Although more widespread screening and routine adjuvant therapy has improved the outcome for breast cancer patients in recent years, there remains considerable scope for improving the efficacy, safety and tolerability...Although more widespread screening and routine adjuvant therapy has improved the outcome for breast cancer patients in recent years, there remains considerable scope for improving the efficacy, safety and tolerability of adjuvant therapy in the early stage disease and the treatment of advanced disease. Toremifene is a selective estrogen receptor modifier(SERM) that has been widely used for decades in hormone receptor positive breast cancer both in early and late stage disease. Its efficacy has been well established in nine prospective randomized phase Ⅲ trials compared to tamoxifen involving more than 5500 patients, as well as in several large uncontrolled and non-randomized studies. Although most studies show therapeutic equivalence between the two SERMs, some show an advantage for toremifene. Several meta-analyses have also confirmed that the efficacy of toremifene is at least as good as that of tamoxifen. In terms of safety and tolerability toremifene is broadly similar to tamoxifen although there is some evidence that toremifene is less likely to cause uterine neoplasms, serious vascular events andit has a more positive effect on serum lipids than does tamoxifen. Toremifene is therefore effective and safe in the treatment of breast cancer. It provides not only a useful therapeutic alternative to tamoxifen, but may bring specific benefits.展开更多
Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of toremifene on A549 human lung adenocarci- noma cells, and its sensibilization with gemcitabine, so that to provide a new clinical approach for non-sma...Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of toremifene on A549 human lung adenocarci- noma cells, and its sensibilization with gemcitabine, so that to provide a new clinical approach for non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： A549 cells were seeded into 96-well plates and exposed to different agents （gemcitabine or gemcitabine with toremifene）. The cytotoxicity of each agent was evaluated by MTT, cell cycle and apoptotic rate were detected by flow cytometry （FCM）. Results： 1. By using FCM, we found A549 cells in S and G2/M phases with toremifene decreased but increased in G0/G1 phase. The higher concentration of toremifene, the more decreased was when compared with the control group. 2. FCM showed toremifene＇s apoptosis effect on A549 cells increased with its increasing dose. 3. By MTT, toremifene had no cytotoxic effect on A549 cells at the concentration of 5 or 2.5 pmol/L. The IC5o of gemcitabine to A549 was 34.51 tJmol/L, and the combined group was 13.59 pmol/L. Conclusion： Toremifene could inhibit the growth of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Toremifene combined with gemcitabine showed significantly remarkable chemotherapy sensibilization on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.展开更多
TOR(target of rapam ycin)是一种进化上十分保守的丝氨酸(Ser)/苏氨酸(Thr)蛋白激酶,可以感知营养状况、能量、生长因子等信号,进而调节细胞的生长、增殖和凋亡等生理进程。本文综述了TOR的上、下游信号传导通路及各种氨基酸对TOR信号...TOR(target of rapam ycin)是一种进化上十分保守的丝氨酸(Ser)/苏氨酸(Thr)蛋白激酶,可以感知营养状况、能量、生长因子等信号,进而调节细胞的生长、增殖和凋亡等生理进程。本文综述了TOR的上、下游信号传导通路及各种氨基酸对TOR信号传导通路的影响,为探讨氨基酸调控蛋白质合成的作用机制及建立精确的营养供给技术提供了开创性思路。展开更多
TOR(target of rapamycin)是一种结构和功能高度保守的蛋白激酶,它能够通过整合营养、能量、生长因子等信号调节细胞的增殖、体积增大及细胞周期进程。作者综述了TOR激酶的上下游信号传导途径及氨基酸和能量等营养状况对这些信号传导通...TOR(target of rapamycin)是一种结构和功能高度保守的蛋白激酶,它能够通过整合营养、能量、生长因子等信号调节细胞的增殖、体积增大及细胞周期进程。作者综述了TOR激酶的上下游信号传导途径及氨基酸和能量等营养状况对这些信号传导通路和细胞生长的影响,为探讨营养调控体蛋白合成的机制及精准营养供给技术的建立提供宝贵的理论基础和开创性思路。展开更多
文摘Although more widespread screening and routine adjuvant therapy has improved the outcome for breast cancer patients in recent years, there remains considerable scope for improving the efficacy, safety and tolerability of adjuvant therapy in the early stage disease and the treatment of advanced disease. Toremifene is a selective estrogen receptor modifier(SERM) that has been widely used for decades in hormone receptor positive breast cancer both in early and late stage disease. Its efficacy has been well established in nine prospective randomized phase Ⅲ trials compared to tamoxifen involving more than 5500 patients, as well as in several large uncontrolled and non-randomized studies. Although most studies show therapeutic equivalence between the two SERMs, some show an advantage for toremifene. Several meta-analyses have also confirmed that the efficacy of toremifene is at least as good as that of tamoxifen. In terms of safety and tolerability toremifene is broadly similar to tamoxifen although there is some evidence that toremifene is less likely to cause uterine neoplasms, serious vascular events andit has a more positive effect on serum lipids than does tamoxifen. Toremifene is therefore effective and safe in the treatment of breast cancer. It provides not only a useful therapeutic alternative to tamoxifen, but may bring specific benefits.
基金Supported by a grant from the Project in 2009 of Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province of China(No.2009225009-5)
文摘Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of toremifene on A549 human lung adenocarci- noma cells, and its sensibilization with gemcitabine, so that to provide a new clinical approach for non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： A549 cells were seeded into 96-well plates and exposed to different agents （gemcitabine or gemcitabine with toremifene）. The cytotoxicity of each agent was evaluated by MTT, cell cycle and apoptotic rate were detected by flow cytometry （FCM）. Results： 1. By using FCM, we found A549 cells in S and G2/M phases with toremifene decreased but increased in G0/G1 phase. The higher concentration of toremifene, the more decreased was when compared with the control group. 2. FCM showed toremifene＇s apoptosis effect on A549 cells increased with its increasing dose. 3. By MTT, toremifene had no cytotoxic effect on A549 cells at the concentration of 5 or 2.5 pmol/L. The IC5o of gemcitabine to A549 was 34.51 tJmol/L, and the combined group was 13.59 pmol/L. Conclusion： Toremifene could inhibit the growth of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Toremifene combined with gemcitabine showed significantly remarkable chemotherapy sensibilization on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.
文摘TOR(target of rapam ycin)是一种进化上十分保守的丝氨酸(Ser)/苏氨酸(Thr)蛋白激酶,可以感知营养状况、能量、生长因子等信号,进而调节细胞的生长、增殖和凋亡等生理进程。本文综述了TOR的上、下游信号传导通路及各种氨基酸对TOR信号传导通路的影响,为探讨氨基酸调控蛋白质合成的作用机制及建立精确的营养供给技术提供了开创性思路。
文摘TOR(target of rapamycin)是一种结构和功能高度保守的蛋白激酶,它能够通过整合营养、能量、生长因子等信号调节细胞的增殖、体积增大及细胞周期进程。作者综述了TOR激酶的上下游信号传导途径及氨基酸和能量等营养状况对这些信号传导通路和细胞生长的影响,为探讨营养调控体蛋白合成的机制及精准营养供给技术的建立提供宝贵的理论基础和开创性思路。
