Sceletium tortuosum的化学成分研究

为研究南非传统药用植物Sceletium tortuosum的化学成分,采用溶剂法对其地上部分进行提取和萃取,通过多种柱色谱、重结晶及高效液相色谱等方法进行系统地纯化分离,利用理化性质并结合现代分析方法鉴定化合物结构。从S.tortuosum乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到11个化合物,鉴定为3′,4′-dimethoxy[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ol(1)、N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)isobutyramide(2)、4-乙酰苯酚(3)、吲哚-3-甲醛(4)、7-酮-豆甾醇(5)、7-酮基-β-谷甾醇(6)、loliolide(7)、3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(8)、去甲基丁香色原酮(9)、cyclo(L-Pro-L-Ala)(10)、N-trans-feruloyl-3-methyldopamine(11)。化合物1~11均为首次从该属植物中分离得到,其中化合物1和2为新天然产物。

Polyoxygenated anti-inflammatory biscembranoids from the soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum and their stereochemistry

Five novel biscembranoids,ximaolides H-L(1-5),along with four known related compounds(6-9) were isolated from the Hainan soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum.The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis,quantum chemical calculations,and/or by comparing their CD spectra with those of the known compounds.Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of biscembranoids bearing a 1,35-bridged lactone moiety,4 is the first biscembranoid comprising an uncommon oxetane ring,and 5 represents the first 36-peroxyl biscembranoid.Ximaolides Ⅰ(2),K(4) and F(9) exhibited interesting anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α protein release in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Psychophysiological Effects of Zembrin®Using Quantitative EEG Source Density in Combination with Eye-Tracking in 60 Healthy Subjects. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, 3-Armed Study with Parallel Design

The endemic South African succulent plant Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E. Br., family Mesembryathemaceae, is known as kanna in Nama, kougoed in Afrikaans, and sceletium in English. The plant has been used as a tea and as a masticatory for millennia by indigenous San hunter-gatherers and Nama pastoralists for endurance and well-being. It has been reported that the plant “gives strength to their limbs, and takes away pain, and makes their memory strong”. The current investigation aimed at the psychophysiological characterization of 25.0 and 50.0 mg of a special extract marketed as Zembrin® in comparison to placebo using a new methodology called “EnkephaloVision”. This combination of EEG Neurocode-Tracking and Eye-Tracking allows for concomitant analysis of time epochs of only 364 ms duration. Spectral EEG analysis during cognitive and emotional challenges revealed statistically significant increases of delta (p < 0.01 during arithmetic calculation and watching a boring animal video) and theta spectral power (p < 0.10 during these same challenges) in the presence of Zembrin® within the frontal brain. It is these same increases of slow waves in the frontal brain that are described in the literature during performance of mental tests. This indicates a positive effect of Zembrin® on the electrical activity of the brain during cognitive processing. In addition, alpha1 and alpha2 spectral power in the frontal brain was increased during several challenges including brain teasing, arithmetic calculations and performance of a memory test. From the literature, increases of spectral alpha1 power indicate a greater degree of calmness and may represent decreased depressive symptoms, while increases in alpha2 waves have been related to memory. Beta2 waves increased during mental performance in the presence of the higher dosage of Zembrin® in parietal, occipital and temporal brain regions. In comparison to placebo, Zembrin® induced frequency changes in the brain, which have been related to enhanced attention and memory. These results may represent a positive action of Zembrin® on cognitive and emotional processes in the brain.

Effect of Zembrin^(█) on Brain Electrical Activity in 60 Older Subjects after 6 Weeks of Daily Intake.A Prospective,Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled,3-Armed Study in a Parallel Design

Zembrin? is a botanical functional food and dietary supplement ingredient sold in the USA, and Canada for enhancing mood, decreasing anxiety and stress and improving cognitive function under stress. It is a proprietary extract of a cultivated selection of Sceletium tortuosum. The present investigation aimed at the measurement of the effect of 25 or 50 mg of Zembrin? in comparison to placebo after daily repetitive intake for 6 weeks. Sixty healthy male (n = 32) and female (n = 28) right-handed subjects between 50 and 80 years old (59.7 ± 5.43 and 56.7 ± 5.88 years, respectively) were recruited. The EEG was recorded bipolarly from 17 surface electrodes (CATEEM?) before and 1 h after intake. Six cognitive tests were performed: d2-test, memory test, calculation performance test, reaction time test, number identifying test and number connection test. Three questionnaires were included: Profile of Mood States, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and a sleep questionnaire. Quantitative EEG revealed increases of delta activity during performance of the d2-test, the number identification and number connection test in the fronto-temporal brain region. Higher theta activity was seen during relaxation and performance of the d2-test after intake of 50 mg of Zembrin?. Statistically conspicuous increases of alpha1 spectral power were seen in the relaxed state. With respect to alpha2 spectral power larger increases were observed in the centro- occipital region. Discriminant analysis revealed a projection of Zembrin? data into the vicinity of the calming preparation Calmvalera tablets and a Ginkgo-Ginseng mixture. Statistically significant improvement during performance of the arithmetic calculation test and number connection test was documented. The HAM-A anxiety score revealed a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.03) after six weeks. Zembrin? showed significant activity on three levels of evidence: questionnaires, psychometry and quantitative EEG. The results indicate that in healthy people Zembrin? improves some aspects of cognitive function, decreases anxiety, and may enhance mood.

扭曲肉芝软珊瑚的化学成分(英文)

目的:研究扭曲肉芝软珊瑚的化学成分。方法:综合利用各种层析方法分离和纯化化合物, 并利用光谱学和理化性质来鉴定化合物结构。结果:从中分离得到5个化合物, 分别鉴定为 brassicolide (1), emblide (2),methyl tortuoate A (3), methyl tortuoate B (4), (24S)-24-methylcholestane-1,3, 5, 6, 25-pentol 25-monoacetate (5)。结论:化合物1,2和5都是首次从该珊瑚中分离得到。