Reduction of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord following repetitive blast-induced traumatic brain injury in rats

Traumatic brain inju ry-induced unfavorable outcomes in human patients have independently been associated with dysregulated levels of monoamines,especially epinephrine,although few preclinical studies have examined the epinephrine level in the central nervous system after traumatic brain injury.Epinephrine has been shown to regulate the activities of spinal motoneurons as well as increase the heart rate,blood pressure,and blood flow to the hindlimb muscles.Therefore,the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of repeated blast-induced traumatic brain injury on the epinephrine levels in seve ral function-s pecific central nervous system regions in rats.Following three repeated blast injuries at 3-day intervals,the hippocampus,motor cortex,locus coeruleus,vestibular nuclei,and lumbar spinal cord were harvested at post-injury day eight and processed for epinephrine assays using a high-sensitive electrochemical detector cou pled with high-performance liquid chromatography.Our results showed that the epinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord tissues of blast-induced traumatic brain injury animals compared to the levels detected in age-and sex-matched sham controls.In other function-specific central nervous system regions,although the epinephrine levels were slightly altered following blast-induced tra u matic brain injury,they were not statistically significant.These results suggest that blast injury-induced significant downregulation of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord could negatively impact the motor and cardiovascular function.This is the first repo rt to show altered epinephrine levels in the spinal cord following repetitive mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury.

Misinterpretation of sleep-induced second-degree atrioventricular block

A number of publications have claimed that Mobitz type Ⅱ atrioventricular block(AVB)may occur during sleep.None of the reports defined type Ⅱ AVB and representative electrocardiograms were either misinterpreted or missing.Relatively benign Wenckebach type Ⅰ AVB is often misdiagnosed as Mobitz type Ⅱ which is an indication for a pacemaker.Review of the published reports indicates that Mobitz type II AVB does not occur during sleep when it is absent in the awake state.Conclusion:There is no proof that sleep is associated with Mobitz type Ⅱ AVB.

Clinical characteristics and analysis of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss in different ages

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have found that patients experiencing sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSHL),with or without accompanying vertigo,often show impaired vestibular function.However,there is a dearth of studies analyzing vestibularevoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs)in SSHL patients across various age groups.AIM To investigate vestibular condition in SSHL patients across various age demographics.METHODS Clinical data of 84 SSHL patients were investigated retrospectively.Audiometry,cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(c-VEMPs),and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(o-VEMPs)were conducted on these patients.Parameters assessed included the latencies of P1 and N1 waves,as well as the amplitudes of P1–N1 waves.Moreover,the study evaluated the influence of factors such as sex,affected side,configuration of hearing loss,and presence of accompanying vertigo.RESULTS Among the 84 SSHL patients,no significant differences were observed among the three groups in terms of gender,affected side,and the presence or absence of vertigo.Group II(aged 41–60 years)had the highest number of SSHL cases.The rates of absent o-VEMPs in the affected ears were 20.83%,31.58%,and 22.72%for the three age groups,respectively,with no statistically significant difference among them.The rates of absent c-VEMPs in the affected ears were 8.3%,34.21%,and 18.18%for the three age groups,respectively,with significant differences.In the unaffected ears,there were differences observed in the extraction rates of o-VEMPs in the unaffected ears among the age groups.In the three age groups,no significant differences were noted in the three age groups in the latencies of P1 and N1 waves or in the amplitude of N1–P1 waves for c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs,either on the affected side or on the unaffected side,across the three age groups.CONCLUSION The extraction rate of VEMPs is more valuable than parameters.Regardless of the presence of vertigo,vestibular organs are involved in SSHL.Notably,SSHL patients aged 41–60 appear more susceptible to damage to the inferior vestibular nerve and saccule.

Analysis of the Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Acupoints Combined with Rehabilitation Training in The Treatment of Upper Limb Dysfunction After Stroke

Objective:To analyze the effect of combining transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)with rehabilitation training in patients with upper limb dysfunction after stroke(ULDAS).Methods:A total of 130 ULDAS patients who were hospitalized and rehabilitated in Wuxi Xinwu District Rehabilitation Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into Group A(65 cases,rehabilitation training)and Group B(65 cases,rehabilitation training+TEAS).The effects of the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment,the upper limb functional indexes of Group B were better than those of Group A(P<0.05).The rate of muscle tone grades 0-4 in Group B was higher than those of Group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:The function of upper limbs and muscle strength of ULDAS patients improved by combining TEAS with rehabilitation training.

Auditory function in symptomatic patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 and unexposed patients:An analytical cross-sectional study

Objective:To describe audiological symptoms,audiometric profile,and distortion product otoacoustic emission in symptomatic patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection(positive RT-PCR test)and asymptomatic patients(negative RT-PCR test).Methods:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from clinical charts,physical examination,audiometry,and distortion product otoacoustic emission on 40 patients[case patients(CP)]recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed by a positive RT-PCR test and 22asymptomatic participants with a negative RT-PCR test[non-case(NC)].Results:Sixty-two patients(mean age:31.1 and 28.2 years in the CP and NC groups,respectively)were included.All participants were young without significant comorbidities,risk factors for hearing loss or otological history.Vertigo(5%),tinnitus(17.5%)and aural fullness/hearing loss(35%)were found in the CP group.A statistically significant difference was found in specific frequencies(1000,4000,and 8000 Hz)and pure tone average(low and high conversational frequencies with increased threshold in the PC group compared with the NC group),which was not found in distortion product otoacoustic emission.Conclusion:Audiovestibular symptoms are frequent in symptomatic patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection.SARS-CoV-2 infection was consistently associated with an increased audiometric hearing threshold at specific frequencies and low tone average.

三款能够带给女性健康的设计

TONE:TONE是一款能戴在脖子上的时尚产品,它可以使用蒸汽或者LED光治疗改善用户的肤色,保证用户皮肤的健康,使用户具有良好的使用体验。EASE:EASE是一款在睡觉时也在工作的皮肤护理设备,通过了解皮肤质量和睡觉时的姿势,EASE提供不可见的红外线照明和精细蒸汽来改善皮肤状况。

高性能中文垃圾邮件过滤器

设计并实现了基于在线过滤模式高性能中文垃圾邮件过滤器,能够较好地识别不断变化的垃圾邮件。以逻辑回归模型为基础,该文提出了字节级n元文法提取邮件特征,并采用TONE(Train On or Near Error)方法训练过滤器。在多个大规模中文垃圾邮件过滤公开评测数据上的实验结果表明,该文过滤器的性能在TREC 06C数据上优于当年评测的最好成绩,在SEWM07立即反馈上1-ROCA值达到了0.000 0%,并明显优于SEWM08评测在线过滤任务中的所有其他方法。

局部特征加强的体绘制算法

最大强度差值累积结合了直接体绘制和最大强度值投影的优势,但其在累积过程中会遗漏一些局部特征.为了绘制体数据中局部特征信息,提出一种局部特征加强的直接体绘制方法.通过查找采样光线上特征边界点来确定局部最大强度的区域,利用局部差值累积的方法加强特征区域的绘制;为了提高特征分界点的查找精度,引入移动最小二乘法来平滑采样光线上的标量值,并利用用户自定义的阈值函数来控制特征的绘制;在绘制过程中,采用特征分析的表面光照模型增强绘制特征的三维立体感,引入深度信息对局部特征累积算法进行优化,并引入了Tone衰减方法使累积颜色值处于正常显示范围.实验结果表明,文中方法可在不需要传输函数的前提下绘制体数据中的特征信息.

急性低频感音神经性聋的研究进展

急性低频感音神经性聋（acute low—tone sensori—neural hearingloss，ALHL）是一种原因不明的急性起病并以低频听力损失为主不伴眩晕的感音神经性聋，患者主要以低调耳鸣、耳闷胀感、听力下降为主诉或症状。该病于1982年由Abe首次提出，但对其认识不足，起初认为是一种以低频听力下降为表现的轻度突发性聋。目前认为其是一种独立的疾病，有别于突发性耳聋，在临床并非少见，甚至有增多的趋势。本文通过对国内外相关文献的查阅，对该病近些年的发展从以下方面进行阐述。

基于逻辑回归模型的中文垃圾短信过滤

设计并实现中文垃圾短信过滤器,能够较好识别不断变化的垃圾短信。以逻辑回归模型为基础,提出字节级n元文法提取短信特征,并采用TONE(Train On or Near Error)方法训练过滤器。通过实验测试,证明应用该方法实现的垃圾短信过滤效果很好。

婴幼儿听力损失的早期诊断评估及干预(6)

1．6听力损失诊断评估重点事项 1．6．1预估言语频率各点听阈值 1．6．1．1短声（click）ABR（cABR）cABR所测得的反应阈主要反应平坦型或2～4kHz频段的听阈，难以反映低频处的听阈；通常可应用频率特性的刺激声（如短纯音tone—bourst，tbABR）来测试ABR获得不同频率的ABR反应阈，可用来评估言语频率各点的阈值，它们与纯音听阈有很好的相关性，常用于预估行为听阈，可获得预估听力曲线。

基于Capstone-CDIO的机电一体化课程体系实践与评价研究

面向机械电子工程人才培养要求,基于Capstone-CDIO教学理念,从知识项目化、学科交叉化、项目平台化三方面进行课程体系实践优化,通过调研技能、知识构建、问题解决、团队技能四方面进行评价研究,为应用型、创新型机电一体化人才培养打下良好基础。

基于Gamma tone滤波和PCNN的说话人识别

为了更好地提取说话人的特征,对语音进行滤波的预处理。Gammatone滤波器可以很好地模拟基底膜滤波器的形状,因此采用作为标准耳蜗听觉滤波器的Gammatone滤波器对语谱图进行滤波,再通过脉冲耦合神经网络来提取说话人特征进行分析。仿真结果表明,由该方法得到的说话人的熵序列与自身熵序列的欧氏距离较未经过Gammatone滤波时小,提高了识别率。

一个可感知干扰的无线自组网MAC协议

在分析无线自组织网中隐终端和暴露终端问题的基础上,指出在802.11MAC协议中,造成这两类问题的根本原因是其采用了简化的干扰模型,并提出一个基于busy tone的、可以感知干扰的MAC协议(IABT)用来提高无线自组织网的性能.通过在busy tone中编码当前的干扰信息,busy tone可以有效的为将要进行的通信预留信道.IABT协议可同时解决隐终端和暴露终端的问题.通过NS2的模拟仿真,显示出IABT协议可以有效的减少MAC层的冲突,从而提高了无线自组织网的性能.

Discriminative tone model training and optimal integration for Mandarin speech recognition

Two discriminative methods for solving tone problems in Mandarin speech recognition are presented. First, discriminative training on the HMM （hidden Markov model） based tone models is proposed. Then an integration technique of tone models into a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system is presented. Discriminative model weight training based on minimum phone error criteria is adopted aiming at optimal integration of the tone models. The extended Baum Welch algorithm is applied to find the model-dependent weights to scale the acoustic scores and tone scores. Experimental results show that tone recognition rates and continuous speech recognition accuracy can be improved by the discriminatively trained tone model. Performance of a large vocabulary continuous Mandarin speech recognition system can be further enhanced by the discriminatively trained weight combinations due to a better interpolation of the given models.

脑动脉MRA新技术探讨

目的:对比常规3D-FISP,MTS及TONE三种序列MRA的效果。材料与方法:对10例受检者分别使用三种方法进行MRA成像,以相同标准评价其图像背景均匀度,血管与背景间的对比度,脑动脉末梢分支清晰度等方面。结果:在图像背景均匀度方面,TONE法与常规3D-FISP法相近,而MTS法因脂肪等组织很少被抑制而呈不均匀背景。在血管与背景间的对比度方面,MTS法与TONE法均优于常规3D-FISP法。在脑动脉末梢分支清晰度方面,TONE法优于常规3D-FISP法,而MTS法又优于TONE法。结论:MTS法与TONE法均能有效地改善MRA对细小动脉的显示能力,尤以MTS法明显,但因其成像时间较长及背景信号不均匀等缺点,在多数情况下,以使用TONE法较理想。

国家自然化:Sixth Tone奥运赛事报道中的国家形象塑造——以2016年里约奥运报道为例

奥运会是一种政治剧场语境下的公共仪式,奥运会的媒体报道能使这类仪式产生国家自然化的效果。本文采用内容分析法,基于戈夫曼框架理论对“第六声”(Sixth Tone)有关里约奥运会的系列报道展开分析,发现其在剧场仪式下,国家形象在仪式、权利和情感三个方面意义的生成。在政治仪式中,均衡报道,回归个体,从而实现权力话语的转移。

《婴儿的快乐》与《婴儿的忧伤》赏析(英文)

William Blake’s "Infant Joy" and its companion poem "Infant Sorrow" present both an innocent way and an experienced way of seeing the newborn babies. This paper analyzes how different choice of diction, the creation of contrasting scenes and tones as well as the deliberate use of different rhyme schemes contribute to establishing their contrasting themes and enabling the readers to see this special moment of human experience innocently or with experience.

English Intonation Research and Teaching

Through the discussion and comparative research on theories, types and uses of English intonation, it is found that intonation is an indispensable part of oral communications. Proper use of intonation lies in knowing their functions and in the ability to correctly utter the patterns. Therefore, intonation theoretical knowledge is crucial and helpful to the English phonology teaching; and teachers need to properly incorporate intonation knowledge into teaching practice.

TONE本体模型与协同产品开发中的问题求解

协同产品开发建立在多领域工作人员之间的相互协作基础之上 ,而每个企业的员工都有特定的背景和语言 ,因此知识的交流、共享和交换是其基础和瓶颈 ,也是部分冲突问题产生的根本原因。本体论通过统一领域内词汇及术语含义的方法在语义级解决了上述部分问题。但是当前关于本体的表示方法都具有内涵不明确并与特定语言相关等缺点 ,这对于多个本体和领域之间本体的共享和交换产生了障碍。本论文提出了 TONE本体模型 ,通过严格区分术语概念的内涵和外延 ,建立了概念内涵树及构造外延的操作算子 ,使本体的基础——术语统一在语义级别成为可能 ,同时也为协同产品开发中部分冲突问题的解决提供了途径。