Research on Total Electric Field Prediction Method of Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Line Based on Stacking Algorithm

Ultra-high voltage(UHV)transmission lines are an important part of China’s power grid and are often surrounded by a complex electromagnetic environment.The ground total electric field is considered a main electromagnetic environment indicator of UHV transmission lines and is currently employed for reliable long-term operation of the power grid.Yet,the accurate prediction of the ground total electric field remains a technical challenge.In this work,we collected the total electric field data from the Ningdong-Zhejiang±800 kV UHVDC transmission project,as of the Ling Shao line,and perform an outlier analysis of the total electric field data.We show that the Local Outlier Factor(LOF)elimination algorithm has a small average difference and overcomes the performance of Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)and Isolated Forest elimination algorithms.Moreover,the Stacking algorithm has been found to have superior prediction accuracy than a variety of similar prediction algorithms,including the traditional finite element.The low prediction error of the Stacking algorithm highlights the superior ability to accurately forecast the ground total electric field of UHVDC transmission lines.

Three-dimensional Model Analysis of Electric Field Excited by Multi-circuit Intersecting Overhead Transmission Lines

This work is carried out to predict the special distribution of electric field induced by multi-circuit intersecting overhead high-voltage (HV) transmission lines (TLs) within a large range without any expensive and time-consuming computation. The two main parts of the presented methodology are 1) setting up a three-dimensional (3D) model to calculate the electric field based on combining ca- tenary equations with charge simulation method and 2) calculating the hybrid electric field excited by multi-circuit intersecting TLs using coordinate transformation and superposition technique. Examples of different TLs configurations, including a 220 kV single-circuit hori- zontally configured TLs, a 500 kV single-circuit triangularly configured TLs and a combination of the 220 kV TLs and the 550 kV TLs, are illustrated to verify the validity of this methodology. A more complicatal configurations, including a 500 kV double-circuit TLs and two 220 kV single-circuit horizontally configured TLs, are also calculated. Conclusions were drawn from the simulation: 1) The presented 3D model outperforms 2D models in describing the electric field distribution generated by practical HV TLs with sag and span. 2) Coordinate trans- formation and superposition technique considerably simplify the electric field computation for multi-circuit TLs configurations, which makes it possible to deal with complex engineering problems. 3) The electric field in the area covered by multiple intersecting overhead TLs is distorted and the hybrid electric field strength in some partial region increases so sharply that it might exceed the admissible value. 4) The configuration parameters of the TLs and the spatial configuration of multi-circuit TLs, for instance, the height of TLs, the length of span and the intersection angle of multiple circuits, influence the strength and the distribution of hybrid electric field. The influence regularities sum- marized in this paper can be referred by future TL designs to meet the electromagnetic environmental protection regulations.

Research on Total Electric Field for DC Lines Converted from Double-Circuit AC Lines

With rapid growth of power demand, transmission capacity is also in urgent need of upgrading. In some cases, converting existing AC transmission lines to DC lines can Improve the transmission capacity and reduce the construction investment. In this paper, the upstream finite element method was expanded to calculate the total electric field of same tower multi-circuit DC lines converted from double-circuit AC lines, and the validity of the algorithm was confirmed by experiments. Taking a DC line converted from a typical same tower 500 kV double-circuit AC transmission line as an example, the surface electric field and the ground total electric field in different pole conductor arrangement schemes were calculated and analyzed, and the critical height of pole conductors for DC lines in residential and non-residential area were determined. Then, the corridor width of DC and AC lines at critical height in residential and non-residential areas before and after AC-DC line transformation were compared. The results indicate that for DC lines converted from common 500 kV double-circuit AC lines, the ground total electric field can meet the requirements of corresponding standard with appropriate pole conductor arrangement schemes.

Improved Method of Power Loss and Electric Field Calculations of HVAC Transmission Lines

An improved method for calculating the corona power loss and the ground-level electric field on HVAC transmission lines induced by corona is proposed.Based on a charge simulation method combined with a method of successive images,the proposed method has the number and location of the simulated charges not arbitrary.When the surface electric field of a conductor exceeds the onset value,charges are emitted from corona into the space around,and the space ions and the surface charges on each sub-conductor are simulated by using the images of the other sub-conductors.The displacements of the space ions are calculated at every time step during corona periods in both the positive and the negative half cycles.Several examples are calculated by using the proposed method,and the calculated electric field at the ground level and the corona power loss agree well with previous measurements.The results show that simulating 12 charges in each conductor during 600 time steps in one cycle takes less time while guarantees the accuracy.The corona discharge from a 220 kV transmission line enhances slightly(less than 2%) the electric field at the ground level,but this effect is little from a 500 kV line.The improved method is a good compromise between the time cost and the accuracy of calculation.

Electromagnetic Environmental Impact of 500-kV Double -Circuit Transmission Lines

The strength of the power frequency electric intensity and magnetic field of the 500-kV double circuit transmission lines was calculated by using the equivalent charge method and the Ampere's Law, and the environmental impact factors of the fields were evaluated. By optimizing the phase sequence, the frequency electric intensity and magnetic field strength can be reduced. Within a distance of 25 m from the center of the transmission line, the power frequency electric intensity and magnetic field strength fall off sharply with the distance increase. Finally, the best phase sequence and the minimum ground clearance of the transmission lines were obtained to meet the requirements of the least impact on envionment.

Safety Distance Determination for 500 kV AC Transmission Line’s Helicopter Inspection

As an efficient and advanced line inspection method, helicopter line patrol is gradually more and more used in transmission lines inspection, promoting the elaborate operation of transmission lines and reducing the management cost. However, as a 'floating-potential conductor' near to a high-voltage transmission line, the helicopter would be at a high electric field region;and bring security risk to equipment and operating personnel. In this paper, the electric field strength near the cabin at locations of different distance from transmission lines is investigated by calculation, and the field in the helicopter cabin is also calculated with finite element method (FEM). The result indicates that the potential difference becomes higher with the decrease of the distance between the helicopter and transmission line. Considering the discharge energy and the guarantee of the persons’ safety, the safety distance is determined as d≥15 m.

750kV单回并行输电线路电磁辐射环境研究

采用《环境影响评价技术导则输变电》(HJ 24—2020)附录C、D推荐的计算模式对750 kV单回并行输电线路电磁辐射环境进行计算与预测。结果表明,经过耕地、园地、牧草地、畜禽饲养地、道路等场所,当导线对地最小高度为15.5 m时,单回并行线路下的工频电场强度最大值超过10 kV/m;需将导线对地最小高度提至16.5 m,才能满足4 kV/m控制限值要求。750 kV单回并行输电线路产生的工频磁场强度小于公众曝露控制限值(100μT),一般情况下不会成为线路建设的环境制约因素;但其产生的工频电场是电磁环境影响的主要因素,电场强度控制限值(4 kV/m)是线路建设的环境制约因素,同时也是输变电电磁环境重点控制因素。现场实测结果与理论预测结果符合性较好,表明采用的预测模式具有较好的应用性,研究结果可为750 kV单回并行输电线路的建设和环境监管提供支持。

±800kV云广UHVDC输电线路合成场强计算

为研究和确定高压直流输电线路的特有电磁环境参数(也是主要的环境影响指标之一)合成场强,利用有限元法计算了±800 kV云广特高压直流线路为5分裂和6分裂共5种极导线,极导线间距为22 m,对地最低距离为16、18、20和22 m时导线下方地面处的合成场强。提出了±800 kV云广特高压直流线路下地面合成场强按30kV/m控制,当采用5×LGJ-630/45及以上截面极导线时,导线最小对地高度应≮18m的结论。

双极HVDC线路离子流电场计算及影响因素

高压直流输电线路运行时电晕形成的独特离子流电场对环境的影响已成为线路设计和环境影响评价的重要内容,而离子流电流密度和电场强度是表征离子流电场的重要特征参数。为此运用解析法计算了地面最大离子流电流密度和最大电场强度分布并分析了导线设计参数对它的影响。研究发现,运行电压较高时,导线高度、极间距是影响离子流电场的主要参数,与美国电力科学研究院的半经验公式法表达的规律一致。

一种用于输电线路视频监测的取能电源的设计

供电电源是保证高压输电线路在线监测装置稳定运行的关键,文中提出了一种基于高压电场感应取能技术的取能电源,并分别对其功率电路和控制电路进行分析设计。感应极板产生的位移电流作为取能电源的输入,直接决定着取能电源的输入功率,文中利用Comsol软件研究了感应极板尺寸对位移电流的影响,确定了感应极板的尺寸,并和实测数据进行对比,验证了仿真的正确性。基于此,文中研制了一套视频监测装置,通过感应极板和取能电源实现装置的自取能,拍摄输电线及周围环境视频并发送到远程终端。最后,通过实验确定了当视频监测装置应用在110 kV电压等级下时,远程终端接收到的单次视频时长为2.2 min,视频间隔为54.9 min。

HVDC输电线路合成场强解析计算方法研究

为研究和确定高压直流输电线路的电磁环境影响及电晕损耗,分析了高压直流线路周围的合成场强,根据Deutseh假设,认为空间电荷不影响场强的方向,只影响其大小,从而把合成场强的二维计算变为以电位为变量的函数一维计算。利用欧拉法求解描述电力线的微分方程,并对微分方程边界条件做了修改,使得电力线更为完整。给出了解析方法的地面合成场强计算的详细步骤,研究了次导线半径、次导线分裂间距,正、负极导线间距和导线高度对地面合成场强大小及分布的影响。通过与实验模型的测试结果对比,验证了算法在工程上的有效性和实用性。

基于平行双线结构的低频场发生器设计

针对电磁辐射抗扰度测试天线在低频时辐射效率低、体积大、难以生成高电场强度的问题,设计了一款平行双线传输线电场发生器。该场发生器输入端使用阻抗比为1∶4的传输线变压器巴伦,实现了输入端与负载的阻抗匹配,以及非平衡端转化为平衡端;为保证场发生器电气性能的稳定性和可靠性,平行双线传输线采用直径为100 mm的铜管,负载采用耐大功率的无感陶磁电阻,能够承受2 500 W的连续波输入功率。实验结果显示该场发生器在10 kHz~100 MHz的频率范围内电压驻波比均小于1.9,在距场发生器中心0.5 m远处可产生高达200 V/m的电场强度,在1 m远处可产生50~100 V/m的场强。该电场发生器可旋转改变电极化方向,具有覆盖范围广、场强分布均匀、场强幅度高的特点,广泛应用于低频辐射抗扰度测试。

交直流输电线路混合电场的人体感受试验及设计控制值研究

交直流输电线路同走廊和同塔架设是随着我国电网技术发展而出现的新输电方式,国内外尚无相应的交直流混合电场设计控制值标准。因此,设计同走廊和同塔架设的交直流输电线路时,导线对地高度和走廊宽度的选取面临无据可依的难题。该文提出确定交直流混合电场设计控制值的原则;开展不同交流(工频)电场和直流电场组合下的人体直接感受和暂态电击感受试验;通过对试验结果的统计分析,获得不同概率下人体不出现明显感受时的交流(工频)电场和直流电场关系曲线;在此基础上,得出确定交直流输电线路混合电场设计控制值的公式。该研究可为同走廊和同塔架设交直流输电线路设计中交直流混合电场的控制提供一定技术支撑。

基于合成场强仪的输电工程地面合成电场研究

高压直流(DC)输电线路交叉跨越是我国特高压(UHV)技术发展中出现的问题。由于两回DC线路相互影响,交叉跨越区域内合成电场呈复杂的三维分布,UHV DC输电工程地面合成电场计算较为困难。选取典型±800 kV UHV DC输电工程进行地面合成电场的实测研究。参照GB 39220—2020,采用HDEM-01合成场强仪进行野外现场实测。测量参数为有效期内的场磨传感器上积聚的电荷量。测量结果与运行初期实测数据的对比结果表明:±800 kV换流站周边运行初期合成电场强度略低于后期,且整体水平较低;沿线电磁环境敏感目标运行初期、后期的实测数据中,74%的数值小于5 kV/m。通过此次研究,明确了UHV DC输电工程合成电场不同时期的特性。该研究有助于推进UHV DC输电工程的快速建成,并提高其运行安全性,从而推动电力工程建设的发展。

特高压交直流输电线路带电作业安全防护及碳减排效应分析

特高压(ultra high voltage,UHV)交流与直流线路同廊道运行时带电作业区域电压高、场强大,交直流混合电场比单一电场更为复杂。为确保作业人员安全,结合实际±1100 kV直流和1000 kV交流线路,建立了包含输电导线、杆塔及带电作业人员的三维计算模型,通过分析开展带电作业时人员的体表混合场强、电位转移电流及暂态能量,对作业人员安全防护进行研究。结果表明:随着作业人员不断接近直流线路,体表场强受交流线路影响越明显,最高可使作业人员体表场强增大约9%,达到1920 kV/m;交流线路的存在将导致电位转移电流增长约7%,但对暂态能量影响较小。通过对特高压线路不停电检修所减少的碳排放量进行进一步计算,验证了特高压带电作业对减少碳排放具有促进作用。

面向西北地区冬季采暖的交直流双路输入电锅炉可行性研究

我国西北地区因冬季寒冷,对取暖的需求更大,因此电锅炉的使用越加频繁,但是输电走廊用地越来越紧缺。基于这种情况,提出对西北地区交直流线路进行优化,使其可以直接输入电锅炉。为了解决输电线路的混合电场问题,对混合电场的各种参数和影响条件进行分析,建立模型进行测量电场数据。实验数据选取西北地区近几年冬季的气温,基于气温、离子迁移率、起晕场强等分析各种情况下线路的情况,计算冬季并行线路混合电场的分布情况和冬季并行路线合成电场的数据,证明了研究的可行性,以及交流线路会对直流合成电场产生一定的屏蔽作用。

三支柱绝缘子的设计与研究

气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(GIL)是一种可以克服输电走廊复杂环境限制、实现城市中心大容量输电的高电压电力传输设备。GIL主要包括三支柱绝缘子、微粒捕捉器、壳体及导体等。三支柱绝缘子作为GIL的关键零部件之一,其电气性能及机械强度直接影响着GIL的运行稳定性。从GIL整体结构设计入手,详细论述了550 kV GIL三支柱绝缘子的优化设计过程,并以电磁场理论为基础对三支柱电场进行仿真解析。通过引入“电场面积”的概念,对比不同尺寸下三支柱沿面电场强度阶梯下的面积大小,得出最优结构。该设计解决了三支柱绝缘子沿面放电的问题,为GIL的开发及应用提供参考。

±800 kV直流线路工程邻近带电体架线施工防护研究

考虑直流输电线路邻近带电体架线施工风险,利用表面电荷法得到导线表面电场强度数学模型,应用有限元计算了邻近±800 kV直流输电线路和T型塔的空间电场分布情况,给出了架线施工时邻近线路和T型塔的最小关注距离。研制了直流电场安全监控报警装置并用于验证有限元仿真结果;依托昌吉–古泉±1000 kV特高压直流工程甘3标段完成了装置功能验证,结合验证结果给出了邻近带电体施工管控措施。研究结果可为邻近带电体架线安全施工提供技术参考。

220kV同塔双回输电线路杆塔电场分布特性研究

随着我国高压交流输电技术的快速发展,高压交流电网已然成为我国电网的主要网架,高压输电线路工频电场不可避免地会对近地面的人类活动产生一定影响,因此有必要对输电线路产生的电磁场进行计算。本文以220kV同塔双回输电线路为研究对象,采用COMSOL有限元仿真软件,模拟同塔双回线鼓形排列条件下杆塔及导线周边的电场,研究分析相序配置、杆塔结构、导线粗细与分裂间距选择,以及导线对地高度等因素对电场分布的影响。结果显示,逆相序排布可显著降低地面电场强度,而导线粗细对电场分布的影响较小,合理的分裂间距有助于控制电场强度,输电线路对地高度是影响地面电场的最关键因素。以上研究结果可为220kV输电线路电场优化提供参考,有助于提升系统的环境兼容性和安全性。

基于ANSYS Maxwell建模的超高压输电线路工频电磁场分布研究

超高压交流输电线路产生的电磁辐射可能会对生物体造成危害。为探究超高压输电线路下方电磁场环境的问题,依据有限元仿真软件ANSYSMaxwell搭建500k V单回和双回输电线路的三维模型分析主要影响因素,重点仿真研究导线在不同的距地高度、排列方式、相序分布、相间距离、相导线分裂根数及子导线半径情况下对输电线路下方工频电场和工频磁感应强度分布规律的影响,并探讨了林地和墙体对磁场的抑制作用。