A validated numerical model was established to simulate gas−liquid flow behaviors in the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath furnace.This model included the slip velocity between phases and the gas thermal expansion effec...A validated numerical model was established to simulate gas−liquid flow behaviors in the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath furnace.This model included the slip velocity between phases and the gas thermal expansion effect.Its modeling results were verified with theoretical correlations and experiments,and the nozzle-eroded states in practice were also involved in the analysis.Through comparison,it is confirmed that the thermal expansion effect influences the flow pattern significantly,which may lead to the backward motion of airflow and create a potential risk to production safety.Consequently,the influences of air injection velocity and furnace width on airflow behavior were investigated to provide operating and design guidance.It is found that the thin layer melt,which avoids high-rate oxygen airflow eroding nozzles,shrinks as the injection velocity increases,but safety can be guaranteed when the velocity ranges from 175 to 275 m/s.Moreover,the isoline patterns and heights of thin layers change slightly when the furnace width increases from 2.2 to 2.8 m,indicating that the furnace width shows a limited influence on production safety.展开更多
A thermodynamic model was developed to predict the distribution behavior of Cu, Fe, S, O, Pb, Zn, As, and the heat balance in a lead blast furnace. The modeling results are validated by the plant data of a lead smelte...A thermodynamic model was developed to predict the distribution behavior of Cu, Fe, S, O, Pb, Zn, As, and the heat balance in a lead blast furnace. The modeling results are validated by the plant data of a lead smelter in Kazakhstan. The model can be used to predict any set of controllable process parameters such as feed composition, smelting temperature, degree of oxygen enrichment and volume of oxygen-enriched air. The effects of the blast air, industrial oxygen, and coke charge on the distribution of Cu, Fe, S, O, Pb, Zn, As, the heat balance, and the lead loss in slag, were presented and discussed.展开更多
针对湖南某含铅锌铁锰矿,开发了冷固球团-还原挥发-电炉熔分新工艺,先将矿粉与还原剂及粘结剂混合,造球后经低温固结,再送入回转窑还原。矿中铁还原为海绵铁;MnO2还原为MnO;同时铅、锌还原成金属态并挥发,在烟气中氧化并富集到烟尘中;...针对湖南某含铅锌铁锰矿,开发了冷固球团-还原挥发-电炉熔分新工艺,先将矿粉与还原剂及粘结剂混合,造球后经低温固结,再送入回转窑还原。矿中铁还原为海绵铁;MnO2还原为MnO;同时铅、锌还原成金属态并挥发,在烟气中氧化并富集到烟尘中;还原后的金属化球团直接进入电炉,通过熔分得到生铁和锰渣。实现了含铅锌铁锰矿的综合回收利用。回转窑还原挥发后的金属化球团中铅、锌含量较低,不会影响电炉炉衬寿命和操作,回收铅锌的同时省去了铁锰粉矿进电炉前需造块的工序。试验结果表明,在焦粉加入量为20%,硅石用量2.5%,1 390℃下熔分90 m in,得到生铁和锰渣,生铁中铁品位为95.72%,锰渣中锰品位为31.53%。展开更多
基金the support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1901606).
文摘A validated numerical model was established to simulate gas−liquid flow behaviors in the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath furnace.This model included the slip velocity between phases and the gas thermal expansion effect.Its modeling results were verified with theoretical correlations and experiments,and the nozzle-eroded states in practice were also involved in the analysis.Through comparison,it is confirmed that the thermal expansion effect influences the flow pattern significantly,which may lead to the backward motion of airflow and create a potential risk to production safety.Consequently,the influences of air injection velocity and furnace width on airflow behavior were investigated to provide operating and design guidance.It is found that the thin layer melt,which avoids high-rate oxygen airflow eroding nozzles,shrinks as the injection velocity increases,but safety can be guaranteed when the velocity ranges from 175 to 275 m/s.Moreover,the isoline patterns and heights of thin layers change slightly when the furnace width increases from 2.2 to 2.8 m,indicating that the furnace width shows a limited influence on production safety.
文摘A thermodynamic model was developed to predict the distribution behavior of Cu, Fe, S, O, Pb, Zn, As, and the heat balance in a lead blast furnace. The modeling results are validated by the plant data of a lead smelter in Kazakhstan. The model can be used to predict any set of controllable process parameters such as feed composition, smelting temperature, degree of oxygen enrichment and volume of oxygen-enriched air. The effects of the blast air, industrial oxygen, and coke charge on the distribution of Cu, Fe, S, O, Pb, Zn, As, the heat balance, and the lead loss in slag, were presented and discussed.
文摘针对湖南某含铅锌铁锰矿,开发了冷固球团-还原挥发-电炉熔分新工艺,先将矿粉与还原剂及粘结剂混合,造球后经低温固结,再送入回转窑还原。矿中铁还原为海绵铁;MnO2还原为MnO;同时铅、锌还原成金属态并挥发,在烟气中氧化并富集到烟尘中;还原后的金属化球团直接进入电炉,通过熔分得到生铁和锰渣。实现了含铅锌铁锰矿的综合回收利用。回转窑还原挥发后的金属化球团中铅、锌含量较低,不会影响电炉炉衬寿命和操作,回收铅锌的同时省去了铁锰粉矿进电炉前需造块的工序。试验结果表明,在焦粉加入量为20%,硅石用量2.5%,1 390℃下熔分90 m in,得到生铁和锰渣,生铁中铁品位为95.72%,锰渣中锰品位为31.53%。
