Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have increased serum total antioxidant capacity measured with the crocin bleaching assay

AIM： The balance between oxidants and antioxidants can play an important role in the initiation and development of liver diseases. Recently, we have described a new automated method for the determination of total antioxidant capacity （TAC） in human serum and plasma.METHODS： We measured TAC and corrected TAC （CTACabstraction of interactions due to endogenous uric acid,bilirubin and albumin） in 52 patients with chronic liver diseases （41 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC）,10 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 13 patients with viral HCV cirrhosis） as well as in 10 healthy controls. In 23 PBC patients measurement were also done 6 mo after treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA）. The TAC assay was based on a modification of the crocin bleaching assay. The results were correlated with routine laboratory measurements and the histological stage of PBC.RESULTS： There were no significant differences in TAC between the various groups. However, CTAC was considerably increased in the PBC group compared to controls and cirrhotics. Analysis of these patients according to disease stages showed that this increase was an early phenomenon observed only in stages I and II compared to controls, cirrhotics and patients with chronic hepatitis C）.After 6 mo of treatment with UDCA, levels of CTAC decreased to those similar to that of controls.CONCLUSION： Patients in the early stages of PBC present with high levels of corrected total antioxidant capacity and this maybe related to the pathophysiology of the disease. UDCA treatment restores the levels of CTAC to control levels.

Changes of total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status of aqueous humor in diabetes patients and correlations with diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To measure changes of total oxidant status(TOS)and total antioxidant capacity(TAC) of aqueous humor(AH) in diabetic retinopathy(DR) patients,and to determine if there were any differences in TOS and TAC of AH in diabetic patients without retinopathy compared with non-diabetic patients.·METHODS:One hundred and three eyes of 103patients who were enrolled for cataract surgery were included in this study.Patients were grouped according to presence of diabetes and stage of DR.Prior to cataract surgery,0.1mL to 0.2mL of AH was aspirated and analyzed for TAC and TOS level using a colorimetric method.·RESULTS:TOS levels were highest among proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) patients and lowest in patients with only cataracts.Results were statistically significant between all groups(P 【0.05).Whereas result between diabetic without retinopathy patients and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) patients was not statistically significant(P =0.757).TAC levels were highest in patients with only cataract and lowest among PDR patients and results were statistically significant between all groups(P 【0.05).·CONCLUSION:Aqueous humor TAC levels are low in diabetic patients and reduced further in DR patients,TOS levels are increased in diabetic patients and this is exacerbated in DR patients.

The effect of fitness level on cardiac autonomic regulation, IL-6,total antioxidant capacity, and muscle damage responses to a single bout of high-intensity interval training

Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the cardiorespiratory fitness level on the response to high-intensity interval training(HIIT)with an individually adjusted running speed of the same relative intensity.The evaluation focused on acute cardiorespiratory response,postexercise cardiac autonomic modulation(heart rate variability(HRV))and biochemical markers of inflammation,oxidative stress,and muscle damage.Methods:Thirty participants were divided into 3 subgroups:well trained,moderately trained,and untrained.All the participants performed30 min HIIT composed of 6×2 min interval exercise with work-to-relief ratio=1 and work intensity 100%of individual velocity at maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max).Acute cardiorespiratory variables,postexercise HRV,lactate,interleukin-6(IL-6),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),creatine kinase,and myoglobin up to 4h after HIIT were monitored.Results:The differences in relatively expressed cardiorespiratory variables(heart rate,VO2)during HIIT were at most moderate,with the most pronounced between-group differences in absolute VO2 values.The disruption of the postexercise HRV was the most pronounced in untrained individuals,and this difference persisted 1 h after HIIT.The highest postexercise IL-6 and TAC concentrations and the lowest changes in creatine kinase and myoglobin were revealed in well-trained individuals.Conclusion:The higher fitness level was associated with the less pronounced postexercise cardiac autonomic changes and their faster restoration,even when there were similar acute cardiorespiratory responses.These findings were simultaneously accompanied by the higher postexercise IL-6 and TAC concentrations and less significant changes in muscle damage biochemical markers in well-trained individuals.

A Novel Assay for Measuring Total Antioxidant Capacity in Whole Blood and Other Biological Samples

A new method for rapidly determining total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a biological sample has been devised and evaluated. A surfactant present in the reagent causes the lysis of cells in the sample. Glutathione, ascorbic acid, protein thiols and other main reducing substances in the sample react with a specific redox chromogen (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) and produce a change in the color of the reagent, which is determined photometrically at 630 nm. This new method quantifies the overall capacity of the sample to reduce a redox chromogen and it requires the minimum volumes and time. The assay can be used on a wide variety of biological samples including whole blood, serum, plasma, tissue extracts and homogenates, food, wine, fruit juice and other beverages. Results are expressed in terms of mmol/L glutathione equivalents. TAC can be assayed manually, on automatic analyzers or micro-plate readers.

Variability in total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments and foliage yield of vegetable amaranth

Twenty vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated for total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments, vitamins, and selection of suitable genotypes for extraction of juice in a randomized complete block design（RCBD） with three replications. Vegetable amaranth was rich in chlorophyll, β-cyanins, β-xanthins, betalains, carotene, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant. The genotypes VA14, VA16, VA18, VA15, and VA20 could be selected as amaranth vegtable varieties with high yields and abundance antioxidant leaf pigments and vitamins to produce juice. The genotypes VA13 and VA19 had above-average foliage yield and high antioxidant profiles while the genotypes VA2, VA3, VA9, VA11, VA12, and VA17 had a high antioxidant profiles and below-average foliage yield. These genotypes could be used as a donor parent for integration of potential high antioxidant profiles genes into other genotypes. The correlation study revealed a strong positive association among all the antioxidant leaf pigments, total antioxidant capacity and foliage yield. Selection based on total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments could economically viable to improve the yield potential of vegetable amaranth genotypes. Total carotene and ascorbic acid exhibited insignificant genotypic correlation with all the traits except total antioxidant capacity. This indicates that selection for antioxidant vitamins might be possible without compromising yield loss.

Effect of Colchicine on Total Antioxidant Capacity,Antioxidant Enzymes and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Background/Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine on clinical recovery, as well as oxidative stress markers and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in whole blood of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and methods: Sixty patients with grade 2 - 3 knee OA according to ACR knee OA criteria whom examination of the knee joint synovial fluid by polarized light microscopy demonstrated CPDD crystals existence were included in the study. Fifty healthy subjects were included as a control group. Patients were divided randomly into two groups. The first group (paracetamol group) was given only paracetamol 3 gr daily p.o and the second group (colchicine and paracetamol group) was given colchicine 1,5 gr and paracetamol 3 gr daily p.o for six months. For outcome measures WOMAC and VAS were used. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) ezyme activities and Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and TAC all were measured. Results: WOMAC scores were improved in both patient groups compared with pre-treatment evaluation (p 0.05). TAC was signifcantly increased only in colchicine/paracetamol group. Oxidant parameter MDA levels were significantly decreased in both paracetamol group and colchicine/paracetamol group. CAT, SOD enzyme activities and GSH levels did not change before and after treatment protocols in both patient groups. Conclusion: Both paracetamol 3000 mg/day and 3000 mg paracetamol plus 1,5 gr/day colchicine is effective in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis. But the addition of colchicine to paracetamol produced significantly greater symptomatic benefit than paracetamol alone. Our study also showed that colchicine lowers whole blood MDA which is a lipid peroxidation compound and elevates TAC levels in patients with knee OA. This may show probable disease modifying effect of colchicine in knee OA which require further long period laboratory and radiologic investigations.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Flavonoids Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaert) Flour Ethanolic Extracts

The chemical composition, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of 50% ethanolic extracts from raw and cooked buckwheat flour from southwest of China were determined. The heat treatment used to gelatinize the flour starch significantly reduced the total flavonoids in the extract from 83.52 to 67.36 mg 100 g 1 of dry matter in the raw and cooked flour, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated using autooxidation in a β carotene linoleate model system (AA or AAC), DPPH radical scavenging assay (IP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Values for raw buckwheat flour extract were 97.84, 874.31, 76.45 and 94.92% for AA, AAC, ORAC and IP, respectively, while values in cooked buckwheat flour were 86.14, 842.88, 63.93 and 94.74% for AA, AAC, ORAC and IP, respectively. Values before cooked and raw buckwheat flour extracts were significantly different ( P <0.05) for AA, AAC, and ORAC.

Volatile components,total phenolic compounds,and antioxidant capacities of worm-infected Gomphidius rutilus

This study evaluated the effects of worm infection on the volatile components,total phenolic compounds,and antioxidant capacities of Gomphidius rutilus.G.rutilus without worms(GW),G.rutilus infected by a small amount of worms(GS;infected area<50%),and G.rutilus infected by a large amount of worms(GL;infected area>50%)were investigated.The volatile components of G.rutilus were analyzed by simultaneous distillation–extraction(SDE)and headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS).A total of 17 and 19 types of volatile compounds were detected,including ketones,alcohols,benzene,alkenes,aldehydes,esters,acids,and alkanes.Alcohols comprised the most abundant compound in GL,GS,and GW.The relative content of 1-octen-3-ol was the highest in all mushrooms.The concentration of eight-carbon(C8)compounds relative to the total volatile compounds varied widely,ranging from 40%(GW)to 64.34%(GS)and 84.42%(GS)and to 91.59%(GL),respectively,among the three samples.The antioxidant capability and the total phenolic contents of G.rutilus were evaluated in this study.The highest total phenolic content(TPC)of 192.23 mg GAE/g was found in GL,which differed significantly(P<0.05)from the latter two samples,whereas the lowest value of 156.11 mg GAE/g was found in GW.ABTS radical cation scavenging activity,FRAP ferric reducing antioxidant capacity(FRAP)radical scavenging activity,and oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC)were investigated to screen the antioxidant properties of extracts.The contents of total phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacities in vitro showed significant correlations(P<0.01).Among the three types of samples,the phenolic compounds of GL exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity,showing the values of 0.089 mM TE/g for ABTS,0.949 mM Fe^2+E/g for FRAP,and 1.952 M TE/g for ORAC.However,regarding the total antioxidant capacity,GS exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity,showing the values of 0.002648 mM TE/g for ABTS,0.004437 mM Fe^2+E/g for FRAP,and 0.256μM TE/g for ORAC.In conclusion,HS-SPME was more suitable for the extraction of volatile aroma components from G.rutilus.GL had the most abundant aroma components.GL had the highest TPC and antioxidant capacity compared with those of GS and GW,whereas GS showed the opposite results.Interestingly,GS was found to have the highest total antioxidant capacity in vitro.Based on these measured indicators,worm infection had no negative effect on the quality of G.rutilus.Therefore,worm-infected G.rutilus can also be consumed by humans.

Quantification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of an underutilized Indian fruit:Rayan[Manilkara hexandra(Roxb.)Dubard]

The fruit of Manilkara hexandra(Roxb.)Dubard is one of the most underutilized fruits of India and in Gujarat state.It is popularly known as‘Rayan’.The fruit and seed of Rayan were analysed for their total phenolic and flavonoid content,phenolic compounds and total antioxidant capacity with six different assay methods.The results indicated that the methanolic extract of Rayan fruit being a good source of phenolic(811.3 mg GAE/100 g fw)and flavonoid(485.56 mg RE/100 g fw)content.Also,eleven known phenolic compounds were tentatively identified for the first time from the fruit and seed of Rayan.The LC–MS/MS analysis of fruit revealed the presence of major phenolic compounds such as gallic acid,quercetin and kaempferol,while quercetin,gallic acid and vanillic acid in seed.The presence of quercetin suggests health benefits.The fruit of Rayan was also proved to be a better source of antioxidants as measured by FRAP,RPA,DPPHRSA,ABTSRSA and HRSA except NORSA in comparison with that of seed.The current study explains that M.hexandra is a relatively good source of antioxidants such as phenols and flavonoids for diet.

Determination of Total Flavonoids and Its Antioxidant Ability in Houttuynia cordata

The total flavonoids of Houttuynia cordata are determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The ex-traction condition of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata includes: the extraction temperature is 70℃, solid-liquid ratio is 1:20, solvent is 80% ethanol, extraction time is 65 min. We studied the antioxidation of flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata, and results showed that flavonoids had strong reducing capacity, hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity and the superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, thus can provide a basis for the development of natural antioxidants.

Total Antioxidant Status and Other Markers to Distinguish Severely Obese Volunteers with and without Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity (Ob) is an accepted major risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of at least three of five risk factors, which predispose to high oxidative stress (OS), but all obese do not show symptoms of MetS. There is dearth of data comparing OS homeostasis of severely obese adults with and without MetS, and need for biomarkers to help in differential diagnosis. Erythrocytic lipid and protein damage markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO), antioxidant enzymes erythrocytic superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT), plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as ferric-reducing-ability-of-plasma (FRAP) were compared to understand OS homeostasis among 102 severely Ob (body mass index > 30), 102 Ob with severe (z-score > 2) MetS as per National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and 100 healthy non-obese Controls. MDA/PCO and all antioxidant enzymes were lowest for ObMetS, followed by Ob, indicating greater damage to protein moieties of the erythrocytic membrane. Multiple regression analysis confirmed z-scores > 2 as significant predictor of lowered enzymes and TAC. Receiver Operator Curve analysis predicted that TAC was the most potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of MetS with an Odds Ratio of 88.5 indicating the high probability that FRAP would be low for ObMetS (z-score > 2) than for Ob with BMI > 30, but z-scores < 1. TAC is qualified as the most effective biomarker to distinguish between severely obese respondents with and without metabolic syndrome, and as a useful candidate for study of homeostatic breakdown in metabolic syndrome and the importance of z-score in assessment of MetS in obese respondents.

Dynamic Analysis of Nitric Oxide and Total Oxidant Capacity in Cow Uterine Secretion with Subclinical Endometritis

Subclinical endometritis is a physiological inflammation that serves to clear persistent contaminants from the uterus. To investigate the alteration of antioxidant, such as vitamin E（VE） and vitamin C（VC）, total oxidant capacity（TOC） and nitric oxide（NO） in cows with normal and subclinical endometritis（SCE）, we examined the concentrations of NO, VC and VE, TOC and polymorphonuclear neutrophils（PMN） percentage in uterine secretion. The cows were divided into two groups, normal（n=20） and subclinical endometritis（SCE, n=60）, based on endometrial cytology（presence of PMN≥5%）. Uterine secretion and blood were collected as described previously. Griess reaction was used to determine the concentration of NO. The concentrations of TOC, VC and VE were detected by a commercially available assay kit. The results showed that the concentrations of NO, TOC and PMN percentage were significantly higher（P〈0.01, P〈0.05, and P〈0.01, respectively） in uterine secretion with SCE compared to those from normal; however, the levels of VC and VE were significantly lesser（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, the concentrations of NO, TOC, VC, VE and PMN percentage differed between normal and SCE cows. Meanwhile, the relationship between the concentration of NO and PMN percentage from uterine secretion in cows with subclinical endometritis were positively correlated. Consequently, these alterations in NO, TOC, VC, VE levels and PMN percentage contributed to as a diagnostic index of the uterine inflammation, with the aim to increase the reproduction of the cows and the decrease economic losses.

Evaluation of the Chemical Profiling,Total Phenolic Composition,the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Essential Oils of Mentha piperita L.,Salvia officinalis L.,and Thymus vulgaris L.

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition,total phenolic composition,the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the essential oils(EOs)of Mentha piperita L.,Salvia officinalis L.,and Thymus vulgaris L.The essential oils of M.piperita L.,S.officinalis L.,and T.vulgaris L.were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)to demonstrate their chemical composition.The antioxidant properties of the EOs were evaluated with the 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl(DDPH)free radical scavenging assay,their total phenolic compound contents were determined by the Folin Ciocalteau method,and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the disc diffusion assay.The major compounds in the contents of the essential oils of M.piperita L.,S.officinalis L.,and T.vulgaris L.were found to be eucalyptol,1R-α-pinene,and o-cymene,respectively.In the 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl(DDPH)assay,the EO of M.piperita L.(8,930.01μMTE/g)demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity,followed by the activities of the EOs of T.vulgaris L.(157.76μMTE/g)and S.officinalis L.(115.54μMTE/g).The total phenolic compound contents of M.piperita L.,T.vulgaris L.,and S.officinalis L.were measured as 135.074,0.242,and 0.221 mMGAE/g.All essential oils showed antioxidant activities and antimicrobial activities.The highest antimicrobial activity against S.aureus,A.nigeris,and C.albicans was determined in the EO of M.piperita L.within diameters of 42,32,and 28 mm,respectively.These properties of essential oils are used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.The essential oils are approved as official medications in many countries and take place in their pharmacopoeias。

血清FGFR-1、T-AOC、HPA在危重脑室出血患者中的表达水平及其与预后的相关性分析

目的分析血清成纤维细胞生长因子受体-1(FGFR-1)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、乙酰肝素酶(HPA)在危重脑室出血患者中的表达水平及其与预后的相关性。方法回顾性选择自2019年6月至2022年12月东南大学附属中大医院接诊的90例危重脑室出血患者作为病例组,根据发病后30 d的格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)分为预后良好组(GOS评分>3分,n=48)和预后不良组(GOS评分≤3分,n=42);另选同期的90名健康体检者作为对照组。检测所有入选者血清FGFR-1、T-AOC、HPA水平,分析危重脑室出血患者血清FGFR-1、T-AOC、HPA水平与急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、血肿体积的关系,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FGFR-1、T-AOC、HPA对危重脑室出血患者短期预后不良的预测效能。结果病例组血清FGFR-1、T-AOC水平分别为(3.42±0.58)μg/mL、(3.03±1.14)U/mL,均低于对照组[(8.08±1.57)μg/mL、(5.98±1.72)U/mL],HPA水平为(5.69±1.06)ng/mL,高于对照组[(1.25±0.37)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良组血清FGFR-1、T-AOC水平分别为(5.72±1.24)μg/mL、(2.05±0.67)U/mL,低于预后良好组[(10.36±2.51)μg/mL、(4.21±1.36)U/mL],HPA水平为(8.46±2.25)ng/mL,高于预后良好组[(3.72±1.13)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析,危重脑室出血患者APACHEⅡ评分、NIHSS评分、血肿体积均与血清FGFR-1、T-AOC水平呈负相关(P<0.05),与血清HPA水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,血清FGFR-1、T-AOC、HPA均是危重脑室出血患者短期预后不良的独立预测因素(P<0.05);经ROC曲线分析,血清FGFR-1、T-AOC联合HPA预测危重脑室出血患者短期预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.900。结论危重脑室出血患者血清FGFR-1、T-AOC水平均明显降低,HPA水平明显升高,三者均与病情严重程度有关,联合判断短期预后不良的效能较好,值得进一步研究应用。

Gold nanoparticle-decorated MoSe_(2) nanosheets as highly effective peroxidase-like nanozymes for total antioxidant capacity assay

A visual colorimetric detection strategy is reported for total antioxidant capacity(TAC)assay by using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)oxidation as chromogenic substrate based on gold nanoparticle-decorated MoSe_(2) nanosheets(Au@MoSe_(2)).Au@MoSe_(2) nanostructures exhibit high peroxidase-like activity and can catalyze H_(2)O_(2)to oxidize TMB.Based on inhibition effect of ascorbic acid(AA)on TMB oxidation,a facile and sensitive colorimetric method was developed for AA detection.Under optimal conditions,the proposed method showed a sensitivity for AA in a concentration range from 2 to 120μM and limit of detection was 0.41μM.Furthermore,the method was employed for TAC assay in actual samples,including commercial beverages and vitamin C tablets.This work represents a model in nanostructure design and will lead to further development of TAC assay in evaluation of antioxidant food quality.

通心络胶囊对进展型缺血性脑卒中血清AGE、MDA、SOD、T-AOC水平的影响

目的探讨通心络胶囊对进展型缺血性脑卒中患者血清糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end products,AGE)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)水平的影响。方法选取诊治的进展型缺血性脑卒中患者60例,随机分为对照组与实验组,每组30例,对照组进行常规综合治疗,实验组在常规综合治疗基础上给予通心络胶囊口服治疗,两组均治疗14 d,观察治疗前后血清AGE、MDA、SOD、T-AOC水平、神经功能缺损严重程度,并对治疗疗效进行评估。结果两组治疗前血清AGE、MDA、SOD、T-AOC水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),AGE、MDA后较治疗前均下降(P<0.05),且实验组下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05),SOD、T-AOC治疗后较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且实验组升高幅度大于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗前美国国立卫生院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)及格拉斯哥昏迷指数(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),NIHSS评分治疗后较治疗前均下降(P<0.05),且实验组下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05),GCS评分治疗后较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且实验组升高幅度大于对照组(P<0.05);对照组与实验组的治疗总有效率分别为73.33%(22/30)、93.33%(28/30),比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Sperman相关性分析显示,进展型缺血性脑卒中患者NIHSS评分与血清AGE和MDA水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与SOD和T-AOC水平呈显著负相关(P<0.05),患者GCS评分与血清AGE和MDA水平呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与SOD和T-AOC水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论进展型缺血性脑卒中患者血清AGE、MDA、SOD、T-AOC水平与神经功能缺损密切相关,采用通心络胶囊治疗可有效改善患者血清AGE、MDA、SOD、T-AOC水平,促进患者神经功能的改善,提高疗效。

Phytochemical constituents,antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Ardisia elliptica

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial,and chemical ingredients of Ardisia elliptica(A.elliptica) methanolic extracts.Methods:The plant was extracted using methanol.Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were evaluated.Results:The results showed that both fruit and leaf extract of A.elliptica have significant antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Fruit extracts showed higher content of phenolic(71 ± 0.03 GAE/mg extract dry weight),in comparison to the leaf extracts(37 ± 0.05 GAE/mg extract dry weight).Flavonoid content,and Fe2+chelating activity of fruit extracts were higher than leaf extract.The percentage radical inhibition of fruit extract is found to be higher(70%) than that of leaf extract(60%).LCMS results indicated that the major compounds in the fruit extract were Gingerol,Aspidin,Kampherol,and Stercuresin,while the leaf extract contained Gingerol,Aspidin,Triangularin,and Salicyl acyl glucuronide.Furthermore,the results of GCMS indicated that fruit extract contained these major compounds:Vitamin E Tocopherol,5-hepylresornicol,2-Nonylmalonic acid,5-pentadecylresornicol,and Stigmasta-7-22-dien-3-ol.However,leaf extract of A.elliptica contained these major compounds:Alpha Amyrenol,4,4,6,6a,6b,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12 a,14,14 a,14 b octadehydro-2H-picen-3-one,and Lonasterol,4-t-Butyl-2-[4-nitrophenyl] phenol.Conclusions:The results provide evidence that fruit and leaf of A.elliptica extracts might indeed be used as a potential source of effective natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities in the Leaf Extracts of Indian Borage (<i>Plectranthus amboinicus</i>)

The different solvent extracts of the leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties. The ethyl acetate extract of the leaves which had the highest polyphenolic content showed an appreciable DPPH radical scavenging activity as well as total antioxidant capacity as compared with extracts obtained using hexane, acetone, methanol, hydroalcohol and freeze dried form. The acetone extract of the leaves which had the second highest polyphenolic content showed appreciable antibacterial activity with least MIC values against the tested foodborne pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica. The findings indicated the potentiality of ethyl acetate and acetone extract of the leaves of Indian borage for use as biopreservatives as they showed high antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Effect of pH on Antioxidant and Phytochemical Activities of Mulhatti Roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)

Glycyrrhiza glabra L.is the most widely used herb in the ancient history of Ayurvedic medicine,as a medicinal value as well as an aromatic herb,and it is commonly known as Mulhatti.Mulhatti roots are useful for medically and are also a good source of phytoproducts and secondary metabolites present in Mulhatti roots are triterpenoid saponin,glycosides,glycyrrhizin,prenylated biaurone,licoaagrone,7-acetoxy-2-methylisoflavone,4-methylcoumarin,liqcoumarin,glycyrrhetinic acid,quercetin,liquiritigenin,isoliquiritigenin,etc.This study was carried out to study the evaluation of phenolic compounds,2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical activity and general antioxidant capacity of water extracts of Mulhatti roots prepared at different pH values,namely 2,4,7 and 9.Data have shown great differences in terms of results.Most of the phenolic compounds are at pH 7(19.25),followed by pH 9(17.25),pH 2(14.62)and pH 4(8.89 mg GAE/g),respectively.Similarly,the flavonoid data also showed variations,the maximum has been present in pH 2(5.39),then pH 7(3.02),pH 9(1.79)and pH 4(1.40 mg CE/g),respectively.The value for DPPH IC50 free radical scavenging activity was the lowest at pH 7(82.22),followed by pH 2(110.40),pH 4(111.99)and pH 9(146.24μg/mL)and IC50 reference standard(ascorbic acid)was 59.52μg/mL in distilled water.The total capacity of the antioxidant was the highest at pH 2(9.93)followed by pH 4(5.54),pH 7(5.34)and pH 9(4.23 mg AAE/g).According to current research,pH 7 is the best for phytochemicals as well as antioxidants that catch harmful radicals.

血清SERPINA1、CTGF、T-AOC在子宫肌瘤患者中的表达水平及临床意义

目的 探讨血清Serpin家庭成员1(serpin family A member 1,SERPINA1)、结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidation capability,T-AOC)在子宫肌瘤患者中的表达情况及其临床意义。方法 选取子宫肌瘤患者82例纳入子宫肌瘤组,另选取同期健康体检者68例作为健康对照组。比较2组血清SERPINA1、CTGF、T-AOC表达情况,比较不同临床特征子宫肌瘤患者血清SERPINA1、CTGF、T-AOC表达情况,分析血清SERPINA1、CTGF、T-AOC与子宫肌瘤的相关性,分析血清SERPINA1、CTGF、T-AOC检测诊断子宫肌瘤的效能。结果 子宫肌瘤组血清SERPINA1、CTGF水平高于健康对照组,T-AOC水平低于健康对照组(P<0.05);有阴道不规则出血子宫肌瘤患者血清SERPINA1、CTGF水平高于无阴道不规则出血子宫肌瘤患者,T-AOC水平低于无阴道不规则出血子宫肌瘤患者(P<0.05)。Spearman相关系数分析结果显示,血清SERPINA1、CTGF与子宫肌瘤呈明显正相关,T-AOC与子宫肌瘤呈明显负相关(P<0.05)。血清SERPINA1、CTGF、T-AOC联合检测诊断效能明显优于单项检测(P<0.001)。结论 血清SERPINA1、CTGF、T-AOC在子宫肌瘤患者中呈现异常表达,三项指标联合检测诊断子宫肌瘤的效能更高。