Post-Buckling Behavior of Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Axial, Bending and Torsion Loads

In present work, post-buckling behavior of imperfect (of eigen form) laminated composite cylindrical shells with different L/D and R/t ratios subjected to axial, bending and torsion loads has been investigated by using an equilibrium path approach in the finite element analysis. The Newton-Raphson approach as well as the arc-length approach is used to ensure the correctness of the equilibrium paths up to the limit point load. Post-buckling behavior of imperfect cylindrical shells with different L/D and R/t ratios of interest is obtained and the theoretical knock-down factors are reported for the considered cylindrical shells.

Nonlinear analysis on dynamic buckling of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded material toroidal shell segment surrounded by elastic foundations in thermal environment and under time-dependent torsional loads

The nonlinear analysis with an analytical approach on dynamic torsional buckling of stiffened functionally graded thin toroidal shell segments is investigated. The shell is reinforced by inside stiffeners and surrounded by elastic foundations in a thermal environment and under a time-dependent torsional load. The governing equations are derived based on the Donnell shell theory with the yon Karman geometrical nonlinearity, the Stein and McElman assumption, the smeared stiffeners technique, and the Galerkin method. A deflection function with three terms is chosen. The thermal parameters of the uniform temperature rise and nonlinear temperature conduction law are found in an explicit form. A closed-form expression for determining the static critical torsional load is obtained. A critical dynamic torsional load is found by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and the Budiansky-Roth criterion. The effects of stiffeners, foundations, material, and dimensional parameters on dynamic responses of shells are considered.

Torsionally coupled dynamic performance analysis of asymmetric offshore platforms subjected to wave and earthquake loadings

The dynamic equations of motion of asymmetric offshore platforms under three different environmental conditions:seismic action,wave action and their combination are established in this paper. In establishing these motion equations,three typical eccentricity types including mass eccentricity,rigidity eccentricity and their combination were considered,as are eccentricities that occur un-idirectionally and bi-directionally. The effects of the eccentricity type,the dynamic characteristics and the environmental conditions on the torsional coupling response of platforms are investigated and compared. An effort has also been made to analyze the inffluence of accidental eccentricity on asymmetric platforms with different eccentricity in two horizontally orthogonal directions. The results are given in terms of non-dimensional parameters,accounting for the uncoupled torsional to lateral frequency ratio. Numerical results reveal that the eccentricity type has a great inffluence on the torsionally coupled response under different environmental conditions. Therefore,it is necessary to consider the combination of earthquake and wave action in the seismic response analysis of some offshore platforms.

Fracture Analysis for Torsion Problems of a Gravity Platform Column with Cracks Under Wind Load

Ocean platforms are subjected to a variety of environment loads,such as those from winds,waves,currents,etc.In this study,the torsion problems of a gravity platform column with cracks under wind load were investigated.The column was assumed to be a composite cylinder.Therefore the torsion fracture problem of a composite cylinder was considered,and new boundary integral equations for the Saint-Venant torsion problem of a composite cylinder with curvilinear cracks were derived.The problem was reduced to solving the boundary integral equations on every boundary.By using the new boundary element method,the torsion problem of the gravity platform column with a straight crack under various wind loads was calculated.The obtained results were compared with those obtained for a torsion problem of the same column without cracks to prove the applicability of the present method.The comparison showed that the detrimental effect of cracks in a column should be considered in marine engineering.

压弯剪扭复合作用下灌浆套筒装配式RC墩的抗震性能

随着城市交通的快速发展,对其建设要求越来越高,城市桥梁主要为匝道桥、斜交桥等非规则桥梁.为得到压弯剪扭等复合地震作用下装配式墩的损伤机理和滞回特性,进行了灌浆套筒连接(Grouting Sleeve,GS)、灌浆套筒和钢管混凝土剪力键组合连接(Grouting Sleeve and Steel-tube,GSS)装配式墩和钢筋混凝土现浇(Reinforced Concrete,RC)墩等三种桥墩在压弯剪扭复合作用下的拟静力试验.结合现有混凝土结构设计规范计算剪扭相关曲线,并与试验结果进行对比,分析装配式墩复合荷载作用下的剪扭承载能力.结果表明:GS构件与RC构件以压弯扭破坏为主,而插入钢管剪力键的GSS构件则发生塑性铰上移,呈现出剪扭破坏的特征.GS构件和RC构件具有较好的弯曲耗能能力,增加钢管剪力键的GSS构件则可以提升抗弯承载力.装配式墩接头导致其整体性较弱,GS构件和GSS构件抗扭承载力小于RC构件.各构件在复合荷载作用下的剪扭相关关系接近规范中的1/4圆理论曲线,研究结果可以为灌浆套筒连接装配式墩在压弯剪扭复合作用下的抗震性能分析提供参考.

黏接结构在扭转循环载荷下力学行为的试验与理论研究

在应变控制的试验条件下,对圆柱形中空对接试件进行了扭转循环加载的试验,分析了平均剪应变和剪应变幅值对黏接结构的扭转循环应力松弛和软化的影响.试验结果表明:在扭转循环载荷作用下,黏接结构的应力-应变响应曲线形状为下凹形,说明该黏接结构在扭转循环载荷下黏接界面的变形较小,且黏接结构出现了扭转循环应力松弛和循环软化情况.松弛应力在初始阶段下降较快,但随着循环次数的增加逐渐稳定.循环软化在循环加载的初始几圈较为严重,随着循环圈数的增加而减弱.平均剪应变与剪应变幅值的增大都会导致黏接结构的扭转应力松弛与循环软化加剧.此外,通过此黏接结构在扭转循环载荷作用下的力学行为试验分析,本文提出了一个可描述黏接结构在扭转循环载荷下力学响应的非线性黏-弹性循环模型,考虑了扭转循环应力松弛及循环软化的变化规律,以及平均剪应变与剪应变幅值对其力学响应的影响.通过模型计算结果与试验曲线对比,可以看出模型计算的应力-应变响应循环曲线与试验曲线重合度较好,证明该模型可以较好地描述黏接结构在不同循环载荷条件下的力学行为.此研究结果可为黏接结构及相关复合材料疲劳损伤的预测与评价提供试验和理论支持.

双层圆钢管混凝土长柱压扭滞回性能试验

为研究双层圆钢管混凝土长柱在压、扭荷载作用下的力学性能,利用研制的Stewart六自由度加载平台,进行了两个普通圆钢管混凝土长柱和两个双层圆钢管混凝土长柱试件在纯扭、压扭作用下的低周往复试验。对比分析了各试件的承载力、扭转变形、耗能、滞回性能,进行了有限元参数分析。研究表明:普通圆钢管混凝土长柱和双层圆钢管混凝土长柱均具有较好的抗扭能力;与普通圆钢管混凝土长柱相比,双层圆钢管混凝土长柱的初始刚度和承载力略有提升,滞回曲线更饱满,耗能能力和延性大幅提升;参数分析表明含钢率一定时,内层钢管径厚比越大,对抗扭越有利;一定范围内的轴向荷载,可提高钢管混凝土柱的抗扭能力。

轴扭耦合作用下膜盘联轴器扭转刚度特性研究

微型燃机轴系在实际工况下,往往因多种因素影响而受到耦合载荷的作用。膜盘联轴器作为燃气轮机上连接双跨转子的关键柔性零件,其耦合刚度成为影响系统静、动态性能的重要参数。当前,膜盘联轴器单载刚度研究较多,耦合刚度特性不明,不利于其设计技术及轴系稳定性的提升。基于这一问题,通过简化膜盘联轴器求解模型,以仿真分析对该型膜盘联轴器在轴向载荷和扭转载荷共同作用下联轴器整体的扭转刚度特性进行研究,并对比了纯扭转条件下扭转刚度特性,结果表明在轴扭耦合作用下,膜盘联轴器扭转刚度整体表现出非线性特性;在扭转载荷与轴向载荷之比小于0.25时,轴扭耦合效应明显,膜盘联轴器扭转刚度下降;在扭转载荷与轴向载荷之比大于等于0.25时,耦合效应可忽略不计,可视作纯扭转状态。这一特性为进一步深入研究膜盘联轴器对轴系动态性能的影响关系及其优化设计奠定了基础。

冰载荷激励下内河船推进轴系扭转振动研究

以一艘内河实船推进轴系为例,利用场矩阵法与霍尔兹表法研究系统自由扭振固有频率,根据1阶及2阶固有频率下的共振转速通过放大系数法及场矩阵法对比研究柴油机稳态激励下系统强制扭振,分析两种方法的频域结果.利用Newmark积分及编程计算求解冰载荷下轴系扭转应力的时域响应,对比分析冰载荷下轴系瞬时扭转应力与柴油机激励下的稳态扭转应力.结果表明:冰块撞击后轴系扭转应力超过许用应力值并远大于无冰块撞击时的扭转应力.

水力脉动下水泵水轮机轴系扭振及疲劳寿命分析

针对某306 MW抽水蓄能机组,建立主轴扭振集中惯量模型,计算轴系扭振特性,采用应变测试技术分别在25%、50%、75%、100%负荷下进行扭矩测试与甩负荷试验。测试发现,25%负荷工况下,轴系存在扭矩脉动,该扭矩脉动与低负荷水力不稳定现象有关,机组升到高负荷后,扭矩脉动现象消失,扭矩脉动频率与甩负荷试验所得轴系扭振频率相同。由应变测试截面扭矩脉动推算转轮端面扭矩脉动,计算轴系扭矩脉动响应,分别对甩负荷工况与扭矩脉动下进行疲劳寿命分析。结果发现,甩负荷工况对轴系疲劳寿命影响较小,25%负荷扭矩脉动对轴系疲劳寿命存在一定的影响。机组在运行时应减少在25%负荷区域停留时间,降低轴系疲劳寿命损耗。

模拟路面负载的驱动电机扭转疲劳试验系统升级研究

目前的驱动电机扭转疲劳试验系统无法实现高精度模拟路面负载加载功能,为了精确开展电动汽车驱动电机扭转疲劳试验,文章以频域迭代自学习控制方法为基础,对现有的电动汽车驱动电机扭转疲劳试验加载系统进行升级,根据扭转疲劳试验加载系统结构原理建立了系统仿真模型并进行仿真,通过采集试验场强化路面负载完成了对升级后的扭转疲劳试验加载系统的试验验证,试验结果表明:改进后的试验系统能够高精度模拟路面负载,具有重要的工程应用价值。

双馈型风电机组传动链降载控制技术研究与仿真

为定量研究双馈型风力发电机组传动链的扭振控制,提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的反馈控制策略,并通过仿真计算的方式对比了传动链扭振的控制效果。以7.0 MW双馈型风力发电机组传动链为研究对象,采用卡尔曼滤波估计传动链扭振角度,并以低速轴扭振速度估计值为参考设计了发电机附加电磁转矩作用于风电机组转矩控制,与虚拟阻尼控制、无阻尼控制进行了20年全生命周期内的载荷与发电量计算对比。结果表明:经过卡尔曼滤波估计的低速轴扭角与实际值的相关性可以达到0.99;基于卡尔曼滤波的反馈控制分别与虚拟阻尼控制、无阻尼控制的关键差异为,传动链低速轴等效疲劳载荷分别降低2.11%、4.89%,传动链高速轴等效疲劳载荷分别降低1.99%、4.78%,发电量分别降低200、700 k W·h。卡尔曼滤波对传动链扭角估计较准确,且以卡尔曼滤波估计得到的低速轴扭振速度设计的附加电磁转矩对传动链扭振具有非常好的抑制效果。

腹板对扁平多室箱梁抗扭性能的优化分析

为分析偏载作用下腹板参数对扁平多室箱梁抗扭性能的影响,以临海市临海大桥主梁为工程背景,利用ANSYS有限元软件分别建立不同截面形式的扁平多室箱梁有限元模型,研究在偏载作用下,扁平多室箱梁在不同中腹板间距和中腹板厚度下截面竖向位移与扭转畸变角的变化规律,并评估不同截面形式对箱梁抗扭性能的影响。研究结果表明:在偏载作用下,带有横隔板的箱梁以产生截面整体扭转为主;腹板参数对箱梁抗扭性能有较大影响,合理调节中腹板间距和厚度均可提高箱梁抗扭刚度。中腹板间距d=10.0 m的箱梁截面抗扭刚度较d=0.0 m的提升了15.7%;中腹板厚度t_(3)=0.0 m的箱梁截面抗扭刚度较t_(3)=0.60 m的提升38.2%。同时,腹板数量的增加可以改善箱梁的抗弯性能,提高箱梁顶底板之间的联系,从而提升箱梁整体稳定性。该结论可为类似箱梁截面设计提供理论参考。

基于ANSYS的钢筋丝头检测仿真分析

钢筋作为节材节能环保产品,在建筑工程中大力推广应用,是加快转变经济发展方式的有效途径,对于一些面积较大的建筑进行修筑时,需要把钢筋用连接套筒连接起来使用,所以钢筋丝头的检测是重中之重,在检测时装置需要承受着最大程度的扭转负荷,其强度的构建与构造具有决定性的影响,所以,对于检测装置的设计需要遵循科学合理的准则。本文通过使用SolidWorks工具创建了钢筋丝头检测装置的三维模型,并提取出检测头与钢筋丝头的模型为.x_t格式的文件后,将其输入到ANSYS软件里进行网格划分。借助Workbench平台对检测头与钢筋丝头进行了有限元模拟,从而获取到了该检测系统的形变及应力分布图像,并对它们应力反应是否符合检测的标准进行了评估。

简支转连续钢-混组合梁负弯矩区连接构造受力性能试验研究

以国内某座简支转连续钢-混组合梁桥工程为依托,设计了两根负弯矩区具有混凝土横梁连续段的试验梁SCB-1和SCB-2,针对不同荷载作用下两根梁的受力性能进行室内试验研究,同时就试验过程中的构件扭转现象进行了有限元分析。结果表明:极限荷载下试验梁破坏模式为钢筋先屈服,负弯矩区横梁连接栓钉受力约为220MPa,满足使用要求,试验梁裂缝主要集中在横梁中线两侧1/5~1/3计算跨径范围内,是构件抗裂的关键区域;构件设计过程中应尽量避免偏载和不均匀支撑的共同作用;扭转现象使得构件整体受力性能降低约20%,实际工程中建议增加横向连接刚度。

高墩格构式支架风致响应和扭转效应分析

针对格构式高支架杆件长、直径小、整体结构轻极易受到风荷载影响的问题,采用有限元模拟的方法建立四腿和六腿格构式高支架精细有限元模型,并通过时域法对模型进行修正,得出格构式高支架在10级风荷载作用下的位移,获取风振系数并对扭转响应和扭转风荷载进行分析。结果表明,四腿单柱格构式高支架在10级风下纵桥向的最大位移为85.9 mm,六腿格构式高支架在10级风下纵桥向的最大位移为42.8 mm,精细有限元模型可以很好地模拟两种不同工况下风荷载对杆件的影响。

Analytical and Numerical Models to Predict the Behavior of Unbonded Flexible Risers Under Torsion

This paper presents analytical and numerical models to predict the behavior of unbonded flexible risers under torsion.The analytical model takes local bending and torsion of tensile armor wires into consideration,and equilibrium equations of forces and displacements of layers are deduced.The numerical model includes lay angle,cross-sectional profiles of carcass,pressure armor layer and contact between layers.Abaqus/Explicit quasi-static simulation and mass scaling are adopted to avoid convergence problem and excessive computation time caused by geometric and contact nonlinearities.Results show that local bending and torsion of helical strips may have great influence on torsional stiffness,but stress related to bending and torsion is negligible;the presentation of anti-friction tapes may have great influence both on torsional stiffness and stress;hysteresis of torsion-twist relationship under cyclic loading is obtained by numerical model,which cannot be predicted by analytical model because of the ignorance of friction between layers.

Dynamic load sharing characteristics and sun gear radial orbits of double-row planetary gear train

A new non-linear bending-torsional coupled model for double-row planetary gear set was proposed, and planet's eccentricity error, static transmission error, and time-varying meshing stiffness were taken into consideration. The solution of differential governing equation of motion is determined by applying the Fourier series method. The behaviors of dynamic load sharing characteristics affected by the system parameters including gear eccentricities error, ring gear's supporting stiffness, planet's bearing stiffness, torsional stiffness of first stage carrier and input rotation rate were investigated qualitatively and systematically, and sun gear radial orbits at first and second stage were explored as well. Some theoretical results are summarized as guidelines for further research and design of double-row planetary gear train at last.

THE DYNAMIC BUCKLING OF AN ORTHOTROPIC CYLINDRICAL THIN SHELL UNDER TORSION VARYING AS A POWER FUNCTION OF TIME

The subject of this investigation is to study the buckling of orthotropic cylindrical thin shells under torsion, which is a power function of time. The dynamic stability and compatibility equations are obtained first. These equations are subsequently reduced to a time dependent differential equation with variable coefficient by using Galerkin's method. Finally, the critical dynamic and static loading, the corresponding wave numbers, the dynamic factors, critical time and critical impulse are found analytically by applying the Ritz type variational method. Using those results, the effects of the variations of the power of time in the torsion load expression, of the loading parameter, the ratio of the Young's moduli and the ratio of the radius to thickness on the critical parameters are studied numerically. It is observed that these factors have appreciable effects on the critical parameters of the problem in the heading.

Segmental Bridges under Combined Torsion, Bending and Shear

Segmental bridges with unbonded prestressed tendons have some advantages, such as the weather independence and the corrosion protection of prestressing tendons. This paper analyzed the behavior of a prestressed segmental bridge with unbonded tendons under combined loading of torsion, bending and shear. According to the experiment research, a modified skew bending model was developed to calculate the bearing capacity of segmental bridges subjected to combined bending, shear and torsion. The finite element method was used to investigate the deflection behaviors of such structure, also to check the theoretical model. The theoretical and FEM research results were compared favorably with the test results from Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany. Finally, suggestion for the design and construction of segmental bridges with external prestressing was made.