This paper considers rearrangeable multihop lightwave networks whereby each network node is equipped with a number p of transmitters and receivers, and a spectrum of wavelengths is accessible by, and shared among, all...This paper considers rearrangeable multihop lightwave networks whereby each network node is equipped with a number p of transmitters and receivers, and a spectrum of wavelengths is accessible by, and shared among, all nodes by using the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). Depending on input traffic flow, nodal transmitters and receivers can be re-tuned to create virtual connectivity best suited with respect to a given optimization criterion. We present an efficient heuristic algorithm that combines two criteria for optimization: throughput maximization, as well as total flow minimization. Throughput maximization criterion is equivalent to congestion minimization, while minimizing total flow under the assumption of having links with equal lengths implies minimization of the average number of hops. Taking into account lengths of the links (i.e. link costs proportional with distances), the total flow minimization becomes equivalent to the total delay minimization. Tabu search is implemented as a two-ph展开更多
This paper reports that high-rate-deposition of microcrystalline silicon solar cells was performed by very-highfrequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. These solar cells, whose intrinsic μc-Si：H layers w...This paper reports that high-rate-deposition of microcrystalline silicon solar cells was performed by very-highfrequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. These solar cells, whose intrinsic μc-Si：H layers were prepared by using a different total gas flow rate （Ftotal）, behave much differently in performance, although their intrinsic layers have similar crystalline volume fraction, opto-electronic properties and a deposition rate of - 1.0 nm/s. The influence of Ftotal on the micro-structural properties was analyzed by Raman and Fourier transformed infrared measurements. The results showed that the vertical uniformity and the compact degree of μc-Si：H thin films were improved with increasing Ftotal. The variation of the microstructure was regarded as the main reason for the difference of the J V parameters. Combined with optical emission spectroscopy, we found that the gas temperature plays an important role in determining the microstructure of thin films. With Ftotal of 300 sccm, a conversion efficiency of 8.11% has been obtained for the intrinsic layer deposited at 8.5 A/s （1 A=0.1 nm）.展开更多
Background: The magnitude of the hyperemic response due to repeated thigh stump exercise on incremental contraction intensity might be useful information in localized exercise tolerance for devising cardiovascular phy...Background: The magnitude of the hyperemic response due to repeated thigh stump exercise on incremental contraction intensity might be useful information in localized exercise tolerance for devising cardiovascular physical therapy for amputees. The effect of exercise on amputated leg blood flow (LBF) may potentially be altered due to voluntary muscle contractions after loss of the lower leg compared with the healthy leg. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male patient with Burger disease attempted 3 min unilateral repeat/dynamic knee extensor exercise at a target muscle contraction frequency (1 s thigh muscle contraction and 1 s relaxation, 90 repetitions) with each leg <right transtibial amputated leg (AL) using a total surface-bearing prosthesis (TSB) and left non-AL> at six different contraction intensities (rubber resistance belt). Simultaneous measurement of blood velocity/flow (Doppler ultrasound) in the femoral artery, blood pressure, leg vascular conductance (LVC), and peak muscle strength (PMS) were performed during the 3 min exercise period. The maximum voluntary contraction by one-legged isometric knee muscle contraction was 14.7 kg in non-AL and 7.9 kg in the AL with prosthesis. The relative PMS was defined as “PMS/maximum voluntary contraction × 100 (%)”. Pre-exercise LBF was lower in the AL (200 ± 25 ml/min) than the non-AL (275 ± 74 ml/min). Both the non-AL and AL showed good positive linear relationships between absolute-/relative-PMS and LBF or LVC during 30 s at steady-state before the end of the exercise period. Furthermore, there was also similarity seen in the increase rate in LBF and/or LVC for the incremental relative PMS compared with the absolute PMS. Conclusion: In this case, the muscle strength depended on blood flow increase/vasodilation was seen in this “AL” using a TSB prosthesis for repeated dynamic knee extensor exercise. The present amputee’s limb muscle strengthening with the resection stump closely related to the degree of hyperemia in the amputated limb.展开更多
Several methods for analysis of dissolved total phosphorus in seawater were reviewed. Discussions were focused on UVirradiation and persulphate oxidation methods which are the most popular dissolved organic phosphorus...Several methods for analysis of dissolved total phosphorus in seawater were reviewed. Discussions were focused on UVirradiation and persulphate oxidation methods which are the most popular dissolved organic phosphorus determinationmethods presently. The compounds used for the phosphorus recovery test were categorized into three groups accordingto their chemical structure. It was found that low power UV irradiation can decompose POC or PC bonds efficientlybut may be inefficient for POP bonds. Heating-bath in acid condition is useful for decomposing POP bonds. Usingthe continuous flow analysis system (Auto-analyzer II), UV digestion and heating-bath, series experiments were carriedout based on the above analysis. Eleven model compounds were employed for the phosphorus recovery test and thefactors influencing the decomposition efficiency of dissolved compounds containing phosphorus were clarified. Finally,the optimal design for determination of dissolved total phosphorus in seawater based on the routine continuous flowanalysis system was presented. For the organic mono-phosphate, the recovery is more than 90% and a recovery of33%~51% was obtained for inorganic or organic polyphosphates. Up to now, this is the highest decompositionefficiency for dissolved phosphorus based on the continuous flow analysis system.展开更多
Background: Due to the aging population and increased survival of the patients with coronary artery disease, there is an increasing number of patients with debilitating angina refractory to optimal medical treatment w...Background: Due to the aging population and increased survival of the patients with coronary artery disease, there is an increasing number of patients with debilitating angina refractory to optimal medical treatment who are not candidates for revascularization. In case of low ischemic load, the treatment of stable refractory angina is aimed at symptom reduction. There are several new treatment methods targeting myocardial ischemia available, including coronary sinus flow reducer (CFR) implantation. Case Report: We report a case of a patient suffering from CCS class IV angina despite optimal medical therapy, with further revascualrization options exhausted, who was successfully treated with coronary sinus flow reducer (CFR). Besides technical skill to reach ostium of coronary sinus, the most important technical tip is precise positioning of the CFR. The reduction of angina symptoms started after epithelisation of CFR frame, usually 6 - 7 weeks after implantation. At 6-month follow-up, the patient reported a marked reduction of angina symptoms, with CCS grade improving by three classes (from IV to I). At 10-month follow-up, the sustainment of CCS grade I angina symptoms was reported by the patient. Conclusions: We conclude that CFR can be safely and successfully implanted in patients suffering from refractory angina. Considerable improvements in CCS grade may be experienced in certain cases.展开更多
The harmonic analyses of monthly mean total ozone in the atmosphere over the Northern Hemisphere for 26 years (1960-1985) are made by using the Fourier expansion. The analysed results show that there is obviously a qu...The harmonic analyses of monthly mean total ozone in the atmosphere over the Northern Hemisphere for 26 years (1960-1985) are made by using the Fourier expansion. The analysed results show that there is obviously a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the interannual variations of the amplitudes of total ozone. Generally, the amplitudes of wavenumber 1 and 2 during the westerly of the equatorial QBO are larger than those during the easterly. In the early winter, the amplitude of wavenumber 1 during the easterly phase is larger, and in the late winter, it is larger during the westerly phase. These are in good agreement with the observational distributions.展开更多
The flow shop scheduling problem with limited buffers( LBFSP) widely exists in manufacturing systems. A hybrid discrete harmony search algorithm is proposed for the problem to minimize total flow time. The algorithm p...The flow shop scheduling problem with limited buffers( LBFSP) widely exists in manufacturing systems. A hybrid discrete harmony search algorithm is proposed for the problem to minimize total flow time. The algorithm presents a novel discrete improvisation and a differential evolution scheme with the jobpermutation-based representation. Moreover,the discrete harmony search is hybridized with the problem-dependent local search based on insert neighborhood to balance the global exploration and local exploitation. In addition, an orthogonal experiment design is employed to provide a receipt for turning the adjustable parameters of the algorithm. Comparisons based on the Taillard benchmarks indicate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.展开更多
基金This work was supported partly by the National Science Foundation Grant ANI 9814014 the project 036033-Architectural Elements for Regional Information Infrastructure, funded jointly by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Cr
文摘This paper considers rearrangeable multihop lightwave networks whereby each network node is equipped with a number p of transmitters and receivers, and a spectrum of wavelengths is accessible by, and shared among, all nodes by using the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). Depending on input traffic flow, nodal transmitters and receivers can be re-tuned to create virtual connectivity best suited with respect to a given optimization criterion. We present an efficient heuristic algorithm that combines two criteria for optimization: throughput maximization, as well as total flow minimization. Throughput maximization criterion is equivalent to congestion minimization, while minimizing total flow under the assumption of having links with equal lengths implies minimization of the average number of hops. Taking into account lengths of the links (i.e. link costs proportional with distances), the total flow minimization becomes equivalent to the total delay minimization. Tabu search is implemented as a two-ph
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos 2006CB202602 and 2006CB202603)the Tianjin Assistant Foundation for the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 07QTPTJC29500)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (Grant No 07JCYBJC04000)
文摘This paper reports that high-rate-deposition of microcrystalline silicon solar cells was performed by very-highfrequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. These solar cells, whose intrinsic μc-Si：H layers were prepared by using a different total gas flow rate （Ftotal）, behave much differently in performance, although their intrinsic layers have similar crystalline volume fraction, opto-electronic properties and a deposition rate of - 1.0 nm/s. The influence of Ftotal on the micro-structural properties was analyzed by Raman and Fourier transformed infrared measurements. The results showed that the vertical uniformity and the compact degree of μc-Si：H thin films were improved with increasing Ftotal. The variation of the microstructure was regarded as the main reason for the difference of the J V parameters. Combined with optical emission spectroscopy, we found that the gas temperature plays an important role in determining the microstructure of thin films. With Ftotal of 300 sccm, a conversion efficiency of 8.11% has been obtained for the intrinsic layer deposited at 8.5 A/s （1 A=0.1 nm）.
文摘Background: The magnitude of the hyperemic response due to repeated thigh stump exercise on incremental contraction intensity might be useful information in localized exercise tolerance for devising cardiovascular physical therapy for amputees. The effect of exercise on amputated leg blood flow (LBF) may potentially be altered due to voluntary muscle contractions after loss of the lower leg compared with the healthy leg. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male patient with Burger disease attempted 3 min unilateral repeat/dynamic knee extensor exercise at a target muscle contraction frequency (1 s thigh muscle contraction and 1 s relaxation, 90 repetitions) with each leg <right transtibial amputated leg (AL) using a total surface-bearing prosthesis (TSB) and left non-AL> at six different contraction intensities (rubber resistance belt). Simultaneous measurement of blood velocity/flow (Doppler ultrasound) in the femoral artery, blood pressure, leg vascular conductance (LVC), and peak muscle strength (PMS) were performed during the 3 min exercise period. The maximum voluntary contraction by one-legged isometric knee muscle contraction was 14.7 kg in non-AL and 7.9 kg in the AL with prosthesis. The relative PMS was defined as “PMS/maximum voluntary contraction × 100 (%)”. Pre-exercise LBF was lower in the AL (200 ± 25 ml/min) than the non-AL (275 ± 74 ml/min). Both the non-AL and AL showed good positive linear relationships between absolute-/relative-PMS and LBF or LVC during 30 s at steady-state before the end of the exercise period. Furthermore, there was also similarity seen in the increase rate in LBF and/or LVC for the incremental relative PMS compared with the absolute PMS. Conclusion: In this case, the muscle strength depended on blood flow increase/vasodilation was seen in this “AL” using a TSB prosthesis for repeated dynamic knee extensor exercise. The present amputee’s limb muscle strengthening with the resection stump closely related to the degree of hyperemia in the amputated limb.
基金The research was supported by the National Basic Research Program(“973”Program)of China under contract No.2002CB412405the Key Science and Technology Plan of the Ministry of Education of China under contract No.[2000]156-00079the Joint Sino-German Project under contract No.03F0189A.
文摘Several methods for analysis of dissolved total phosphorus in seawater were reviewed. Discussions were focused on UVirradiation and persulphate oxidation methods which are the most popular dissolved organic phosphorus determinationmethods presently. The compounds used for the phosphorus recovery test were categorized into three groups accordingto their chemical structure. It was found that low power UV irradiation can decompose POC or PC bonds efficientlybut may be inefficient for POP bonds. Heating-bath in acid condition is useful for decomposing POP bonds. Usingthe continuous flow analysis system (Auto-analyzer II), UV digestion and heating-bath, series experiments were carriedout based on the above analysis. Eleven model compounds were employed for the phosphorus recovery test and thefactors influencing the decomposition efficiency of dissolved compounds containing phosphorus were clarified. Finally,the optimal design for determination of dissolved total phosphorus in seawater based on the routine continuous flowanalysis system was presented. For the organic mono-phosphate, the recovery is more than 90% and a recovery of33%~51% was obtained for inorganic or organic polyphosphates. Up to now, this is the highest decompositionefficiency for dissolved phosphorus based on the continuous flow analysis system.
文摘Background: Due to the aging population and increased survival of the patients with coronary artery disease, there is an increasing number of patients with debilitating angina refractory to optimal medical treatment who are not candidates for revascularization. In case of low ischemic load, the treatment of stable refractory angina is aimed at symptom reduction. There are several new treatment methods targeting myocardial ischemia available, including coronary sinus flow reducer (CFR) implantation. Case Report: We report a case of a patient suffering from CCS class IV angina despite optimal medical therapy, with further revascualrization options exhausted, who was successfully treated with coronary sinus flow reducer (CFR). Besides technical skill to reach ostium of coronary sinus, the most important technical tip is precise positioning of the CFR. The reduction of angina symptoms started after epithelisation of CFR frame, usually 6 - 7 weeks after implantation. At 6-month follow-up, the patient reported a marked reduction of angina symptoms, with CCS grade improving by three classes (from IV to I). At 10-month follow-up, the sustainment of CCS grade I angina symptoms was reported by the patient. Conclusions: We conclude that CFR can be safely and successfully implanted in patients suffering from refractory angina. Considerable improvements in CCS grade may be experienced in certain cases.
文摘The harmonic analyses of monthly mean total ozone in the atmosphere over the Northern Hemisphere for 26 years (1960-1985) are made by using the Fourier expansion. The analysed results show that there is obviously a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the interannual variations of the amplitudes of total ozone. Generally, the amplitudes of wavenumber 1 and 2 during the westerly of the equatorial QBO are larger than those during the easterly. In the early winter, the amplitude of wavenumber 1 during the easterly phase is larger, and in the late winter, it is larger during the westerly phase. These are in good agreement with the observational distributions.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.61174040,61104178)Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology,China(No.12JC1403400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The flow shop scheduling problem with limited buffers( LBFSP) widely exists in manufacturing systems. A hybrid discrete harmony search algorithm is proposed for the problem to minimize total flow time. The algorithm presents a novel discrete improvisation and a differential evolution scheme with the jobpermutation-based representation. Moreover,the discrete harmony search is hybridized with the problem-dependent local search based on insert neighborhood to balance the global exploration and local exploitation. In addition, an orthogonal experiment design is employed to provide a receipt for turning the adjustable parameters of the algorithm. Comparisons based on the Taillard benchmarks indicate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.
