LONG VALID TIME ENERGY PERFECT CONSERVATIVE FIDELITY SPECTRAL SCHEMES OF BAROTROPIC PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS

In accordance with a new compensation principle of discrete computations,the traditional meteo- rological global (pseudo-) spectral schemes of barotropic primitive equation (s) are transformed into perfect energy conservative fidelity schemes,thus resolving the problems of both nonlinear computa- tional instability and incomplete energy conservation,and raising the computational efficiency of the traditional schemes. As the numerical tests of the new schemes demonstrate,in solving the problem of energy conser- vation in operational computations,the new schemes can eliminate the (nonlinear) computational in- stability and,to some extent even the (nonlinear) computational diverging as found in the traditional schemes,Further contrasts between new and traditional schemes also indicate that,in discrete opera- tional computations,the new scheme in the case of nondivergence is capable of prolonging the valid in- tegral time of the corresponding traditional scheme,and eliminating certain kind of systematical com- putational“climate drift”,meanwhile increasing its computational accuracy and reducing its amount of computation.The working principle of this paper is also applicable to the problem concerning baroclin- ic primitive equations.

THE FORMULATION OF FIDELITY SCHEMES OF PHYSICAL CONSERVATION LAWS AND IMPROVEMENTS ON A TRADITIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL OF BAROCLINIC PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS FOR NUMERICAL PREDICTION

In this paper,two formulation theorems of time-difference fidelity schemes for general quadratic and cubic physical conservation laws are respectively constructed and proved,with earlier major conserving time-discretized schemes given as special cases.These two theorems can provide new mathematical basis for solving basic formulation problems of more types of conservative time- discrete fidelity schemes,and even for formulating conservative temporal-spatial discrete fidelity schemes by combining existing instantly conserving space-discretized schemes.Besides.the two theorems can also solve two large categories of problems about linear and nonlinear computational instability. The traditional global spectral-vertical finite-difference semi-implicit model for baroclinic primitive equations is currently used in many countries in the world for operational weather forecast and numerical simulations of general circulation.The present work,however,based on Theorem 2 formulated in this paper,develops and realizes a high-order total energy conserving semi-implicit time-difference fidelity scheme for global spectral-vertical finite-difference model of baroclinic primitive equations.Prior to this,such a basic formulation problem remains unsolved for long,whether in terms of theory or practice.The total energy conserving semi-implicit scheme formulated here is applicable to real data long-term numerical integration. The experiment of thirteen FGGE data 30-day numerical integration indicates that the new type of total energy conserving semi-implicit fidelity scheme can surely modify the systematic deviation of energy and mass conserving of the traditional scheme.It should be particularly noted that,under the experiment conditions of the present work,the systematic errors induced by the violation of physical laws of conservation in the time-discretized process regarding the traditional scheme designs(called type Z errors for short)can contribute up to one-third of the total systematic root-mean-square(RMS)error at the end of second week of the integration and exceed one half of the total amount four weeks afterwards.In contrast,by realizing a total energy conserving semi-implicit fidelity scheme and thereby eliminating corresponding type Z errors, roughly an average of one-fourth of the RMS errors in the traditional forecast cases can be reduced at the end of second week of the integration,and averagely more than one-third reduced at integral time of four weeks afterwards.In addition,experiment results also reveal that,in a sense,the effects of type Z errors are no less great than that of the real topographic forcing of the model.The prospects of the new type of total energy conserving fidelity schemes are very encouraging.

Improving energetics in an ideal baroclinic instability case with a Physical Conserving Fidelity model

To improve the energetics in the life cycle of an ideal baroclinic instability case, we develop a Physical Conserving Fidelity model （F-model）, and we compare the simulations from the F-model to those of the traditional global spectral semi-implicit model （control model）. The results for spectral kinetic energy and its budget indicate different performances at smaller scales in the two models. A two-way energy flow emerges in the generation and rapid growth stage of the baroclinic disturbance in the F-model. However, only a downscale mechanism dominates in the control model. In the F-model, the meso- and smaller scales are energized initially, and then an active upscale nonlinear cascade occurs. Thus, disturbances at prior scales are forced by both downscale and upscale energy cascades and by conversion from potential energy. An analysis of the eddy kinetic energy budget also shows remarkable enhancement of the energy conversion rate in the F-model. As a result, characteristics of the ideal baroclinic wave are greatly improved in the F-model, in terms of both intensity and time of formation.

保持总能量守恒的“半拉格朗日算法”

大气海洋问题数值计算的重要特征之一是需要作长时间的数值积分，因此在方程差分离散化后如何保持原问题的物理特性成为一个很关键的问题。从传统的“半拉格朗日法”和显式完全能量守恒差分法中吸取“营养”。

物理守恒律保真格式构造与数值预报斜压原始方程传统谱模式改进研究

文中构造并证明了一般二次和三次物理守恒律时间差分保真格式两个构造定理，以往一些主要时间离散守恒格式构造方案可作为两个定理特例给出。它们不仅可为解决更加广泛类别的时间离散保真格式构造基本问题提供适用数学基础，而且也为结合已有瞬时空间离散守恒格式，解决更加广泛类别的时－空离散意义下保真格式构造基本问题提供适用的数学基础。此外，文中两个定理还可解决两大类问题的线性和非线性计算不稳定性问题。斜压原始方程传统半隐式全球谱－垂直有限差分模式目前是世界上许多国家的业务预报和大气环流模式。本工作利用文中新构定理，构造并且实现了斜压原始方程全球谱－垂直有限差分模式半隐式高阶全能量守恒方案。以往该项基本问题无论在理论还是实践上长期以来一直都未能得到解决。该项全能量守恒半隐式全球谱模式方案适用于实测资料的长时间数值预报积分。使用ＦＧＧＥ夏季资料进行的１３个个例３０ｄ数值积分实验表明：新型全能量半隐式保真方案可以有效地改进传统预报方案中关于能量质量守恒性质的系统性偏差。值得注意的是，实验统计分析还显示：在本文实验条件下，传统方案中由于时间离散过程中原物理守恒律性质破坏导致的系统误差（简称Ｚ类误差），对于实验总体均方根系统误差的贡献?

总能量守恒与辛几何算法

以正压大气原始方程为例子,以总能量守恒为主线,介绍动力保守系统两类重要算法———总能量守恒算法和辛几何算法,讨论了两者之间的关系,并给出具体的算例,说明两类算法的有效性.

物理守恒保真计算与理想斜压不稳定波模拟的改进

斜压不稳定是大气波动动力学最重要的机制之一,离散数值方案对斜压不稳定发展的描述能力是模式评估的重要内容和模式改进的重要依据。利用斜压原始方程全球谱模式,进行了Jablonowski-Williamson斜压不稳定理想试验,对传统计算方案和物理守恒律保真两方案进行了模拟结果比较,发现通过保持时间离散过程中的全能量守恒,物理守恒律保真方案能够有效地改进传统方案中斜压扰动发生时间延迟的问题,并且在同等条件下增大斜压扰动的发展强度。对涡动动能收支的分析表明,斜压扰动发生时间和发展强度的改进与能量转换的特征有直接联系;在传统方案的基础上,物理守恒律保真方案由于在时间离散中保持了整体物理守恒性质,能量转换率(尤其是斜压转换率)得到显著增强,从而增大斜压扰动的强度,消息改善与中尺度相关的梯度特征等。

总能量守恒与辛几何算法(英文)

Based on the principle of total energy conservation, we give two important algorithms, the total energy conservation algorithm and the symplectic algorithm, which are established for the spherical shallow water equations. Also, the relation between the two algorithms is analyzed and numerical tests show the efficiency of the algorithms.

上海市能源消费总量分解方案研究

为深入贯彻落实科学发展观,应对气候变化,实现经济增长方式从粗放到集约的转变,全国及各地区均提出了合理控制能源消费总量要求,对总量目标的分解是落实控制目标的必然要求。本文在梳理和分析上海现行的节能管理体制和能耗统计口径、各行业、各区县的用能现状和未来发展趋势基础上,对上海市能源消费总量分解方案开展了研究,并提出了相关工作建议。