English plays a very important role in our daily life and has been a world language for decades, as the global economy is developing so fast nowadays, the learners of English have already realized that the main purpos...English plays a very important role in our daily life and has been a world language for decades, as the global economy is developing so fast nowadays, the learners of English have already realized that the main purpose to learn English is to communicate properly in their real life with the people from other culture, but not to memorize those boring grammar rules and terrible vocabularies which will appear in their English examinations. Consequently, it has become an important task for English teachers to think about how to develop students' language abilities for real communication. Nowadays, Communicative Language Teaching(CLT) has become a very popular teaching approach in China. CLT pays a lot attention to the social and functional elements in language daily use.展开更多
In order to develop the speaking skills of Chinese middle school students, Chinese middle school English teachers must guide the students to speak through practical speaking activities that arouse the students' inter...In order to develop the speaking skills of Chinese middle school students, Chinese middle school English teachers must guide the students to speak through practical speaking activities that arouse the students' interest, encourage the use of real language and be used with large classes.展开更多
The so-called comprehensive practice activities refer to that under teachers' guidance, students conduct independent comprehensive learning activities, and in activities, students can train practice ability, organica...The so-called comprehensive practice activities refer to that under teachers' guidance, students conduct independent comprehensive learning activities, and in activities, students can train practice ability, organically combining theory knowledge and practice knowledge together, in order to have a learning and practice effect. In current college English teaching, it exists module, single and dogmatic and a series of disadvantage trends, taking comprehensive practice activities as the carrier to improve college English teaching efficiency, which has a multiplier effect. This paper first analyzes the importance of comprehensive practical activities in college English teaching activities, and then it proposes a set of practicable activity strategies, hoping to play a valuable role.展开更多
What is the essence of translating activities?Up to now,many scholars or translators have conducted this study.This thesis aims to study the essence of translating activities from a new perspective—Marxism’s Practic...What is the essence of translating activities?Up to now,many scholars or translators have conducted this study.This thesis aims to study the essence of translating activities from a new perspective—Marxism’s Practice Viewpoint.Translating is a kind of language activity of reproduction,using another language to retell the content of the original accurately and completely.The author also makes his comments on the debate as to whether translating is a science or an art.The conclusion is that translating is neither an art nor a science.It is an activity marked by artistic creativity and scientific creativity,a scientific and artistic unity.展开更多
Mental practice is a new rehabilitation method that reters to the mental rehearsal ot motor imagery content with the goal of improving motor performance. However, the relationship between activated regions and motor r...Mental practice is a new rehabilitation method that reters to the mental rehearsal ot motor imagery content with the goal of improving motor performance. However, the relationship between activated regions and motor recovery after mental practice training is not well understood. In this study, 15 patients who suffered a firstever subcortical stroke with neurological deficits affecting the right hand, but no significant cognitive impairment were recruited. 10 patients underwent mental practice combined with physical practice training, and 5 patients only underwent physical practice training. We observed brain activation regions after 4 weeks of training, and explored the correlation of activation changes with functional recovery of the affected hands. The results showed that, after 4 weeks of mental practice combined with physical training, the Fugl-Meyer assessment score for the affected right hand was significantly increased than that after 4 weeks of practice training alone. Functional MRI showed enhanced activation in the left primary somatosensory cortex, attenuated activation intensity in the right primary motor cortex, and enhanced right cerebellar activation observed during the motor imagery task using the affected right hand after mental practice training. The changes in brain cortical activity were related to functional recovery of the hand. Experimental findings indicate that cortical and cerebellar functional reorganization following mental practice contributed to the improvement of hand function.展开更多
For a constantly growing human population, healthy and productive soil is critical for sustainable delivery of agricultural products. The soil microorganisms play a crucial role in soil structure and functioning. They...For a constantly growing human population, healthy and productive soil is critical for sustainable delivery of agricultural products. The soil microorganisms play a crucial role in soil structure and functioning. They are responsible for soil formation, ecosystem biogeochemistry, cycling of nutrients and degradation of plant residues and xenobiotics. Certain agricultural treatments, such as fertilizers and pesticides applications, crop rotation, or soil amendment addition, influence the composition, abundance and function of bacteria and fungi in the soil ecosystems. Some of these practices have rather negative effects;others can help soil microorganisms by creating a friendlier habitat or providing nutrients. The changes in microbial community structure cannot be fully captured with traditional methods that are limited only to culturable organisms, which represent less than 1% of the whole population. The use of new molecular techniques such as metagenomics offers the possibility to better understand how agriculture affects soil microbiota. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to discuss how common farming practices influence microbial activity in the soil, with a special focus on pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals and crop rotation. Furthermore, potential practices to mitigate the negative effects of some treatments are suggested and treatments that can beneficially influence soil microbiota are pointed out. Finally, application of metagenomics technique in agriculture and perspectives of developing efficient molecular tools in order to assess soil condition in the context of microbial activities are underlined.展开更多
Motor imagery is defined as an act wherein an individual contemplates a mental action of motor execution without apparent action.Mental practice executed by repetitive motor imagery can improve motor performance witho...Motor imagery is defined as an act wherein an individual contemplates a mental action of motor execution without apparent action.Mental practice executed by repetitive motor imagery can improve motor performance without simultaneous sensory input or overt output.We aimed to investigate cerebral hemodynamics during motor imagery and motor execution of a self-feeding activity using chopsticks.This study included 21 healthy right-handed volunteers.The self-feeding activity task comprised either motor imagery or motor execution of eating sliced cucumber pickles with chopsticks to examine eight regions of interest:pre-supplementary motor area,supplementary motor area,bilateral prefrontal cortex,premotor area,and sensorimotor cortex.The mean oxyhemoglobin levels were detected using near-infrared spectroscopy to reflect cerebral activation.The mean oxyhemoglobin levels during motor execution were significantly higher in the left sensorimotor cortex than in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor area.Moreover,significantly higher oxyhemoglobin levels were detected in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor area during motor imagery,compared to motor execution.Supplementary motor area and premotor area had important roles in the motor imagery of self-feeding activity.Moreover,the activation levels of the supplementary motor area and the premotor area during motor execution and motor imagery are likely affected by intentional cognitive processes.Levels of cerebral activation differed in some areas during motor execution and motor imagery of a self-feeding activity.This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Nagasaki University(approval No.18110801)on December 10,2018.展开更多
A high active novel TiO2/AC composite photocatalyst was prepared and used for phenol degradation. It was much more active than P-25 and exhibiting good decantability, less deactivation after several runs and less sens...A high active novel TiO2/AC composite photocatalyst was prepared and used for phenol degradation. It was much more active than P-25 and exhibiting good decantability, less deactivation after several runs and less sensitive to pH change. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) revealed that the electronic change in TiO2 did not occur by the addition of AC. Results of SEM and XRD suggested that better TiO2 distribution can be achieved when optimal AC content was adopted. The performance of the prepared TiO2/5AC catalyst revealed great practical potential in wastewater treatment field.展开更多
In recent years,mental practice(MP)using laterally inverted video of a subject’s non-paralyzed upper limb to improve the vividness of presented motor imagery(MI)has been shown to be effective for improving the functi...In recent years,mental practice(MP)using laterally inverted video of a subject’s non-paralyzed upper limb to improve the vividness of presented motor imagery(MI)has been shown to be effective for improving the function of a paralyzed upper limb.However,no studies have yet assessed the activity of cortical regions engaged during MI task performance using inverse video presentations and neurophysiological indicators.This study sought to investigate changes in MI vividness and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during MI performance under the following three conditions in near-infrared spectroscopy:MI-only without inverse video presentation(MI-only),MI with action observation(AO)of an inverse video presentation of another person’s hand(AO+MI(other hand)),and MI with AO of an inverse video presentation of a participant’s own hand(AO+MI(own hand)).Participants included 66 healthy right-handed adults(41 men and 25 women;mean age:26.3±4.3 years).There were 23 patients in the MI-only group(mean age:26.4±4.1 years),20 in the AO+MI(other hand)group(mean age:25.9±5.0 years),and 23 in the AO+MI(own hand)group(mean age:26.9±4.1 years).The MI task involved transferring 1 cm×1 cm blocks from one plate to another,once per second,using chopsticks held in the non-dominant hand.Based on a visual analog scale(VAS),MI vividness was significantly higher in the AO+MI(own hand)group than in the MI-only group and the AO+MI(other hand)group.A main effect of condition was revealed in terms of MI vividness,as well as regions of interest(ROIs)in certain brain areas associated with motor processing.The data suggest that inverse video presentation of a person’s own hand enhances the MI vividness and increases the activity of motor-related cortical areas during MI.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences(approval No.18121303)on January 18,2019.展开更多
Although many obese patients do not engage in adequate physical activity (PA), little is known about whether physicians discuss environmental barriers in promoting PA. We conducted this study to describe physicians’ ...Although many obese patients do not engage in adequate physical activity (PA), little is known about whether physicians discuss environmental barriers in promoting PA. We conducted this study to describe physicians’ views about discussing environmental barriers in promoting PA with obese patients and determine whether counseling varies by years of practice. We conducted an online survey of family physicians practicing in 17 clinics in Central Texas. We performed descriptive analysis on barriers to PA, counseling on meeting PA recommendation, and written prescription for exercise and bivariate analysis by years of practice. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Of 96 physicians invited, 57 (59.4%) completed the survey. Majority reported their obese patients brought up the environment as a barrier to walking (89.3%) or PA (91.2%). Majority (80.7%) also reported asking about environmental barriers to walking, with 84.2% giving specific examples to overcome these barriers. While 96.5% reported advising their obese patients about meeting the PA recommendation, only 26.3% reported giving them a written prescription for exercise. These did not vary significantly by years of practice. Physicians felt having more time with their patients and knowing specific strategies to overcome environmental barriers, safe places in patients’ neighborhoods, and what environmental factors influence PA may help discuss environmental issues with their obese patients. Physicians want and counsel their obese patients to be physically active, but do not generally give prescriptions for exercise irrespective of years of practice. They also want tools to enhance their abilities to better assist these patients.展开更多
Purpose: Physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia is a growing challenge to public health. This study aimed to define the relationship between the physical activity level (PAL) and adult Saudi health-related quality of lif...Purpose: Physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia is a growing challenge to public health. This study aimed to define the relationship between the physical activity level (PAL) and adult Saudi health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: Participants of this study were 100 Saudi adult aged from 18 - 70 years. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) was used to measure the participant’s HRQoL. The SF-36 is comprised of 8 domains. The electronic version of the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to categorize participants in terms of physical activity level into;inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to treat the collected data. Results: Results showed that only 17% of the Saudi adults had active PAL. The PAL had significantly positive relationship with 4 domains of HRQoL including: physical functioning (P = 0.004), role limitations caused by physical health problems (P = 0.048), vitality (P = 0.009), and general health (P = 0.044). Results also confirmed that the younger the subject, the higher the PAL (P = 0.0001) and the better the HRQoL. This is true for all domains except the role limitations caused by emotional problems and emotional wellbeing. Conclusion: The poor physical activity level of adult Saudi negatively impacts their HRQoL.展开更多
Twenty-first century is the age of knowledge economy,with the increase of the cooperation with a lot of countries where English is the native language,there are more and more joint corporation and foreign invested com...Twenty-first century is the age of knowledge economy,with the increase of the cooperation with a lot of countries where English is the native language,there are more and more joint corporation and foreign invested companies.So it is important for our students to have a mouth of fluent oral English,but now there is a problem in our college that students can not grasp the chances provided by the college to practice their oral English,and at this time with the effort of all oral English teachers,an activity of PBGS(Project Based Group Study) has produced and in this paper I mainly talk about how to carry it out effectively and let students get benefit from it.展开更多
As a form of speaking practice,small-group discussion can be effective in that it makes learners less anxious about expressing themselves.Being topic-based,small-group discussion prepares learners for a wide range of ...As a form of speaking practice,small-group discussion can be effective in that it makes learners less anxious about expressing themselves.Being topic-based,small-group discussion prepares learners for a wide range of topics and requires them to think critically.Language skills and communicative skills are honed during discussions.These advantages validate the effectiveness of small-group discussion as a form of speaking practice and entail proper execution in classes.展开更多
一、内容分析本课时教学内容为Learn to Say、Match and Say和Let’s Sing三部分。Learn to Say板块以地图的形式呈现有关地点或建筑物的词汇,借助Mocky根据地图帮助Bobby寻找场所的情境,重点呈现询问地点及说明其相应位置的功能句型。M...一、内容分析本课时教学内容为Learn to Say、Match and Say和Let’s Sing三部分。Learn to Say板块以地图的形式呈现有关地点或建筑物的词汇,借助Mocky根据地图帮助Bobby寻找场所的情境,重点呈现询问地点及说明其相应位置的功能句型。Match and Say板块复现第一课时中故事的5幅图片,学生需要认读语句、观察图片、补全人物对话。同时,在情境中初步应用问路、指路的核心语言。展开更多
文摘English plays a very important role in our daily life and has been a world language for decades, as the global economy is developing so fast nowadays, the learners of English have already realized that the main purpose to learn English is to communicate properly in their real life with the people from other culture, but not to memorize those boring grammar rules and terrible vocabularies which will appear in their English examinations. Consequently, it has become an important task for English teachers to think about how to develop students' language abilities for real communication. Nowadays, Communicative Language Teaching(CLT) has become a very popular teaching approach in China. CLT pays a lot attention to the social and functional elements in language daily use.
文摘In order to develop the speaking skills of Chinese middle school students, Chinese middle school English teachers must guide the students to speak through practical speaking activities that arouse the students' interest, encourage the use of real language and be used with large classes.
文摘The so-called comprehensive practice activities refer to that under teachers' guidance, students conduct independent comprehensive learning activities, and in activities, students can train practice ability, organically combining theory knowledge and practice knowledge together, in order to have a learning and practice effect. In current college English teaching, it exists module, single and dogmatic and a series of disadvantage trends, taking comprehensive practice activities as the carrier to improve college English teaching efficiency, which has a multiplier effect. This paper first analyzes the importance of comprehensive practical activities in college English teaching activities, and then it proposes a set of practicable activity strategies, hoping to play a valuable role.
文摘What is the essence of translating activities?Up to now,many scholars or translators have conducted this study.This thesis aims to study the essence of translating activities from a new perspective—Marxism’s Practice Viewpoint.Translating is a kind of language activity of reproduction,using another language to retell the content of the original accurately and completely.The author also makes his comments on the debate as to whether translating is a science or an art.The conclusion is that translating is neither an art nor a science.It is an activity marked by artistic creativity and scientific creativity,a scientific and artistic unity.
文摘Mental practice is a new rehabilitation method that reters to the mental rehearsal ot motor imagery content with the goal of improving motor performance. However, the relationship between activated regions and motor recovery after mental practice training is not well understood. In this study, 15 patients who suffered a firstever subcortical stroke with neurological deficits affecting the right hand, but no significant cognitive impairment were recruited. 10 patients underwent mental practice combined with physical practice training, and 5 patients only underwent physical practice training. We observed brain activation regions after 4 weeks of training, and explored the correlation of activation changes with functional recovery of the affected hands. The results showed that, after 4 weeks of mental practice combined with physical training, the Fugl-Meyer assessment score for the affected right hand was significantly increased than that after 4 weeks of practice training alone. Functional MRI showed enhanced activation in the left primary somatosensory cortex, attenuated activation intensity in the right primary motor cortex, and enhanced right cerebellar activation observed during the motor imagery task using the affected right hand after mental practice training. The changes in brain cortical activity were related to functional recovery of the hand. Experimental findings indicate that cortical and cerebellar functional reorganization following mental practice contributed to the improvement of hand function.
文摘For a constantly growing human population, healthy and productive soil is critical for sustainable delivery of agricultural products. The soil microorganisms play a crucial role in soil structure and functioning. They are responsible for soil formation, ecosystem biogeochemistry, cycling of nutrients and degradation of plant residues and xenobiotics. Certain agricultural treatments, such as fertilizers and pesticides applications, crop rotation, or soil amendment addition, influence the composition, abundance and function of bacteria and fungi in the soil ecosystems. Some of these practices have rather negative effects;others can help soil microorganisms by creating a friendlier habitat or providing nutrients. The changes in microbial community structure cannot be fully captured with traditional methods that are limited only to culturable organisms, which represent less than 1% of the whole population. The use of new molecular techniques such as metagenomics offers the possibility to better understand how agriculture affects soil microbiota. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to discuss how common farming practices influence microbial activity in the soil, with a special focus on pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals and crop rotation. Furthermore, potential practices to mitigate the negative effects of some treatments are suggested and treatments that can beneficially influence soil microbiota are pointed out. Finally, application of metagenomics technique in agriculture and perspectives of developing efficient molecular tools in order to assess soil condition in the context of microbial activities are underlined.
文摘Motor imagery is defined as an act wherein an individual contemplates a mental action of motor execution without apparent action.Mental practice executed by repetitive motor imagery can improve motor performance without simultaneous sensory input or overt output.We aimed to investigate cerebral hemodynamics during motor imagery and motor execution of a self-feeding activity using chopsticks.This study included 21 healthy right-handed volunteers.The self-feeding activity task comprised either motor imagery or motor execution of eating sliced cucumber pickles with chopsticks to examine eight regions of interest:pre-supplementary motor area,supplementary motor area,bilateral prefrontal cortex,premotor area,and sensorimotor cortex.The mean oxyhemoglobin levels were detected using near-infrared spectroscopy to reflect cerebral activation.The mean oxyhemoglobin levels during motor execution were significantly higher in the left sensorimotor cortex than in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor area.Moreover,significantly higher oxyhemoglobin levels were detected in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor area during motor imagery,compared to motor execution.Supplementary motor area and premotor area had important roles in the motor imagery of self-feeding activity.Moreover,the activation levels of the supplementary motor area and the premotor area during motor execution and motor imagery are likely affected by intentional cognitive processes.Levels of cerebral activation differed in some areas during motor execution and motor imagery of a self-feeding activity.This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Nagasaki University(approval No.18110801)on December 10,2018.
基金This project was financially supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20050225006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30400339).
文摘A high active novel TiO2/AC composite photocatalyst was prepared and used for phenol degradation. It was much more active than P-25 and exhibiting good decantability, less deactivation after several runs and less sensitive to pH change. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) revealed that the electronic change in TiO2 did not occur by the addition of AC. Results of SEM and XRD suggested that better TiO2 distribution can be achieved when optimal AC content was adopted. The performance of the prepared TiO2/5AC catalyst revealed great practical potential in wastewater treatment field.
文摘In recent years,mental practice(MP)using laterally inverted video of a subject’s non-paralyzed upper limb to improve the vividness of presented motor imagery(MI)has been shown to be effective for improving the function of a paralyzed upper limb.However,no studies have yet assessed the activity of cortical regions engaged during MI task performance using inverse video presentations and neurophysiological indicators.This study sought to investigate changes in MI vividness and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during MI performance under the following three conditions in near-infrared spectroscopy:MI-only without inverse video presentation(MI-only),MI with action observation(AO)of an inverse video presentation of another person’s hand(AO+MI(other hand)),and MI with AO of an inverse video presentation of a participant’s own hand(AO+MI(own hand)).Participants included 66 healthy right-handed adults(41 men and 25 women;mean age:26.3±4.3 years).There were 23 patients in the MI-only group(mean age:26.4±4.1 years),20 in the AO+MI(other hand)group(mean age:25.9±5.0 years),and 23 in the AO+MI(own hand)group(mean age:26.9±4.1 years).The MI task involved transferring 1 cm×1 cm blocks from one plate to another,once per second,using chopsticks held in the non-dominant hand.Based on a visual analog scale(VAS),MI vividness was significantly higher in the AO+MI(own hand)group than in the MI-only group and the AO+MI(other hand)group.A main effect of condition was revealed in terms of MI vividness,as well as regions of interest(ROIs)in certain brain areas associated with motor processing.The data suggest that inverse video presentation of a person’s own hand enhances the MI vividness and increases the activity of motor-related cortical areas during MI.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences(approval No.18121303)on January 18,2019.
文摘Although many obese patients do not engage in adequate physical activity (PA), little is known about whether physicians discuss environmental barriers in promoting PA. We conducted this study to describe physicians’ views about discussing environmental barriers in promoting PA with obese patients and determine whether counseling varies by years of practice. We conducted an online survey of family physicians practicing in 17 clinics in Central Texas. We performed descriptive analysis on barriers to PA, counseling on meeting PA recommendation, and written prescription for exercise and bivariate analysis by years of practice. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Of 96 physicians invited, 57 (59.4%) completed the survey. Majority reported their obese patients brought up the environment as a barrier to walking (89.3%) or PA (91.2%). Majority (80.7%) also reported asking about environmental barriers to walking, with 84.2% giving specific examples to overcome these barriers. While 96.5% reported advising their obese patients about meeting the PA recommendation, only 26.3% reported giving them a written prescription for exercise. These did not vary significantly by years of practice. Physicians felt having more time with their patients and knowing specific strategies to overcome environmental barriers, safe places in patients’ neighborhoods, and what environmental factors influence PA may help discuss environmental issues with their obese patients. Physicians want and counsel their obese patients to be physically active, but do not generally give prescriptions for exercise irrespective of years of practice. They also want tools to enhance their abilities to better assist these patients.
文摘Purpose: Physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia is a growing challenge to public health. This study aimed to define the relationship between the physical activity level (PAL) and adult Saudi health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: Participants of this study were 100 Saudi adult aged from 18 - 70 years. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) was used to measure the participant’s HRQoL. The SF-36 is comprised of 8 domains. The electronic version of the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to categorize participants in terms of physical activity level into;inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to treat the collected data. Results: Results showed that only 17% of the Saudi adults had active PAL. The PAL had significantly positive relationship with 4 domains of HRQoL including: physical functioning (P = 0.004), role limitations caused by physical health problems (P = 0.048), vitality (P = 0.009), and general health (P = 0.044). Results also confirmed that the younger the subject, the higher the PAL (P = 0.0001) and the better the HRQoL. This is true for all domains except the role limitations caused by emotional problems and emotional wellbeing. Conclusion: The poor physical activity level of adult Saudi negatively impacts their HRQoL.
文摘Twenty-first century is the age of knowledge economy,with the increase of the cooperation with a lot of countries where English is the native language,there are more and more joint corporation and foreign invested companies.So it is important for our students to have a mouth of fluent oral English,but now there is a problem in our college that students can not grasp the chances provided by the college to practice their oral English,and at this time with the effort of all oral English teachers,an activity of PBGS(Project Based Group Study) has produced and in this paper I mainly talk about how to carry it out effectively and let students get benefit from it.
文摘As a form of speaking practice,small-group discussion can be effective in that it makes learners less anxious about expressing themselves.Being topic-based,small-group discussion prepares learners for a wide range of topics and requires them to think critically.Language skills and communicative skills are honed during discussions.These advantages validate the effectiveness of small-group discussion as a form of speaking practice and entail proper execution in classes.
文摘一、内容分析本课时教学内容为Learn to Say、Match and Say和Let’s Sing三部分。Learn to Say板块以地图的形式呈现有关地点或建筑物的词汇,借助Mocky根据地图帮助Bobby寻找场所的情境,重点呈现询问地点及说明其相应位置的功能句型。Match and Say板块复现第一课时中故事的5幅图片,学生需要认读语句、观察图片、补全人物对话。同时,在情境中初步应用问路、指路的核心语言。