Effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng on immature neuroblasts in the adult olfactory bulb following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

The main active components extracted from Panax notoginseng are total saponins. They have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, increase cerebral blood flow, improve neurological behavior, decrease infarct volume and promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus and lateral ventricles. However, there is a lack of studies on whether total saponins of Panax notoginsertg have potential benefits on immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb following ischemia and reperfusion. This study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion using four-vessel occlusion. Rats were administered total sa- ponins of Panax notoginseng at 75 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes after ischemia then once a day, for either 7 or 14 days. Total saponins of Panax notoginseng enhanced the number of dou- blecortin （DCX）＋ neural progenitor ceils and increased co-localization of DCX with neuronal nuclei and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding/DCX＋ neural progenitor cells in the olfactory bulb at 7 and 14 days post ischemia. These findings indicate that following global brain ischemia/reperfusion, total saponins of Panax notoginseng promote differentiation of DCX＋ cells expressing immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb and the underlying mechanism is related to the activation of the signaling pathway of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein.

Dammarane-type saponins from steamed leaves of Panax notoginseng

Four new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins,namely notoginsenosides SFt1-SFt4(1-4)were isolated from the steamed leaves of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen(Araliaceae),together with 17 known saponins.Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and acidic hydrolysis.The known ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 were obtained from P.notoginseng for the first time.All of these new saponins showed no in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines(HL-60,SMMC-7712,A-549,MCF-7,and SW480).

Advances in Researches of Extraction, Separation, and Purification Technologies for Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng

Total saponins of Panax notoginseng have the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing phlegm, thus they have high medicinal value. There are many different extraction methods in the extraction and separation of total saponins of P. notoginseng . The extraction methods of total saponins of P. notoginseng are mainly divided into traditional extraction methods, modern extraction methods and compound extraction methods.

Advances in Researches of Extraction Processes of Total Saponins of Pnanx Notoginseng

Traditional extraction methods of total saponins of Panax notoginseng include cold soaking method,water decoction method,alcohol reflux method,percolation method,macroporous resin adsorption method,and accelerated solvent extraction( ASE) method. Modern extraction methods include ultrasonic extraction,microwave assisted extraction,supercritical CO_2 extraction,microbial fermentation assisted extraction,neural network model optimized extraction method,and multi-stage countercurrent extraction method. This paper discussed principles of these methods and compared their advantages and disadvantages.

Effects of Organic and Medium and Trace Element Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Panax notoginseng

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the effects of organic and medium and trace element fertilizers(Ca,Zn,B)on yield and quality of Panax notoginseng to provide theoretical support for rational fertilization in cultivation of P.notoginseng.[Methods]Five fertilization treatments,control(CK),organic fertilizer(OM),zinc fertilizer(ZF),boron fertilizer(BF)and lime(LF),were designed.A two-consecutive-year field plot trail was conducted.The biological traits,yield and saponin content of P.notoginseng were determined.[Results]The application of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on the biological traits of P.notoginseng.Trace element fertilizers significantly increased the scape length of P.notoginseng.Among the treatments,ZF significantly increased the single flower weight but reduced the inflorescence diameter,while the effects of BF were opposite to those of ZF;LF significantly increased the stem thickness and reduced the plant height.All treatments significantly increased the seedling rate of three-year-old P.notoginseng,and the increase in the LF group(20.49%)was the largest,followed by those in the ZF(16.80%)and OM(16.40%)groups,and the increase in the BF group(13.08%)was the smallest.Although OM,ZF and BF treatments caused the root weight of individual plants to decrease,the final yield of each treatment was higher than that of the control group,and the increases in the BF and LF groups exceeded 17%(P<0.05).The total saponin outputs of all the treatments except OM were significantly higher than that of the control group.[Conclusions]Under the conditions of this test,the supplementation of organic and medium and trace element fertilizers on the basis of conventional fertilization will help to increase the yield of P.notoginseng.However,the reduction of the total saponin output of P.notoginseng caused by organic fertilizer cannot be ignored.

Combination of Total Astragalus Extract and Total Panax Notoginseng Saponins Strengthened the Protective Effects on Brain Damage through Improving Energy Metabolism and Inhibiting Apoptosis after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice

Objective： To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of the combination between total Astragalus extract （TAE） and total Panax notoginseng saponins （TPNS） against cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury. Methods： C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group, TAE （110 mg/kg） group, TPNS （115 mg/kg） group, TAE-TPNS combination group and Edaravone （4 mg/kg） group, treated for 4 days, then, cerebral ischemia-repeffusion injury was established by bilateral common carotid artery （CCA） ligation for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 1 and 24 h. Results： TPNS could increase adenosine triphosphate （ATP） level, TAE and TAE-TPNS combination increased ATP, adenosine diphosphate （ADP） contents and Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity, and the effects of TAE-TPNS combination were stronger than those of TAE or TPNS alone after reperfusion for 1 h. After reperfusion for 24 h, TAE, TPNS and TAE-TPNS combination significantly increased neurocyte survival rate and decreased the apoptosis rate as well as down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated c-June N-terminal kinasel/2 （p-JNK1/2）, cytochrome C （Cyt C）, cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease （Caspase）-9 and Caspase-3. Furthermore, the effects in TAE-TPNS combination were better than those in TAE or TPNS alone. Conclusion： The combination of TAE 110 mg/kg and TPNS 115 mg/kg could strengthen protective effects on cerebral ischemia injury, the mechanism underlying might be related to improving jointly the early energy metabolism, and relieving the delayed apoptosis via inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of JNK signal transduction.

Transformation of Compound K from Saponins in Leaves of Panax notoginseng by Immobilized β-Glucanase

Objective To prepare an active anti-tumor component,compound K(C-K),from saponins in leaves of Panax notoginseng(SLPN) using immobilized β-glucanase.Methods Two entrapments,alginate gel-1(Alg 1) and alginate gel-2(Alg 2),were evaluated for their ability to immobilize β-glucanase.The amount and purity of C-K obtained from the transformation process were analyzed by HPLC,and the immobilizing parameters were optimized.Results β-Glucanase can be immobilized and reused with either of the entrapment.However,using Alg 1 resulted in higher enzyme activity than Alg 2.The optimal concentration of the immobilized enzyme was 10%;The optimal crosslinking time was 4–6 h;and the optimal concentration of the crosslinking agent was 6%– 7%.Conclusion Immobilized β-glucanase shows sustained enzyme activity,good ethanol tolerance,and was reusable for the preparation of C-K from SLPN.

Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng Activate Akt/mTOR Pathway and Exhibit Neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo against Ischemic Damage

Objective:To reveal the neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanisms of a mixture of the main components of Panax notoginseng saponins(TSPN)on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxygenglucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)of cultured cortical neurons.Methods:The neuroprotective effect of TSPN was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay,flow cytometry and live/dead cell assays.The morphology of dendrites was detected by immunofluorescence.Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was developed in rats as a model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.The neuroprotective effect of TSPN was evaluated by neurological scoring,tail suspension test,2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)and Nissl stainings.Western blot analysis,immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to measure the changes in the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway.Results:MTT showed that TSPN(50,25 and 12.5μg/m L)protected cortical neurons after OGD/R treatment(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Flow cytometry and live/dead cell assays indicated that 25μg/m L TSPN decreased neuronal apoptosis(P<0.05),and immunofluorescence showed that 25μg/m L TSPN restored the dendritic morphology of damaged neurons(P<0.05).Moreover,12.5μg/m L TSPN downregulated the expression of Beclin-1,Cleaved-caspase 3 and LC3 B-Ⅱ/LC3 B-Ⅰ,and upregulated the levels of phosphorylated(p)-Akt and p-mTOR(P<0.01 or P<0.05).In the MCAO model,50μg/m L TSPN improved defective neurological behavior and reduced infarct volume(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 B in cerebral ischemic penumbra was downregulated after 50μg/m L TSPN treatment,whereas the p-mTOR level was upregulated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions:TSPN promoted neuronal survival and protected dendrite integrity after OGD/R and had a potential therapeutic effect by alleviating neurological deficits and reversing neuronal loss.TSPN promoted p-mTOR and inhibited Beclin-1 to alleviate ischemic damage,which may be the mechanism that underlies the neuroprotective activity of TSPN.

三七总皂苷复合纳米囊泡对糖尿病足溃疡大鼠皮肤创面愈合及血管生成的影响

目的:探究三七总皂苷(PNS)复合纳米囊泡对糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)大鼠皮肤创面愈合及血管生成的影响。方法:取雄性SD大鼠构建DFU模型,将造模成功的27只大鼠随机分为DFU组、PNS组和PNS复合纳米囊泡(PNS-CNV)组,每组9只。另取12只血糖正常的皮肤创面大鼠作为对照组(Control组)。比较各组创面愈合率。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测大鼠血清中炎症因子白介素(IL)-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,苏木精—伊红(HE)染色法检测创面组织病理学变化,免疫组化染色检测创面组织微血管密度(MVD),western blotting法检测创面组织中血管生成因子(VEGF)、神经源性基因同源蛋白(Notch1)蛋白表达。结果:造模后DFU组、PNS和PNS-CNV组大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)均高于Control组(P<0.05);药物干预7 d、14 d时,与DFU组相比,PNS组和PNS-CNV组大鼠FBG明显降低,且PNS-CNV组低于PNS组(均P<0.05)。与Control组相比,DFU组大鼠创面愈合率、创面组织CD34阳性表达、MVD及VEGF蛋白表达量均明显降低,血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α含量及创面组织Notch1蛋白表达量升高(均P<0.05);与DFU组相比,PNS和PNS-CNV组大鼠创面愈合率、创面组织CD34阳性表达、MVD及VEGF蛋白表达量升高,血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α含量及创面组织中Notch1蛋白表达量降低(均P<0.05);与PNS组相比,PNS-CNV组大鼠创面愈合率、创面组织CD34阳性表达、MVD及VEGF蛋白表达量升高,血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α含量及创面组织Notch1蛋白表达量降低(均P<0.05)。结论:PNS-CNV可上调DFU大鼠创面组织中VEGF表达,抑制炎症反应,促进新生血管生成,从而加速创面的愈合,且该作用优于PNS。

三七总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注后神经功能恢复的影响

目的探究三七总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注后神经功能恢复的影响。方法培养30只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,构建脑缺血再灌注模型。将大鼠分为假手术组、模型组和三七总皂苷组,每组10只大鼠。检测各组大鼠脑梗面积、脑含水量。Longa评分评价大鼠神经功能缺损情况。水迷宫实验检测大鼠神经功能。检测各组大鼠血清中氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷光甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量和炎症因子指标肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量。Tunel染色检测各组大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡情况。结果和假手术组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠脑梗面积、脑含水量、神经功能缺损评分、学习潜伏期和记忆潜伏期显著升高,SOD、GSH、IL-10含量显著降低,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量显著升高,海马神经元凋亡比例显著升高(P<0.05)。和模型组大鼠相比,三七总皂苷组大鼠脑梗面积、脑含水量、神经功能缺损评分、学习潜伏期和记忆潜伏期显著降低,SOD、GSH、IL-10含量显著升高,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量显著降低,海马神经元凋亡比例显著降低(P<0.05)。结论三七总皂苷可能通过抑制大鼠炎症反应和氧化应激,减少海马神经元凋亡,促进脑缺血再灌注后神经功能恢复。

三七总皂苷超声波经皮药物导入联合综合疗法治疗冈上肌肌腱炎的临床效果

目的:观察三七总皂苷超声波经皮药物导入联合综合疗法治疗冈上肌肌腱炎的临床效果。方法:选取2022年1月-2023年9月北京积水潭医院贵州医院收治的冈上肌肌腱炎患者60例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各30例。两组均给予综合疗法,试验组接受三七总皂苷葡萄糖溶液超声波经皮药物导入治疗,对照组接受体外冲击波治疗。比较两组疼痛情况、肩关节功能。结果:治疗前,两组疼痛视觉模拟评分法评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组疼痛视觉模拟评分法评分低于治疗前,且试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:三七总皂苷超声波经皮药物导入联合综合疗法治疗冈上肌肌腱炎的临床效果较好,能够减轻疼痛,改善患者肩关节功能。

三七总皂苷对短暂性前脑缺血大鼠海马区神经元的修复作用实验研究

目的:探讨三七总皂苷对短暂性前脑缺血大鼠海马区神经元的修复作用。方法:选择30只SD大鼠,随机分为三七总皂苷组、模型组、假手术组,每组10只。模型组、三七总皂苷组使用四血管闭塞建立短暂性前脑缺血大鼠动物模型。假手术组手术方式同三七总皂苷组,不做卡环夹闭、电灼永久性闭塞,仅将右侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈外动脉暴露,之后逐层缝合。三七总皂苷组造模后灌胃给予50 mg/kg三七总皂苷,每天2次,每次间隔12 h,模型组、假手术组灌胃给予等量的0.5%羟甲基纤维素钠。对比三组干预后7、14、28 d的海马神经细胞凋亡、新生神经元数量,对比三组大鼠的学习记忆能力,对比三组干预后7、14、28 d时测量大鼠脑梗死体积及含水量,对比三组DCX/NeuN染色阳性的细胞数量。结果:模型组干预后7、14、28 d的海马神经细胞凋亡明显较三七总皂苷组、假手术组高(均P<0.05);三七总皂苷组干预后7、14、28 d的海马神经细胞凋亡明显较假手术组高(均P<0.05);三七总皂苷组干预后7、14、28 d的海马新生神经元明显较模型组、假手术组高(均P<0.05);干预后7、14、28 d的模型组新生神经元明显较假手术组高(均P<0.05);三七总皂苷组中,随着干预时间延长,海马神经细胞凋亡明显降低,新生神经元明显升高(均P<0.05)。模型组大鼠的潜伏期、错误次数、第1记忆错误次数、第1天学习错误次数、第5天记忆错误次数、第5天学习错误次数明显较三七总皂苷组、假手术组高(均P<0.05),三七总皂苷组大鼠的潜伏期、错误次数、第1天记忆错误次数、第1天学习错误次数、第5天记忆错误次数、第5天学习错误次数明显较假手术组高(均P<0.05)。三七总皂苷组中,随着干预时间延长,第1天记忆错误次数、第1天学习错误次数、第5天记忆错误次数、第5天学习错误次数明显降低(均P<0.05)。模型组的脑梗死体积、含水量明显较三七总皂苷组、假手术组高(均P<0.05)。三七总皂苷组的脑梗死体积、含水量明显较假手术组高(均P<0.05)。三七总皂苷组中,随着干预时间延长,脑梗死体积、含水量明显降低(均P<0.05)。三七总皂苷组的DCX/NeuN染色阳性细胞数量明显较模型组、假手术组高(均P<0.05),模型组明显较假手术组高(P<0.05)。结论:三七总皂苷可促进短暂性前脑缺血大鼠海马区神经元的修复。

三七茎叶-滇黄精速溶粉提取工艺及抗氧化活性分析

为探索三七茎叶-滇黄精复合产品的开发工艺,该研究分析了三七茎叶-滇黄精速溶粉中可溶性总糖、皂苷、多酚化合物的组成及含量,并测定其抗氧化活性。以单因素-响应面实验考察三七茎叶-滇黄精在乙醇添加量、料液比(g∶mL)、浸提时间3种变量条件下的最佳浸提条件,进一步以喷雾干燥的方法获取三七茎叶-滇黄精速溶粉,以蒽酮比色法测定速溶粉中可溶性总糖的含量,高效液相色谱法测定速溶粉中皂苷、多酚含量,进一步测定其抗氧化活性,并进行感官审评。喷雾干燥优化出三七茎叶与滇黄精的最佳质量比为6∶4,最佳浸提工艺为三七茎叶-滇黄精的料液比(g∶mL)为1∶21,29%(体积分数)乙醇,浸提37 h,重复浸提2次,每1 kg复合物可得到速溶粉374.23 g,得粉率37.42%,该速溶粉溶解性好,香甜回甘。速溶粉中可溶性总糖含量为(55.44±3.21)mg/g,活性成分以三七皂苷Fa、Fd、Fc、人参皂苷Rb1等7种皂苷及咖啡酸(caffeic acid,CA)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin-3-gallate,ECG)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocahechin-3-gallate,EGCG)等5种酚类化合物为主。抗氧化活性结果表明,三七茎叶-滇黄精速溶粉对ABTS阳离子自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基具有较好的清除能力,其IC 50值分别为0.30、0.63、0.49、1.67 mg/mL。该研究优化了三七茎叶-滇黄精浸提工艺,所得速溶粉富含皂苷、多酚、可溶性糖等成分,为三七茎叶和滇黄精在食品开发领域提供基础研究数据,为云南特色食品及药食同源产品的开发利用提供科学支撑。

三七总皂苷调控SIRT1/FOXO3a/p27通路抑制大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖

目的探讨三七总皂苷(PNS)通过SIRT1/FOXO3a/p27通路抑制大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)增殖的作用。方法首先将PASMCs随机分为正常(Control)组和三七总皂苷(PNS)组、野百合碱(MCT)组和野百合碱+三七总皂苷(MCT+PNS)组,CCK8检测PNS对正常细胞的安全浓度,进一步检测PNS抑制增殖的最适浓度;为研究作用机制将PASMCs分为Control组、溶剂(DMSO组)组、MCT组、MCT+PNS组、MCT+PNS+SIRT1抑制剂(MCT+PNS+EX-527)组。造模结束,Edu检测细胞增殖;免疫荧光检测SIRT1、FOXO3a表达;qPCR检测细胞SIRT1、FOXO3a、p27、PCNA的表达。结果CCK8显示:0~400 mg·L^(-1)的PNS对正常细胞无毒(P>0.05),100 mg·L^(-1)的PNS可显著抑制MCT诱导的细胞增殖(P<0.01);Edu显示:MCT组较Control组增殖增多;MCT+PNS组较MCT组增殖减少;MCT+PNS+EX-527组较MCT+PNS组增殖增多。免疫荧光和qPCR显示:MCT组较Control组,SIRT1、FOXO3a、p27表达降低,PCNA表达增高;较MCT组,MCT+PNS组SIRT1、FOXO3a、p27表达增多,PCNA表达降低;较MCT+PNS组,MCT+PNS+EX-527组SIRT1、FOXO3a、p27表达降低,PCNA表达增高。结论PNS可通过SIRT1/FOXO3a/p27通路抑制大鼠PASMCs增殖。

人参、西洋参及三七参指纹图谱鉴别

目的 :对人参、西洋参和三七参进行指纹图谱研究。方法 :PolarisC18 A ,乙腈 水梯度脱 ,流速 1.5ml·min-1,检测波长 2 0 3nm。结果和结论 :3种参的皂苷类成分均得到很好分离 ,该法可有效鉴别人参、西洋参和三七参。

三七总皂甙对IL-1α诱导大鼠肾小管细胞转分化的影响

目的研究三七总皂甙 (PNS)能否通过阻断IL 1α诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化及减少细胞外基质分泌 ,防治肾间质纤维化的发生。方法体外培养正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞 (NRK5 2E) ,应用倒置相差显微镜及扫描电镜观察NRK5 2E细胞形态学变化 ;流式细胞技术及免疫组织化学方法检测α 平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α SMA)表达 ;ELISA法定量检测细胞上清液中纤维连接蛋白 (FN)水平。结果IL 1α可诱导肾小管上皮肌纤维母细胞转分化 (TEMT) ,细胞肥大、拉长呈梭形 ,α SMA表达明显增强 ,FN分泌增加 (P <0 0 5 )。加入不同浓度PNS后 ,细胞形态接近正常肾小管上皮细胞形态 ,α SMA表达、FN分泌均较IL 1α诱导组明显抑制 (P <0 0 5 )。这些作用呈剂量依赖性抑制 (P <0 0 5 )。单独加入不同剂量PNS肾小管细胞无明显变化。结论IL 1α可诱导肾小管上皮细胞肌纤维母细胞转分化 ,并可促进细胞外基质成分FN的沉积 ;PNS能抑制IL 1α诱导的NRK5 2E细胞转分化及细胞外基质分泌 。

三七叶甙制备原人参二醇及其差向异构体

三七叶总甙以c(NaOH)=2mol/L的氢氧化钠水溶液溶解,沸水浴加热8h进行水解,所得产物经乙酸乙酯萃取和硅胶柱层析分离得到原人参二醇。三七叶总甙与浓盐酸常温反应7h后,再用饱和碳酸钠溶液常温搅拌24h,所得产物经乙酸乙酯萃取和硅胶柱层析分离得到20(R) 原人参二醇。它们的结构经光谱分析及与文献对照得以鉴定。

三七根及花总皂苷抗肿瘤细胞诱导的血小板聚集研究

目的:考察三七根和花总皂苷抗肿瘤细胞诱导的血小板聚集(TC IPA)作用。方法:应用B ron氏比浊法分别从体外、体内考察三七根和花总皂苷对人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231诱导的血小板聚集能力。结果:三七花总皂苷在120、240、480 mg/L质量浓度下对TC IPA均有一定的抑制作用,三七根总皂苷只在高、中剂量抑制TC IPA。体内实验三七根和三七花总皂苷各剂量均可显著抑制TC IPA,且呈剂量依赖关系。三七花作用效果优于三七根。结论:三七根和花总皂苷具有抗肿瘤细胞诱导的血小板聚集能力,具有潜在的抗肿瘤血行转移能力。

三七总皂苷对大鼠肝脏肾脏的毒性作用

目的:研究三七总皂苷对大鼠肝脏肾脏的毒性作用。方法:Wistar大鼠32只,雌雄各半,体重140～180g,随机分成溶剂(注射用水)对照组和三七总皂苷50,150和450mg·kg^(-1)组,各组每日肌内注射相应剂量的药物或溶剂,连续给予28d(高剂量组给药3d),每周测定动物体重。给药2周及4周后眼眶取血,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氧基转移酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)及肌酐(CREA)的活性,取肝脏、肾脏,HE染色光镜观察组织病理学变化。结果:三七总皂苷450mg·kg^(-1)组动物体重显著下降,肝、肾功能指标(AST,ALT,BUN及CREA)显著升高,组织病理学检查出现肝细胞及肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死。结论:三七总皂苷肌内注射450 mg·kg^(-1)对大鼠具有明显的肝脏、肾脏毒性。

近红外光谱法快速测定三七总皂苷的方法研究

以中药为实例 ,提出用近红外光谱技术快速检测复杂物质分析体系中有效组分 .在 0 .133%～ 7.0 4 0 %浓度内 ,根据三七总皂苷在 75 0 0～ 4 0 0 0 cm- 1 的近红外吸收光谱 ,利用光纤远程传输技术 ,采用偏最小二乘算法建立校正模型 ,建立了在三七药材提取物中定量检测该物质的新方法 .交叉检验的最佳主因子数为 4 ,相关系数 R2 为99.4 3% ,交叉验证均方差为 0 .15 9% .该方法快速、准确、简便 ,适合于中药工业过程在线检测 .