等问题,采用不同土壤改良措施,以‘粉宴1号’番茄为试验材料,设置空白对照(CK)、生物炭(B)、蚯蚓原位(V)、生物炭+蚯蚓原位(BV)4个处理,研究番茄生长发育过程中根区土壤理化性质和土壤根际... 为改善设施番茄过量施用化肥、品质和产量下降等问题,采用不同土壤改良措施,以‘粉宴1号’番茄为试验材料,设置空白对照(CK)、生物炭(B)、蚯蚓原位(V)、生物炭+蚯蚓原位(BV)4个处理,研究番茄生长发育过程中根区土壤理化性质和土壤根际微生物的变化以及番茄盛果期果实产量和品质的差异,解析不同处理果实代谢物组成的差异。结果表明:BV处理显著提高了土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,与CK相比分别提高174.00%、7.44%和45.00%;BV处理显著提高了蔗糖酶活性比CK提高62.02%,V处理显著提高脲酶活性,较CK提高39.72%。BV处理显著提高了土壤细菌Simpson指数,V处理显著提高了土壤真菌Ace、Chao1指数;B处理明显改变了土壤细菌相对丰富占比,其中变形菌门增加最多(45.48%),酸杆菌门和芽单孢菌门降低幅度最大,分别为14.90%和25.70%;对于土壤真菌,B处理中子囊菌门相对丰度最高,提升了15.90%,V处理油壶菌门提升最高,为7.24%,罗兹菌门提升次之,为3.11%。同时,各处理可以显著提高果实产量和品质,BV处理的番茄产量最高、品质最好,表现为其生物量、果实产量、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量、有机酸含量最高;V处理的番茄果实差异代谢物种类最多,与对照相比差异最大,所得的差异物代谢通路最多。 展开更多
关键词 设施番茄 生物炭 蚯蚓原位 土壤微生物 差异代谢物
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小球藻粉对番茄幼苗生长及土壤性质的影响
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作者 陈平 张紫然 +5 位作者 张伟 张智涵 吕晓艳 赵吉强 汪少丽 刘保友 《中国瓜菜》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第6期135-141,共7页
为研究小球藻粉作为生物肥料的潜能,以番茄品种红粉佳人为材料,设置叶喷和灌根两种施用方式,探究施用不同浓度的小球藻粉对番茄幼苗生长指标及土壤性质的影响。结果表明,与清水对照相比,小球藻粉500倍稀释液对番茄生长效果最佳,叶喷和... 为研究小球藻粉作为生物肥料的潜能,以番茄品种红粉佳人为材料,设置叶喷和灌根两种施用方式,探究施用不同浓度的小球藻粉对番茄幼苗生长指标及土壤性质的影响。结果表明,与清水对照相比,小球藻粉500倍稀释液对番茄生长效果最佳,叶喷和灌根处理后株高、叶片数、生物量和生长函数显著增加2.90%~47.49%,灌根处理效果整体优于叶喷处理;与生物肥料“益施帮”和复合肥“大量元素水溶肥料”相比,小球藻粉500倍液同样表现出生物量和生长函数的显著增加。在改善土壤性质方面,小球藻粉500倍叶喷和灌根处理后土壤pH分别降低0.06、0.29,电导率显著降低8.31%以上;小球藻粉灌根处理番茄后植株地上、地下部位以及土壤中氮素含量增加;小球藻粉叶喷及灌根处理后土壤中蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶等酶活性显著提高。研究结果证实小球藻粉叶喷及灌根均适用于番茄生长发育及土壤改良,可为小球藻粉及其他生物肥料的开发应用提供试验依据。 展开更多
关键词 番茄 小球藻 幼苗生长 土壤性质
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