Based on the daily precipitation data of nine stations representing the Xijiang River valley and the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA) reanalysis data, this st...Based on the daily precipitation data of nine stations representing the Xijiang River valley and the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA) reanalysis data, this study uses the wavelet analysis and band-pass filter methods to investigate the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation characteristics of flood-causing rainstorms in the valley during the annually first raining seasons in 1968, 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2005. Results show that the daily precipitation in the valley exhibits significant quasi-biweekly (10 to 20 days) oscillations. The flood-causing rainstorms in the valley were mainly associated with the confluence of low-frequency warm and humid airflow in the lower latitudes and cold and dry airflow in the higher latitudes. The low-frequency vortexes were propagating or in control when this type of rainstorms took place over the valley, being favorable for the convergence of moisture at lower levels and thus vital to the formation of the rainstorms.展开更多
An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the an...An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the annually first raining season(AFRS). Pattern, magnitude and area of precipitation, evolution of synoptic situation, as well as apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink between different ensemble members are comparatively analyzed. The choice of parameterization scheme for land-surface processes gives rise to the largest influence on the precipitation prediction. The influences of cumulus-convection and cloud-microphysics processes are mainly focused on heavy rainfall;the use of cumulus-convection parameterization tends to produce large-area and light rainfall. Change in parameterization schemes for land-surface and cumulus-convection processes both will cause prominent change in forecast of both dynamic and thermodynamic variables, while change in cloud-microphysics processes show primary impact on dynamic variables. Comparing simplified Arakawa-Schubert and Kain-Fritsch with Betts-Miller-Janjic schemes, SLAB with NOAH schemes, as well as both WRF single moment 6-class and NCEP 3-class with simplified explicit schemes of phase-mixed cloud and precipitation shows that the former predicts stronger low-level jets and high humidity concentration, more convective rainfall and local heavy rainfall, and have better performance in precipitation forecast. Appropriate parameterization schemes can reasonably describe the physical process related to heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS, such as low-level convergence, latent heat release, vertical transport of heat and water vapor, thereby depicting the multi-scale interactions of low-level jet and meso-scale convective systems in heavy rainfall suitably, and improving the prediction of heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS as a result.展开更多
Two years of eddy covariance measurements of above- and below-canopy carbon fluxes and static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique measurements of soil respiration for three treatments (bare soil, soil+litt...Two years of eddy covariance measurements of above- and below-canopy carbon fluxes and static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique measurements of soil respiration for three treatments (bare soil, soil+litterfall, soil+litterfall+seedling) were carried out in a tropical seasonal rain forest. In addition, data of photosynthesis of dominant tree species and seedlings, leaf area index, litter production and decomposing speed, soil moisture, soil temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density within the forest were all measured concurrently. Data from January 2003 to December 2004 are used to present annual variability of carbon flux and relationships between carbon flux and impact factors. The results show that carbon flux of this forest presented unusual tendency of annual variation; above-canopy carbon fluxes were negative in the dry season (November-April) and mainly positive in the rainy season, but overall the forest is a carbon sink. Carbon flux has obviously diurnal variation in this tropical seasonal rain forest. Above-canopy carbon fluxes were negative in the daytime and absolute values were larger in the dry season than that in the rainy season, causing the forest to act as a carbon sink; at night, carbon fluxes were mainly positive, causing the forest to act as a carbon source. Dominant tree species have greater photosynthesis capability than that of seedlings, which have a great effect on above-canopy carbon flux. There was a significant correlation between above-canopy carbon flux and rate of photosynthesis of tree species. There was also a significant correlation between above-canopy carbon flux and rate of photosynthesis of seedlings; however, the below-canopy carbon flux was only significantly correlated with rate of photosynthesis of seedlings during the hot-dry season. Soil respiration of the three treatments displayed a markedly seasonal dynamic; in addition, above-canopy carbon fluxes correlated well with soil respiration, litterfall production, litterfall decomposition rate, precipitation, and soil moisture and temperature. A primary statistical result of this study showed that above-canopy carbon flux in this forest presented carbon source or sink effects in different seasons, and it is a carbon sink at the scale of a year.展开更多
利用1961—2013年华南区域305个国家级气象台站日降水资料、1980—2013年5—6月NCEP/CFSR再分析资料（分辨率0.5×0.5）等,定义华南前汛期持续性暴雨和暴雨持续日数,分析近53 a华南前汛期持续性暴雨特征及其大尺度环流形势;归纳有...利用1961—2013年华南区域305个国家级气象台站日降水资料、1980—2013年5—6月NCEP/CFSR再分析资料（分辨率0.5×0.5）等,定义华南前汛期持续性暴雨和暴雨持续日数,分析近53 a华南前汛期持续性暴雨特征及其大尺度环流形势;归纳有利于华南前汛期持续性暴雨发生的4种典型环流类型。结果表明：（1）华南前汛期持续性暴雨过程主要集中在5—6月,并存在准20 a振荡周期;1960年代前半段6月暴雨次数多,1960年代末期到1980年代5月暴雨次数明显增加,1990年代至2013年暴雨主要出现在6月,2006年后5月暴雨次数逐渐增加;暴雨过程持续日数一般3~4 d,超过10 d以上的单次过程仅4次。（2）华南前汛期持续性暴雨分为东亚槽底型、两脊一槽型、多涡旋型和纬向型,东亚槽底型和两脊一槽型次数相对较多,主要发生在5月下旬—6月下旬;纬向型次数最少,主要在5月上旬—6月初。（3）各型持续性暴雨过程500 h Pa中高纬地区环流特征各异,其共性是均有利于北方冷空气南下影响华南,低纬地区西太平洋副热带高压（副高）和孟加拉湾南支低槽维持少动,低层850 h Pa华南盛行西南暖湿急流;持续10 d左右的暴雨过程相较持续3~5 d的暴雨过程,副高位置偏西偏强,华南上空多短波槽活动,850 h Pa西南季风气流位置偏西偏北、风速偏大。展开更多
利用地面常规气象站、区域自动气象站及NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°再分析资料,对近10年江门前汛期的大暴雨进行分类和合成对比分析。结果表明:江门前汛期大暴雨可分为3类,暖区型是最主要的类型,降水强度最大;锋面型最少,降水...利用地面常规气象站、区域自动气象站及NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°再分析资料,对近10年江门前汛期的大暴雨进行分类和合成对比分析。结果表明:江门前汛期大暴雨可分为3类,暖区型是最主要的类型,降水强度最大;锋面型最少,降水强度小但伴有雷雨大风;热带型以强降水为主。锋面型200 h Pa上空存在一条急流轴位于长江中下游的急流带。暖区型500 h Pa上深厚的南支槽对大暴雨的发生和维持有重要作用,热带型与江门附近的低涡活动密切相关。江门上空的水汽通量暖区型和热带型是锋面型的近2倍;锋面型的高空强辐散,是发生雷雨大风的有利天气形势。展开更多
使用地面逐小时加密观测资料、6 h间隔的NCEP(水平分辨率1°×1°)的fnl全球再分析资料、micaps观测资料,通过分析2011年和2012年广东省2次首场暴雨过程的环流形势、水汽条件、热力条件、动力条件,得到以下结论:2次过程一...使用地面逐小时加密观测资料、6 h间隔的NCEP(水平分辨率1°×1°)的fnl全球再分析资料、micaps观测资料,通过分析2011年和2012年广东省2次首场暴雨过程的环流形势、水汽条件、热力条件、动力条件,得到以下结论:2次过程一次为持续性弱降水导致暴雨;一次是短时强降水导致暴雨。2次暴雨过程均受南支槽前和副高西北侧西南气流影响;2次过程均有比较好的水汽条件,但水汽辐合存在强弱和持续程度不同的区别;2次暴雨过程的暴雨区850 h Pa均处在θWse高值区的下游,"110318"暴雨过程开始前和开始后均没有出现CAPE值,而"120304"过程气块从850 h Pa抬升则出现CAPE;2次过程上升气流也存在持续性和强弱的区别。展开更多
基金Project of Science and Technology Program of Guangdong (2006B37202004)Key project of Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (2007Z1-E0101)+2 种基金Project of Science and Technology Programof Guangdong (2009A030302012)Specialized Project for Forecasters of Promotion of New Technology of China Meteorological Administration (CMATG2007Y04)Project of Guangdong Meteorlogical Bureau(2008A02)
文摘Based on the daily precipitation data of nine stations representing the Xijiang River valley and the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA) reanalysis data, this study uses the wavelet analysis and band-pass filter methods to investigate the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation characteristics of flood-causing rainstorms in the valley during the annually first raining seasons in 1968, 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2005. Results show that the daily precipitation in the valley exhibits significant quasi-biweekly (10 to 20 days) oscillations. The flood-causing rainstorms in the valley were mainly associated with the confluence of low-frequency warm and humid airflow in the lower latitudes and cold and dry airflow in the higher latitudes. The low-frequency vortexes were propagating or in control when this type of rainstorms took place over the valley, being favorable for the convergence of moisture at lower levels and thus vital to the formation of the rainstorms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41405104)Specialized Project for Public Welfare Industries(Meteorological Sector)(GYHY201306004)+2 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project(2012A061400012)Project of Guangdong Provincial Meteorological Bureau for Science and Technology(2013A04)Science and Technology Plan for the 12th Five-Year of Social and Economic Development(2012BAC22B00)
文摘An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the annually first raining season(AFRS). Pattern, magnitude and area of precipitation, evolution of synoptic situation, as well as apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink between different ensemble members are comparatively analyzed. The choice of parameterization scheme for land-surface processes gives rise to the largest influence on the precipitation prediction. The influences of cumulus-convection and cloud-microphysics processes are mainly focused on heavy rainfall;the use of cumulus-convection parameterization tends to produce large-area and light rainfall. Change in parameterization schemes for land-surface and cumulus-convection processes both will cause prominent change in forecast of both dynamic and thermodynamic variables, while change in cloud-microphysics processes show primary impact on dynamic variables. Comparing simplified Arakawa-Schubert and Kain-Fritsch with Betts-Miller-Janjic schemes, SLAB with NOAH schemes, as well as both WRF single moment 6-class and NCEP 3-class with simplified explicit schemes of phase-mixed cloud and precipitation shows that the former predicts stronger low-level jets and high humidity concentration, more convective rainfall and local heavy rainfall, and have better performance in precipitation forecast. Appropriate parameterization schemes can reasonably describe the physical process related to heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS, such as low-level convergence, latent heat release, vertical transport of heat and water vapor, thereby depicting the multi-scale interactions of low-level jet and meso-scale convective systems in heavy rainfall suitably, and improving the prediction of heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS as a result.
基金We give thanks to Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences for help on this project. We offer special thanks to Mr. Liu Mengnan, Zhou Zhihua, Cao Bizhong, Chen Defu,Lu Yun, Li Qinghua and Li Zhongfei for assistance with the fieldwork. This work was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX1-SW-01-01)the Development Program in Basic Science of China (Grant No. 2002CB412501).
文摘Two years of eddy covariance measurements of above- and below-canopy carbon fluxes and static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique measurements of soil respiration for three treatments (bare soil, soil+litterfall, soil+litterfall+seedling) were carried out in a tropical seasonal rain forest. In addition, data of photosynthesis of dominant tree species and seedlings, leaf area index, litter production and decomposing speed, soil moisture, soil temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density within the forest were all measured concurrently. Data from January 2003 to December 2004 are used to present annual variability of carbon flux and relationships between carbon flux and impact factors. The results show that carbon flux of this forest presented unusual tendency of annual variation; above-canopy carbon fluxes were negative in the dry season (November-April) and mainly positive in the rainy season, but overall the forest is a carbon sink. Carbon flux has obviously diurnal variation in this tropical seasonal rain forest. Above-canopy carbon fluxes were negative in the daytime and absolute values were larger in the dry season than that in the rainy season, causing the forest to act as a carbon sink; at night, carbon fluxes were mainly positive, causing the forest to act as a carbon source. Dominant tree species have greater photosynthesis capability than that of seedlings, which have a great effect on above-canopy carbon flux. There was a significant correlation between above-canopy carbon flux and rate of photosynthesis of tree species. There was also a significant correlation between above-canopy carbon flux and rate of photosynthesis of seedlings; however, the below-canopy carbon flux was only significantly correlated with rate of photosynthesis of seedlings during the hot-dry season. Soil respiration of the three treatments displayed a markedly seasonal dynamic; in addition, above-canopy carbon fluxes correlated well with soil respiration, litterfall production, litterfall decomposition rate, precipitation, and soil moisture and temperature. A primary statistical result of this study showed that above-canopy carbon flux in this forest presented carbon source or sink effects in different seasons, and it is a carbon sink at the scale of a year.
文摘利用1961—2013年华南区域305个国家级气象台站日降水资料、1980—2013年5—6月NCEP/CFSR再分析资料（分辨率0.5×0.5）等,定义华南前汛期持续性暴雨和暴雨持续日数,分析近53 a华南前汛期持续性暴雨特征及其大尺度环流形势;归纳有利于华南前汛期持续性暴雨发生的4种典型环流类型。结果表明：（1）华南前汛期持续性暴雨过程主要集中在5—6月,并存在准20 a振荡周期;1960年代前半段6月暴雨次数多,1960年代末期到1980年代5月暴雨次数明显增加,1990年代至2013年暴雨主要出现在6月,2006年后5月暴雨次数逐渐增加;暴雨过程持续日数一般3~4 d,超过10 d以上的单次过程仅4次。（2）华南前汛期持续性暴雨分为东亚槽底型、两脊一槽型、多涡旋型和纬向型,东亚槽底型和两脊一槽型次数相对较多,主要发生在5月下旬—6月下旬;纬向型次数最少,主要在5月上旬—6月初。（3）各型持续性暴雨过程500 h Pa中高纬地区环流特征各异,其共性是均有利于北方冷空气南下影响华南,低纬地区西太平洋副热带高压（副高）和孟加拉湾南支低槽维持少动,低层850 h Pa华南盛行西南暖湿急流;持续10 d左右的暴雨过程相较持续3~5 d的暴雨过程,副高位置偏西偏强,华南上空多短波槽活动,850 h Pa西南季风气流位置偏西偏北、风速偏大。
文摘利用地面常规气象站、区域自动气象站及NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°再分析资料,对近10年江门前汛期的大暴雨进行分类和合成对比分析。结果表明:江门前汛期大暴雨可分为3类,暖区型是最主要的类型,降水强度最大;锋面型最少,降水强度小但伴有雷雨大风;热带型以强降水为主。锋面型200 h Pa上空存在一条急流轴位于长江中下游的急流带。暖区型500 h Pa上深厚的南支槽对大暴雨的发生和维持有重要作用,热带型与江门附近的低涡活动密切相关。江门上空的水汽通量暖区型和热带型是锋面型的近2倍;锋面型的高空强辐散,是发生雷雨大风的有利天气形势。
文摘使用地面逐小时加密观测资料、6 h间隔的NCEP(水平分辨率1°×1°)的fnl全球再分析资料、micaps观测资料,通过分析2011年和2012年广东省2次首场暴雨过程的环流形势、水汽条件、热力条件、动力条件,得到以下结论:2次过程一次为持续性弱降水导致暴雨;一次是短时强降水导致暴雨。2次暴雨过程均受南支槽前和副高西北侧西南气流影响;2次过程均有比较好的水汽条件,但水汽辐合存在强弱和持续程度不同的区别;2次暴雨过程的暴雨区850 h Pa均处在θWse高值区的下游,"110318"暴雨过程开始前和开始后均没有出现CAPE值,而"120304"过程气块从850 h Pa抬升则出现CAPE;2次过程上升气流也存在持续性和强弱的区别。
