Bio-inspired Hydroxyapatite/Gelatin Transparent Nanocomposites

Hydroxyapatite(HA)nanoparticles impart outstanding mechanical properties to organicinorganic nanocomposites in bone.Inspired by the composite structure of HA nanoparticles and collagen in bone,a high performance HA/gelatin nanocomposite was first developed.The nanocomposites have much better mechanical properties(elongation at break 29.9%,tensile strength 90.7 MPa,Young’s modulus 5.24 GPa)than pure gelatin films(elongation at break 9.3%,tensile strength 90.8 MPa,Young’s modulus 2.5 GPa).In addition,the composite films keep a high transmittance in visible wavelength range from 0%to 60%of the HA solid content.These differences in properties are attributed to the homogeneous distribution of HA nanoparticles in the gelatin polymer matrix and the strong interaction between the particle surfaces and the gelatin molecules.This protocol should be promising for HA-based nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties for biomedical applications.

Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.

One-step cell biomanufacturing platform:porous gelatin microcarrier beads promote human embryonic stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell differentiation in vitro and survival after transplantation in vivo

Numerous studies have shown that cell replacement therapy can replenish lost cells and rebuild neural circuitry in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.Transplantation of midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells is a promising treatment for Parkinson’s disease.However,transplanted cells can be injured by mechanical damage during handling and by changes in the transplantation niche.Here,we developed a one-step biomanufacturing platform that uses small-aperture gelatin microcarriers to produce beads carrying midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells.These beads allow midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell differentiation and cryopreservation without digestion,effectively maintaining axonal integrity in vitro.Importantly,midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell bead grafts showed increased survival and only mild immunoreactivity in vivo compared with suspended midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell grafts.Overall,our findings show that these midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell beads enhance the effectiveness of neuronal cell transplantation.

Tissue Regeneration in Infected Wounds of Albino Rats Using Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Gelatin Microspheres Incorporated Collagen Scaffold: A Histological Approach with H&E Staining

A wound care system consisting of ciprofloxacin-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated in a macroporous collagen scaffold was created to effectively control wound infection and regenerate soft tissue at the wound site.Histological and biochemical alterations were observed in infected wounds treated with these scaffolds in Albino Wistar rats.Furthermore,the study examined the immediate and prolonged release of ciprofloxacin from the scaffolds,as well as their function in eliminating bacterial infections and expediting the process of skin healing and regeneration.The developed technique was followed in the streamlined process of creating these collagen scaffolds.Compared to untreated wounds,the group receiving scaffold treatment experienced a faster rate of wound closure.It was noted that the rate of infections was considerably reduced and that full soft tissue regeneration occurred within 12 days.The development of well-deposited collagen bundles in the treated groups was demonstrated by H&E staining,which verified the flawless regeneration of the dermis and epidermis.The antimicrobial agent-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated into the porous collagen scaffold demonstrated remarkable soft tissue regeneration and efficient infection control at the wound site.

Antibacterial Chitosan-Gelatin Microcapsules Modified with Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Food Packaging

Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are an effective antibacterial agent,but their application in food packaging is limited due to their easy agglomeration and oxidation.In this study,antibacterial microcapsules were fabricated using Ginkgo biloba essential oil(GBEO)as core material and chitosan and type B gelatin biopolymer as capsule mate-rials.These antibacterial microcapsules were then modified with green-synthesized Ag NPs,blended into the bio-polymer polylactic acid(PLA),and finally formed as films.Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were evaluated.Results showed that the prepared antibacterial PLA films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens.Its TVC exceeded the limit value of 7 log CFU/g at 7 days compared with the 5 days of pure PLA films.Therefore,these films can extend the shelf life of grass carp fillets by 2–3 days under refrigeration.

Alginate/gelatin/boron-doped hydroxyapatite-coated Ti implants:in vitro and in vivo evaluation of osseointegration

In this study,boron-doped hydroxyapatite(BHT)-loaded alginate/gelatin-based(A/G)hydrogel coating on Ti was fabricated to support bone integration through triggering osteoinduction,vascularization and immunomodulation.Initially,highly reproducible,cheap and time-effective BHT was produced,which significantly promoted higher osteogenic and angiogenic maturation,while a mild innate immune response was observed.The immense potential of BHT was evidenced by the production of a gap-filling A/G/BHT interphase on Ti implants to mimic the osseous extracellular matrix to achieve functional bridging and exert control over the course of innate immune response.We initially aminosilanized the implant surface using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane,and then coated it with 0.25%w/v alginate with 20 mM 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide to allowthe A/G/BHT pre-gel to disperse evenly and covalently attach on the surface.The pre-gel was added with 0.2 M NaCl to homogeneously blend BHT in the structure without inducing ionic crosslinking.Then,the coated implants were freeze-dried and stored.The coated layer demonstrated high cohesive and adhesive strength,and 8-month-long shelf-life at room temperature and normal humidity.The A/G/BHT was able to coat an irregularly shaped Ti implant.Osteoblasts and endothelial cells thrived on the A/G/BHT,and it demonstrated greatly improved osteogenic and angiogenic capacity.Moreover,A/G/BHT maintained macrophage viability and generated an acute increase in immune response that could be resolved rapidly.Finally,A/G/BHT was shown to induce the robust integration of implant in a rabbit femur osteochondral model within 2months.Therefore,we concluded that A/G/BHT coatings could serve as amultifunctional reservoir,promoting the strong and rapid osseointegration of metallic implants.

Broiler Feet Gelatine

The two waves period of the COVID-19 pandemic saw the use of hydro- alcoholic gel and the consumption of capsules containing improved traditional remedies. At one point, there was a stock-out and a price increase forthese products. Furthermore, in the food industry, the catering industry adopts gelatin in its current practice. Pig gelatin dominates the international market. And for some religious practices, pork is forbidden and yet these people consume them without taking notice. The production of gelatin from broiler feet seems economically viable because broiler feet are considered slaughterhouse waste that is sold at very low prices. The poultry industry has seen an increase in broiler farming over the last twenty years. However, the latter has all the characteristics required for the production of gelatin. It will therefore comply with the standards of use described in the international codex oenological for gelatins. Physical and chemical analyses such as, ash content, moisture content, and pH measurements were done for the extracted gelatins. Sensible elements are checked with ED XRF spectroscopy. All the results were good and showed without any doubt that broiler gelatin is edible.

3D-printed engineered bacteria-laden gelatin/sodium alginate composite hydrogels for biological detection of ionizing radiation

Nuclear safety is a global growing concern,where ionizing radiation(IR)is a major injury factor resulting in serious damage to organisms.The detection of IR is usually conducted with physical dosimeters;however,biological IR detection methods are deficient.Here,a living composite hydrogel consisting of engineered bacteria and gelatin/sodium alginate was 3D-printed for the biological detection of IR.Three strains of PrecA::egfp gene circuit-containing engineered Escherichia coli were constructed with IR-dependent fluorescence,and the DH5αstrain was finally selected due to its highest radiation response and fluorescence.Engineered bacteria were loaded in a series of gelatin/sodium alginate matrix hydrogels with different rheology,3D printability and bacterial applicability.A high-gelatin-content hydrogel containing 10%gelatin/1.25%sodium alginatewas optimal.The optimal living composite hydrogelwas 3D-printedwith the special bioink,which reported significant green fluorescence underγ-ray radiation.The living composite hydrogel provides a biological strategy for the detection of environmental ionizing radiation.

Comparison of ethanol-soaked gelatin sponge and microspheres for hepatic arterioportal fistulas embolization in hepatic cellular carcinoma

Hepatic arterioportal fistulas(APFs)are common in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Moreover,correlated with poor prognosis,APFs often complicate antitumor treatments,including transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).AIM To compare the efficacy of ethanol-soaked gelatin sponges(ESG)and microspheres in the management of APFs and their impact on the prognosis of HCC.METHODS Data from patients diagnosed with HCC or hepatic APFs between June 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Furthermore,APFs were embolized with ESG(group E)or microspheres(group M)during TACE.The primary outcomes were disease control rate(DCR)and objective response rate(ORR).The secondary outcomes included immediate and first follow-up APF improvement,overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS).RESULTS Altogether,91 participants were enrolled in the study,comprising 46 in group E and 45 in group M.The DCR was 93.5%and 91.1%in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.714).The ORRs were 91.3%and 66.7%in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.004).The APFs improved immediately after the procedure in 43(93.5%)patients in group E and 40(88.9%)patients in group M(P=0.485).After 2 mo,APF improvement was achieved in 37(80.4%)and 33(73.3%)participants in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.421).The OS was 26.2±1.4 and 20.6±1.1 mo in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.004),whereas the PFS was 16.6±1.0 and 13.8±0.7 mo in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.012).CONCLUSION Compared with microspheres,ESG embolization demonstrated a higher ORR and longer OS and PFS in patients of HCC with hepatic APFs.

Development of Gelatin-Based Active Packaging and Its Application in Bread Preservation

The issue of plastic pollution has attracted widespread social attention.Gelatin is valued as a degradable bio-based material,especially as an edible active packaging material.However,the commonly used solution-casting filmforming technology limits the mass production of gelatin films.In order to improve the production efficiency and enhance the commercial value of gelatin films,in this study,fish gelatin(FG)particles were successfully blended with essential oils(EOs)to prepare active films by melt extrusion technique,a common method for commercial plastics,and applied to bread preservation.FG and EOs showed good compatibility with each other.The elongation at break was enhanced in all samples of films containing EOs.The addition of EOs weakened the oxygen barrier properties of the FG films.The gelatin films containing clove EO showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging rate of 39.38%.The films containing oregano EO showed the highest antibacterial activity,with 98.84%and 99.86% against S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The bread preservation results showed a slower microbial growth rate in the samples preserved by the active films.The bread samples preserved in commercial PE film showed mold on day 3,and the bread samples preserved in active gelatin film showed mold visible to the naked eye by day 7.This study demonstrates the potential of gelatin-based activated films for commercial application in baked goods preservation.

Enhanced wound healing and hemostasis with exosome-loaded gelatin sponges from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

BACKGROUND Rapid wound healing remains a pressing clinical challenge,necessitating studies to hasten this process.A promising approach involves the utilization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)derived exosomes.The hypothesis of this study was that these exosomes,when loaded onto a gelatin sponge,a common hemostatic material,would enhance hemostasis and accelerate wound healing.AIM To investigate the hemostatic and wound healing efficacy of gelatin sponges loaded with hUC-MSCs-derived exosomes.METHODS Ultracentrifugation was used to extract exosomes from hUC-MSCs.Nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and western blot techniques were used to validate the exosomes.In vitro experiments were performed using L929 cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the exosomes and their impact on cell growth and survival.New Zealand rabbits were used for skin irritation experiments to assess whether they caused adverse skin reactions.Hemolysis test was conducted using a 2%rabbit red blood cell suspension to detect whether they caused hemolysis.Moreover,in vivo experiments were carried out by implanting a gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes subcutaneously in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats to perform biocompatibility tests.In addition,coagulation index test was conducted to evaluate their impact on blood coagulation.Meanwhile,SD rat liver defect hemostasis model and full-thickness skin defect model were used to study whether the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes effectively stopped bleeding and promoted wound healing.RESULTS The NTA,TEM,and western blot experimental results confirmed that exosomes were successfully isolated from hUC-MSCs.The gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes did not exhibit significant cell toxicity,skin irritation,or hemolysis,and they demonstrated good compatibility in SD rats.Additionally,the effectiveness of the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes in hemostasis and wound healing was validated.The results of the coagulation index experiment indicated that the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes had significantly better coagulation effect compared to the regular gelatin sponge,and they showed excellent hemostatic performance in a liver defect hemostasis model.Finally,the full-thickness skin defect healing experiment results showed significant improvement in the healing process of wounds treated with the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes compared to other groups.CONCLUSION Collectively,the gelatin sponge loaded with hUC-MSCs-derived exosomes is safe and efficacious for promoting hemostasis and accelerating wound healing,warranting further clinical application.

基于HRM技术开发水稻糊化温度基因ALK功能标记

【目的】糊化温度是影响稻米蒸煮食味品质的重要指标,ALK是控制水稻糊化温度的主效基因,开发可快速高通量鉴定ALK基因型的功能标记有助于提高水稻品质改良的效率。【方法】根据ALK基因4198位、4329位和4330位存在的单碱基差异,设计基于HRM技术检测的基因功能标记。【结果】通过PCR检测结合测序分析,筛选了ALK基因2个功能区域的功能标记ALKH4、ALKH5。利用ALKH4、ALKH5对81份籼稻品种、279份粳稻品种进行了ALK基因型检测,结果发现,16份粳稻和19份籼稻为G-GC基因型;51份粳稻为A-GC基因型;212份粳稻和62份籼稻为G-TT基因型。【结论】基于HRM技术开发的基因功能标记ALKH4、ALKH5可以快速高通量鉴定控制糊化温度ALK不同基因型,具有重要的应用价值。

糯小麦“山农糯麦1号”籽粒及淀粉品质分析

为更好地了解糯小麦的品种特性,以山东省第一个审定的高产糯小麦“山农糯麦1号”为材料,研究其籽粒和淀粉特性。结果发现:该品种几乎不含直链淀粉(仅0.1%),较普通小麦具有较高的蛋白质含量(16.4%)和面粉白度(81.2%)。扫描电镜观察淀粉粒度分布不均匀,A型淀粉颗粒较多。快速粘度分析(RVA)测定表明淀粉具有较低的糊化温度,较短的糊化时间,较低的峰值黏度、最终粘度和回生值。加工时面团吸水率明显较高,形成时间大于稳定时间。这些结果将为山农糯麦1号适于用作配粉和加工食品提供参考依据。

速食杂粮预熟化工艺研究

旨在对耐煮杂粮进行预熟化加工来提高耐煮杂粮食用的便捷性.采用常压蒸煮预熟化工艺,研究蒸煮时间对薏仁、红豆、莲子、麦仁和糯米的复水率和糊化度的影响,对比分析预熟化前后的杂粮熬制时间和品质变化.研究结果表明:薏仁、红豆、莲子、麦仁和糯米常压蒸煮预熟化的蒸煮时间分别为110、65、40、40和35 min,预熟化薏仁、红豆、莲子、麦仁和糯米的复水率分别为171.5%、190%、170.67%、224%和182.67%,糊化度分别为90%、74.54%、80.1%、92.85%和96.97%.预熟化压片薏仁、红豆、莲子、麦仁和糯米的熬制时间分别为10、8、12、10和6 min,与未预熟化原料相比,熬制时间缩短了6.6、6.5、3、4和2.3倍,极大提高了杂粮食用的便捷性.

鼻内镜下射频及明胶海绵局部填塞治疗顽固性鼻出血的临床研究

目的分析鼻内镜下射频及明胶海绵局部填塞治疗顽固性鼻出血的临床疗效。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月抚州市第一人民医院收治的60例顽固性鼻出血患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组30例。观察组接受鼻内镜射频及明胶局部海绵填塞治疗,对照组接受单纯鼻内镜下射频治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗情况、生命质量、疼痛程度及并发症发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率为96.67%,高于对照组的73.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组出血量少于对照组,通气恢复时间、鼻黏膜恢复时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活评分及总分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为3.33%,低于对照组的20.00%,但组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论鼻内镜下射频及明胶海绵局部填塞治疗顽固性鼻出血患者效果显著,可改善患者生命质量,缓解疼痛,且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。

紫外光固化接枝明胶改性可生物降解水性聚氨酯的性能研究

以聚己内酯二醇(PCL)为软段成分,丙烯酸羟乙基酯(HEA)为封端剂,制备了具有丙烯酸酯端基的水性聚氨酯(WPU)预聚体。将乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)与明胶水解缩合反应后得到的乙烯基接枝改性明胶(GH)通过共价键合的连接方式引入到WPU分子骨架中。通过紫外光固化将GH中的乙烯基和WPU预聚体中的丙烯酸酯末端连接,制备了可生物降解的WPU/GH复合材料。对WPU/GH的热性能、热失重性能及生物降解性能、降解后结晶度的变化等进行了测试和分析。结果表明,共价键合能提高WPU的成膜性能、耐水性和热稳定性。当GH含量达到10 wt.%时,WPU/GH在0.6%脂肪酶PBS溶液中的降解率达到68%,在土壤中的降解率达到56%。

晋西北酸粥源短乳杆菌(Levilactobacillus brevis)M-10安全性评估

从晋西北酸粥发酵液中分离到一株短乳杆菌M-10,发现其具有耐酸、耐胆盐、抗氧化、抗菌、降胆固醇等多种益生特性。为了更好地应用该菌株,该研究评价了其体外和体内的安全性,包括溶血活性检测、明胶液化能力测定、硝基还原酶活性测定、吲哚和生物胺生成能力测定、SD大鼠急性毒性和亚急性毒性实验。经检测发现,短乳杆菌M-10缺乏溶血活性,不能液化明胶,缺乏硝基还原酶活性,不会生成吲哚,不能产生生物胺,包括酪胺、组胺、尸胺、腐胺等;该菌对SD大鼠的一般体征和血常规指标均无明显不良影响。以上研究结果表明,短乳杆菌M-10具有很好的安全性。该研究可为后续短乳杆菌M-10作为发酵剂或益生菌的开发奠定基础。

科教融汇及思政育人新路径——食品包装技术课程创新实验设计

在前期研究基础上,为食品包装技术实验课开设了明胶-淀粉复合膜制备和性能评估实验,引入绿色包装材料最新科研成果,紧贴社会热点环境保护,结合食品专业多学科知识,涵盖产品研发全过程,全方位渗透思想政治教育。实验包括学生自行筛选复合膜配方、进行质量评估和数据分析、撰写论文模式实验报告。3年的教学实践表明,该课程设计创新性强、综合性高、学生认可度高且教学成果丰富,能极大激发学生实验兴趣和培养正确思想价值。

丝素蛋白/明胶/壳聚糖三维多孔软骨组织支架的制备及体外评价

背景:软骨缺损是骨科医生面临的主要临床挑战之一,组织工程是一种结合了工程学和细胞生物学知识的跨学科方法,为软骨缺损的修复提供了新思路与途径。目的:基于丝素蛋白、明胶和壳聚糖制备多组分复合支架,通过评估其理化性质和生物学性能,筛选能够适合软骨再生的三维多孔支架。方法:以丝素蛋白、明胶和壳聚糖为基础材料,通过真空冷冻干燥法制备4组多孔支架,分别为明胶/壳聚糖支架、丝素蛋白/壳聚糖支架、丝素蛋白/明胶支架和丝素蛋白/明胶/壳聚糖支架,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、孔隙率、吸水膨胀率和生物降解率及力学性能等检测筛选出合适的软骨支架。然后将软骨支架与骨关节炎患者软骨细胞共培养,通过细胞黏附率、活死染色和增殖活性等检测体外评估多孔支架用于软骨损伤修复的可行性。结果与结论:①4组支架均具有多孔结构,综合物理性能检测结果得出丝素蛋白/明胶/壳聚糖支架更符合软骨缺损修复的要求,该支架的孔径为(176.00±53.68)μm,孔隙率为(80.15±2.57)%,吸水溶胀率为(3712±358)%,体外浸泡于含溶菌酶的PBS中28 d后的生物降解速率为(46.87±3.25)%,且具有良好的机械性能;②软骨细胞可在丝素蛋白/明胶/壳聚糖支架上良好黏附,且随着时间的延长,细胞黏附率增加;CCK8和活/死细胞双染检测结果显示,丝素蛋白/明胶/壳聚糖支架具有良好的生物相容性和较低的细胞毒性;③结果表明,丝素蛋白/明胶/壳聚糖支架具有高度水合3D结构、合适的孔径和孔隙率、良好的生物降解性能和优越的机械性能,可以为营养物质的转运和软骨细胞的附着、增殖提供良好的网状骨架和微环境。

纤维素复合气凝胶的制备及保温隔热性能研究

利用化学交联和冷冻干燥技术制备了绿色环保的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)/明胶(GL)-戊二醛(GA)复合气凝胶(CL-A);研究不同比例的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、明胶(GL)和不同含量的戊二醛(GA)对气凝胶微观结构、热稳定性、力学强度以及保温隔热等性能的影响。实验结果表明,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)与明胶(GL)比例为1:2且戊二醛(GA)添加量为15%时的复合气凝胶(C1L2-A15)的压缩强度高达3.03 MPa,较纯羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)气凝胶增长了7倍左右;热导率低至0.022 W/(m·k),保温效果较好;多孔的三维网络更加致密,改善了复合气凝胶的形貌结构;复合气凝胶的残炭量高达37%,一定程度上提高了热稳定性。