A monitoring of multiple physical parameters in a moderate seismic area in Western Piedmont (NW Italy) and the simultaneous observation of the behaviour of numerous species of domestic and wild animals gave in a perio...A monitoring of multiple physical parameters in a moderate seismic area in Western Piedmont (NW Italy) and the simultaneous observation of the behaviour of numerous species of domestic and wild animals gave in a period of over twenty years the possibility to distinguish the unusual animal behaviours due to local earthquake nucleation from other causes. In particular, the observation of the body and vocal language of dogs (Canis familiaris) in the same area has permitted not only to specify the different meanings of vocal language in connection to their body language, but also to classify the minimum elements into a vocal language that is linked together by tonal and rhythmical sequences of sounds that form a semantic lexicon. The usage of the same tonal and rhythmical vocal sequences in similar or identical situations, which are experienced by different groups of dogs, induces us to verify whether it could be possible to link particular vocal sequences to precise physical anomalies before earthquakes. The individuation of physical anomalies due to an earthquake nucleation or due to a hydro-geological destabilization, is possible thanks to a continuous long-term monitoring of some parameters. Moreover, the complexity of the vocal language of dogs increases if the dogs live in an area with a law population density. Then the correlation between some vocal sequences and some seismic precursors is better if dogs live free in yard or on farms, if they are in good health, and if they can establish a strong social relation of group. When dogs live closed in yards of houses that are far apart, they communicate with each other with an amazing vocal language, full of questions and answers, imitations of sequences, and information about situations that may be harmful to them.展开更多
Fast and accurate prediction of sound radiation of Contra-Rotating Open Rotors(CRORs)is an essential element of design methods of low-noise open rotor propulsion systems.In the present work,a previous frequency-domain...Fast and accurate prediction of sound radiation of Contra-Rotating Open Rotors(CRORs)is an essential element of design methods of low-noise open rotor propulsion systems.In the present work,a previous frequency-domain model is extended to predict CROR noise.It builds explicitly the relationship between harmonic loadings and corresponding tonal noise,by which the influential parameters to noise generation can be clearly understood.The real distribu-tions of steady and unsteady blade loadings are calculated by the Nonlinear Harmonic(NLH)method.In the present hybrid approach,both the CFD and acoustic modules are solved in the fre-quency domain.To assess the accuracy of the developed method,the loading noise of a CROR is calculated and compared against results by using the time-domain FW-H module of NUMECA.The predicted sound directivities by the two methods are in good agreements.The present acoustic model in the frequency domain is proven to be accurate and have high efficiency in far-field noise prediction and data processing.Furthermore,the characteristics of the CROR interaction tonal noise are analyzed and discussed.展开更多
Quadrisyllabic words and phrases with normal stress of Mandarin were used to study the tonal coarticulation. It was firstly found that the F0perturbation at the starting-point and the ending-point of the F0 curve in e...Quadrisyllabic words and phrases with normal stress of Mandarin were used to study the tonal coarticulation. It was firstly found that the F0perturbation at the starting-point and the ending-point of the F0 curve in each syllable caused by tonal coarticulation is larger than the intrinsic F0 difference of vowels at the starting-point and the ending-point of it. As for the tonal coarticulation, it was discovered that tonal coarticulation in word and phrase with normal stress is different to that in the nonsense sequence with even stress, and in word and phrase with normal stress, the tonal coarticulatory effects are unidirectional, and the carryover effect does not extend to the ending-point of tone-section of the following syllable and the anticipatory effect does not extend to the starting-point of tone-section of the preceding one, and the F0 perturbation by tonal coarticulation has its pattern.展开更多
The relations of intensity Just Noticeable Difference (JND) to intensity for tone bursts maybe,depend on signal durations according to Jont B.Allen's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102 3, 1997, 3628--3646.]. The intensity j...The relations of intensity Just Noticeable Difference (JND) to intensity for tone bursts maybe,depend on signal durations according to Jont B.Allen's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102 3, 1997, 3628--3646.]. The intensity just noticeable differences for tone bursts with durations of 1 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms, 1000 ms, 5000 ms and 10000 ms were measured at different intensity levels of 20 dB, 30 dB, 40 dB, 50 dB, 60 dB, 70 dB, 80 dB, 90 dB, 100 dB. The data show that variance of Weber fraction (△I/I) with intensity is distinct from Riesz's result and SPIN theory, and that the relations between Weber fraction and intensity for signals of different durations are similar in spite of Weber fraction decreasing to asymptote with signal duration increasing. This means the difference of pulse measurement of intensity JND from Riesz's result and SPIN theory does not arise from the limited signal duration of pulse method and provides new cue for hearing research.展开更多
A method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is proposed for accurately detecting the time varying pitch of speech in tonal languages. Unlike frame-, event-, or subspace-based pitch detectors, the ti...A method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is proposed for accurately detecting the time varying pitch of speech in tonal languages. Unlike frame-, event-, or subspace-based pitch detectors, the time varying information of pitch within the short duration, which is of crucial importance in speech processing of tonal languages, can be accurately extracted. The Chinese Linguistic Data Consortium (CLDC) database for Mandarin Chinese was employed as standard speech data for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the method. It is shown that the proposed method provides more accurate and reliable results, particularly in estimating the tones of non-monotonically varying pitches like the third one in Mandarin Chinese. Also, it is shown that the new method has strong resistance to noise disturbance.展开更多
文摘A monitoring of multiple physical parameters in a moderate seismic area in Western Piedmont (NW Italy) and the simultaneous observation of the behaviour of numerous species of domestic and wild animals gave in a period of over twenty years the possibility to distinguish the unusual animal behaviours due to local earthquake nucleation from other causes. In particular, the observation of the body and vocal language of dogs (Canis familiaris) in the same area has permitted not only to specify the different meanings of vocal language in connection to their body language, but also to classify the minimum elements into a vocal language that is linked together by tonal and rhythmical sequences of sounds that form a semantic lexicon. The usage of the same tonal and rhythmical vocal sequences in similar or identical situations, which are experienced by different groups of dogs, induces us to verify whether it could be possible to link particular vocal sequences to precise physical anomalies before earthquakes. The individuation of physical anomalies due to an earthquake nucleation or due to a hydro-geological destabilization, is possible thanks to a continuous long-term monitoring of some parameters. Moreover, the complexity of the vocal language of dogs increases if the dogs live in an area with a law population density. Then the correlation between some vocal sequences and some seismic precursors is better if dogs live free in yard or on farms, if they are in good health, and if they can establish a strong social relation of group. When dogs live closed in yards of houses that are far apart, they communicate with each other with an amazing vocal language, full of questions and answers, imitations of sequences, and information about situations that may be harmful to them.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52022009,51790514)the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2017-II-003-0015)the Key Laboratory Foundation,China(No.2021-JCJQ-LB-062-0102).
文摘Fast and accurate prediction of sound radiation of Contra-Rotating Open Rotors(CRORs)is an essential element of design methods of low-noise open rotor propulsion systems.In the present work,a previous frequency-domain model is extended to predict CROR noise.It builds explicitly the relationship between harmonic loadings and corresponding tonal noise,by which the influential parameters to noise generation can be clearly understood.The real distribu-tions of steady and unsteady blade loadings are calculated by the Nonlinear Harmonic(NLH)method.In the present hybrid approach,both the CFD and acoustic modules are solved in the fre-quency domain.To assess the accuracy of the developed method,the loading noise of a CROR is calculated and compared against results by using the time-domain FW-H module of NUMECA.The predicted sound directivities by the two methods are in good agreements.The present acoustic model in the frequency domain is proven to be accurate and have high efficiency in far-field noise prediction and data processing.Furthermore,the characteristics of the CROR interaction tonal noise are analyzed and discussed.
文摘Quadrisyllabic words and phrases with normal stress of Mandarin were used to study the tonal coarticulation. It was firstly found that the F0perturbation at the starting-point and the ending-point of the F0 curve in each syllable caused by tonal coarticulation is larger than the intrinsic F0 difference of vowels at the starting-point and the ending-point of it. As for the tonal coarticulation, it was discovered that tonal coarticulation in word and phrase with normal stress is different to that in the nonsense sequence with even stress, and in word and phrase with normal stress, the tonal coarticulatory effects are unidirectional, and the carryover effect does not extend to the ending-point of tone-section of the following syllable and the anticipatory effect does not extend to the starting-point of tone-section of the preceding one, and the F0 perturbation by tonal coarticulation has its pattern.
文摘The relations of intensity Just Noticeable Difference (JND) to intensity for tone bursts maybe,depend on signal durations according to Jont B.Allen's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102 3, 1997, 3628--3646.]. The intensity just noticeable differences for tone bursts with durations of 1 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms, 1000 ms, 5000 ms and 10000 ms were measured at different intensity levels of 20 dB, 30 dB, 40 dB, 50 dB, 60 dB, 70 dB, 80 dB, 90 dB, 100 dB. The data show that variance of Weber fraction (△I/I) with intensity is distinct from Riesz's result and SPIN theory, and that the relations between Weber fraction and intensity for signals of different durations are similar in spite of Weber fraction decreasing to asymptote with signal duration increasing. This means the difference of pulse measurement of intensity JND from Riesz's result and SPIN theory does not arise from the limited signal duration of pulse method and provides new cue for hearing research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10574070)the State Key Laboratory Foundation of China (No. 9140C240207060C24)
文摘A method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is proposed for accurately detecting the time varying pitch of speech in tonal languages. Unlike frame-, event-, or subspace-based pitch detectors, the time varying information of pitch within the short duration, which is of crucial importance in speech processing of tonal languages, can be accurately extracted. The Chinese Linguistic Data Consortium (CLDC) database for Mandarin Chinese was employed as standard speech data for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the method. It is shown that the proposed method provides more accurate and reliable results, particularly in estimating the tones of non-monotonically varying pitches like the third one in Mandarin Chinese. Also, it is shown that the new method has strong resistance to noise disturbance.
