Contribution of tuned liquid column gas dampers to the performance of offshore wind turbines under wind, wave, and seismic excitations

The main intention of the present study is to reduce wind, wave, and seismic induced vibrations of jacket- type offshore wind turbines （JOWTs） through a newly developed vibration absorber, called tuned liquid column gas damper （TLCGD）. Using a Simulink-based model, an analytical model is developed to simulate global behavior of JOWTs under different dynamic excitations. The study is followed by a parametric study to explore efficiency of the TLCGD in terms of nacelle acceleration reduction under wind, wave, and earthquake loads. Study results indicate that optimum frequency of the TLCGD is rather insensitive to excitation type. In addition, while the gain in vibration control from TLCGDs with higher mass ratios is generally more pronounced, heavy TLCGDs are more sensitive to their tuned frequency such that ill-regulated TLCGD with high mass ratio can lead to destructive results. It is revealed that a well regulated TLCGD has noticeable contribution to the dynamic response of the JOWT under any excitation.

Optimum geometry of tuned liquid column-gas damper for control of offshore jacket platform vibrations under seismic excitation

In this study, the effectiveness of a tuned liquid column-gas damper, TLCGD, on the.suppression of seismic-induced vibrations of steel jacket platforms is evaluated. TLCGD is an interesting choice in the case of jacket platforms because it is possible to use the structural elements as the horizontal column of the TLCGD. The objective here is to find the optimum geometric parameters, namely orientation and configuration of vertical columns, length ratio, and area ratio of the TLCGD, considering nonlinear damping of the TLCGD and water-structure interaction between the jacket platform and sea water. The effects of different characteristics of ground motion such as PGA and frequency content on the optimum geometry are also investigated and it is observed that these features have some influence on the optimum area ratio. Finally it is observed that pulse arrangement of ground acceleration is one of the most important parameters affecting the efficiency of a TLCGD. In other words, it is found that the TLCGD＇s capability to reduce the RMS responses depends only on the frequency content of the ground acceleration, but its capability to reduce the maximum responses depends on both the frequency content and the pulse arrangement of the ground acceleration.

Torsionally Coupled Response Control of Offshore Platform Structures Using Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers

In this paper, the control performance is investigated of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) over torsional response of offshore platform structures excited by ground motions. Based on the equation of motion for the CTLCD-structure system, the optimal control parameters of CTLCD are given through some derivations on the supposition that the ground motion is a stochastic process. The influence of systematic parameters on the equivalent damping ratio of the structures is analyzed with purely torsional vibration and translational-torsional coupled vibration, respectively. The results show that the Circular Tuned Liquid Column Damper (CTLCD) is an effective torsional response control device.

Control performance comparison between tuned liquid damper and tuned liquid column damper using real-time hybrid simulation

Tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) are two types of passive control devices that are widely used in structural control. In this study, a real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) technique is employed to investigate the diff erence in control performance between TLD and TLCD. A series of RTHSs is presented with the premise of the same liquid length, mass ratio, and structural parameters. Herein, TLD and TLCD are physically experimented, and controlled structures are numerically simulated. Then, parametric studies are performed to further evaluate the diff erent performance between TLD and TLCD. Experimental results demonstrate that TLD is more eff ective than TLCD under diff erent amplitude excitations.

Impact of seismic excitation characteristics on the efficiency of tuned liquid column dampers

Various types of passive control systems have been used to suppress the seismic response of structures in recent years. Among these systems, Tuned Liquid Column Dampers （TLCDs） dissipate the input earthquake energy by combining the effects of the movement of the liquid mass in the container, the restoring force on the liquid due to the gravity loads and the damping due to the liquid movement through orifices. In this study, the effects of seismic excitation characteristics such as frequency content and soil condition on the seismic performance of TLCDs are investigated using nonlinear time-history analyses. In this regard, among the past earthquake ground motion records of Iran, 16 records with different parameters were selected. In the structural model developed, the attached TLCD is simulated as a Tuned Mass Damper （TMD） having the same vibration period and damping ratio as the original TLCD. The numerical results show that the seismic excitation characteristics have a substantial role on the displacement reduction capability of TLCDs and they should be considered accordingly in the design of TLCDs.

Wind-induced vibration control of bridges using liquid column damper

The potential application of tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges is explored in this paper.By installing the TLCD in the bridge deck,a mathematical model for the bridge-TLCD system is established.The governing equations of the system are developed by considering all three displacement components of the deck in vertical,lateral,and torsional vibrations,in which the interactions between the bridge deck,the TLCD,the aeroelastic forces,and the aerodynamic forces are fully reflected.Both buffeting and flutter analyses are carried out.The buffeting analysis is performed through random vibration approach,and a critical flutter condition is identified from flutter analysis.A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the control effectiveness of the damper and it is shown that the TLCD can be an effective device for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges,either for reducing the buffeting response or increasing the critical flutter wind velocity of the bridge.

调谐液柱阻尼器-结构系统风致振动响应的CFD/CSD耦合分析方法

针对调谐液柱阻尼器(tuned liquid column damper, TLCD)难以建立其精确的非线性理论分析模型,且其力学性能试验成本高和耗时长等问题,首先采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法,对TLCD系统的力学性能和动力特征进行仿真模拟,在此基础上进一步提出了基于计算流体动力学/计算结构动力学(CFD/CSD)耦合分析方法,求解带TLCD系统的高层建筑结构的风致动力响应。通过开展某一TLCD系统在特定底部激励下的力学性能和动力特性试验,得到其内液体晃荡的自由液面波高和晃动力时程,验证了CFD数值模拟方法可以准确地分析TLCD水箱内液体的非线性晃动特征。随后对风工程领域广泛采用的76层建筑结构振动控制Benchmark模型,假设其顶部设置TLCD系统时主体结构在三种风速重现期(10、50和100年)风速对应的横风向动力风荷载激励下的风致控制效率,采用提出的CFD/CSD耦合分析方法,进行了数值仿真模拟分析。耦合分析结果表明,TLCD系统对Benchmark模型的风致加速度、速度和位移响应均有一定的控制效果,对加速度响应的控制效果要优于对位移响应的控制效果。该研究方法可为复杂TLCD系统对高层建筑的风振控制分析提供有效的参考。

考虑桩基础柔性的固定式海上风力机调谐液柱阻尼器振动控制研究

采用线性耦合弹簧模拟风力机桩基础柔性,基于时域整体耦合分析方法,建立考虑桩基础柔性的海上风力机-调谐液柱阻尼器(TLCD)的耦合数值仿真模型,开展风浪联合作用下固定式海上风力机结构振动控制研究,探讨TLCD对于减振效果的影响,并结合频域响应揭示了TLCD的减振机理。研究表明,所设计TLCD通过调谐支撑结构一阶模态有效降低了固定式海上风力机结构自由衰减时程和耦合运动响应。与此同时,验证了不同设计工况下海上风力结构减振效果的差异,以及环境荷载与海上风力结构耦合效应对于TLCD减振效果的影响,进一步,依据海上风力机结构耦合运动响应控制率对TLCD的适用性和有效性进行了评价。

半主动U型液力阻尼器的结构振动控制

半主动控制系统由于其动力可调范围广、耗能小和内在稳定性好等特点 ,受到了普遍的关注。基于离复位控制 (OTE)算法 ,本文检验了一变阻尼半主动控制装置 -SATLCD的风振控制效果。本文的主要目标是研究OTE算法应用于SATLCD实施结构振动控制的可能性。数值研究确认了SATLCD的有效性和它相对于无控和被动控制的优越性 。

可调频调液柱型阻尼器振动控制参数研究

本文介绍了建筑结构利用可调频调液柱型阻尼器(TLCD)减小结构振动的控制系统,由于增设了频率控制装置,增加了TLCD的应用范围。文中阐述了利用TLCD系统减振的基本原理,确定了有关的影响参数并介绍了建筑结构利用TLCD进行振动控制的计算方法。

调液阻尼器对偏心结构扭转耦联振动控制的试验研究

通过振动台试验来验证调液阻尼器对偏心结构扭转耦联振动反应的减振效果及理论分析的正确性。设计了一个二层的单向偏心钢结构模型,在结构的顶层放置一个调液柱型阻尼器(TLCD)和一个环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)并对其参数进行优化设计,在振动台上,分别对结构无控时的反应和设置调液阻尼器后的反应进行试验研究。通过分析结构模型在地震波作用下的加速度和位移响应,结果表明,调液阻尼器能有效抑制结构的在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动,而且同时设置TLCD和CTLCD的减振效果要好于单独采用TLCD或CTLCD时的减振效果。

多维地震作用下非对称结构利用TLCD减震控制研究

本文提出在结构两正交方向同时设置Ｕ形调液阻尼器（ＴＬＣＤ）用来减小地震作用下的平动－扭转反应。文中建立了结构－ＴＬＣＤ体系在多维地震动作用下的运动方程，分析了系统参数对减震效果的影响，最后通过数值算例，给出了高层建筑平扭耦联地震反应的减震效果。

建筑结构利用TLCD减振的神经网络智能控制

本文提出了建筑结构利用调谐液体柱型阻尼器（ＴＬＣＤ）减振的神经网络智能控制方法．首先阐 述了确定ＴＬＨＤ半主动控制策略；然后利用ＢＰ人工神经网络方法计算并控制ＴＬＣＤ隔板孔洞的面 积，以调节和控制阻尼比，实现对建筑结构的智能控制．地震作用下的数值分析表明，本文所述 的方法是十分有效的。

主动调频液柱阻尼器基于遗传算法的LQR控制优化设计

ATLCD由调频液柱阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Column Damper,TLCD)发展而来,在TLCD液柱端部连接气压控制箱,通过引入控制气压对结构实施主动控制。采用被动TLCD优化设计方法设计阻尼比及频率比,采用LQR算法确定ATLCD系统的主动控制力,并对LQR算法中权矩阵采用遗传算法进行优化。以一五层钢框架结构为例,顶层装ATLCD用LQR算法进行主动控制,加载El-Centro地震波进行时程响应分析,比较无控结构及被、主动控制结构的时程响应结果表明,采用ATLCD的减振效果明显优于采用被动装置。

调谐液柱阻尼系统的半主动模糊控制

基于模糊控制理论,提出了一种新的控制策略和相应的算法,以解决结构使用TLCD(Tuned Liquid Col-umn Damper)阻尼器实施半主动控制的动力减振问题。在TLCD半主动控制系统中,液体对结构的反作用主要取决于液流的运动状态,它直接影响着结构的减振效果。由于液体和结构相互作用的复杂性,目前如何确定每一瞬时的液力阻尼系数,使液体运动处于最佳状态,仍是一个十分困难的问题。本研究的重点集中在控制策略的确定和模糊控制理论的应用上。通过液流运动,液体对结构的作用在形式上相当于施加了两个间接力:“液动阻力”和“势力”。根据二者对结构运动有利与否和结构的具体运动过程,确定出了相应的控制策略,并在此基础上发展了模糊控制规则。数值计算采用一个简化为单自由度系统的结构,使用了TLCD阻尼器实施半主动控制。在数值模拟中,一个模拟风作用的组合谐波被用来激励该系统。数值计算结果说明了TLCD半主动控制系统应用模糊控制理论的可行性和有效性。

超高层建筑结构组合调谐风振控制系统

为充分利用调谐液体阻尼器(TLCD)的经济性和调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的高效性,提出一种TLCD与TMD相结合的组合调谐阻尼器(CTD),从理论上说明CTD的合理性,推导其运动方程,引入协同损失因子评价其减振性能,并与TLCD和TMD的减振效果进行对比分析.研究表明:CTD不同参数配置时,协同损失因子不同,可达35%;相同参数配置下,CTD减振效果介于TMD和TLCD之间.综合经济和效率因素,CTD是一种很有竞争力的减振手段,具有广阔的工程应用前景.

半主动变刚度TLCD减振控制的研究

为改进被动式调频TLCD的减振特性,提出了半主动变刚度TLCD减振系统,基本原理是将调频TLCD的弹簧设置成可调谐状态,在振动过程中,根据减振系统的需要适时调整调频弹簧的开关状态。由Lagrange方程建立起半主动变刚度TLCD的运动方程,以一个单自由度结构体系为算例,分析了可变刚度对系统控制性能的影响。研究了半主动变刚度TLCD的减振性能。通过一个五层结构的算例,分别在谐波和地震波作用下,验证了半主动变刚度TLCD对多自由度结构体系的减振特性。结果表明,半主动变刚度TLCD具有更宽的减振频带,在TLCD的频率和结构振动的频率存在误差时,仍能保持较好的减振效果。

抑制桥板扭转振动的调频液体阻尼器

提出了一种抑制桥板扭转振动的调频液体阻尼器 (TLCD)模型 ,建立了 TLCD与桥板相互作用的运动方程。在简谐荷载作用下 ,分别在时域和频域内对 TLCD-桥板系统进行了动力分析。采用自适应的 Runge- Kutta- Fehlberg数值积分法求得系统的时程响应。为实现频域分析 ,对液体非线性运动方程进行了等效线性化 ,推导出 TLCD的等效阻尼比。通过算例表明 TLCD可有效抑制桥板扭转振动。最后 ,通过模型试验验证了理论模型的正确性。

波浪荷载作用下导管架海洋平台利用TLCD的振动控制

海洋平台是海洋能源开发的基础设施,除了安全性、稳定性要求之外,其舒适性也是倍受关注的问题之一。调液柱型阻尼器(tuned liquid column damper简称TLCD)通过液体在柱内的晃动从而消耗输入到平台结构的能量,以达到减小平台结构响应的目的。文中对安装有调(TLCD)的导管架海洋平台进行了振动控制分析。假设波浪荷载模型分别为高斯平稳白噪声过程和波浪谱模型,利用随机振动理论对不同的波浪荷载模型分别进行TLCD的参数优化,从而比较平台结构位移响应的减振率。为了更好地反映实际波浪特点,在采用波面谱的同时引入波浪的方向谱,比较计入波浪方向分布对结构响应控制的影响。

基于市场机制的TLCD半主动控制方案

基于市场机制控制是利用市场来模拟复杂的控制系统,用销售商和消费者来代替控制器和受控结构,从而将整个控制系统离散化,对结构的振动实施有效的控制。本文将基于市场机制的控制理论应用于TLCD半主动控制,提出了一种新的TLCD的半主动控制方案,即基于市场机制的TL CD半主动控制方案。首先建立TLCD-结构控制体系的运动方程,给出了半主动控制方案,用一个单自由度结构为例来阐述基于市场机制的TLCD半主动控制方案并对控制系统进行分析。然后用一个五层结构来验证这种方法的有效性。结果表明,基于市场机制的半主动TLCD开关控制不仅减振效果好,而且节约能量,简单易行,便于在实际工程中应用。