低氮负荷对序批式静态沉降工艺性能的影响分析

分析了低氮负荷对序批式静态沉降工艺性能的影响及其性能恢复情况。结果表明:在温度30℃~35℃、pH值7.8~8.3的运行条件下,当进水总氮负荷从0.079 kg/(m^(3)·d)降低到0.038 kg/(m^(3)·d)、0.024 kg/(m^(3)·d)、0.020 kg/(m^(3)·d)时,污水的总氮去除率从74.18%下降到62.03%、54.02%、49.76%;低负荷运行阶段结束后,当总氮负荷由0.020 kg/(m^(3)·d)提高到0.116 kg/(m^(3)·d)时,总氮去除率提高至92%;表明低氮负荷对污泥的活性和处理效果有明显的抑制作用,在总氮负荷提升后,反应器中的硝化反应与反硝化反应得到提高,反应活性逐渐得到恢复。

Discussion on the Operation of Urban Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

Urban sewage treatment facility is an important ways to control polluted domestic water. The operation of urban sewage treatment facilities is good or not, and whether the effectiveness of pollutant emission reduction can be exerted play a significant role in reducing the pollution of living sources. Nowadays the operation of urban sewage treatment facilities is mainly evaluated by the load rate. However, due to the failure to fully implement the reformation of the rainwater and polluted water in Guangdong Province, the domestic sewage is mixed with rainwater during the rainy season and is included in the treatment of urban sewage treatment facilities. Therefore, it is not objective to evaluate the operation of sewage treatment facilities using only the load rate of sewage treatment. According to the situation of Guangdong Province, the load rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in domestic sewage and load rate of sewage treatment were included in the evaluation, and 20 urban sewage treatment facilities were selected as research objects. The operation situations and emission reduction benefits of urban sewage treatment facilities in different regions of Guangdong Province were roughly evaluated.

SNAD-MBBR处理垃圾渗滤液厌氧出水的脱氮研究

利用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)对亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化(SNAD)工艺处理垃圾渗滤液厌氧出水的脱氮效果进行了研究。SNAD-MBBR反应器内投加K3填料,控制温度为33～35℃、DO为0. 03～0. 1 mg/L、pH值为7. 5～8. 0、HRT为12 h,试验一共进行了152 d,在进水总氮负荷逐渐增加过程中相应调节曝气量以获得最佳去除效果。结果表明,在该工艺条件下进水总氮负荷为0. 9 kg/(m^3·d)时,TN去除率仍可达88%。当进水总氮负荷继续提高至1 kg/(m^3·d)时,由于进水中的有机物浓度较高以及多种异养好氧菌的繁殖,抑制了亚硝化及厌氧氨氧化过程,致使反应器脱氮效率明显降低,仅为20%左右。

调控温度和沉降时间实现ANAMMOX颗粒快速启动及其稳定运行

基于常温条件下厌氧氨氧化启动时间较长、生物质含量低的问题,实验拟通过温度控制,在SBR反应器中快速启动厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,实现常温低基质条件下稳定运行.结果表明,采取适当升高温度(27℃)再降温的方式,逐渐缩短沉淀时间,能够在常温条件下30 d启动厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,颗粒平均粒径达到430μm以上,氨氮及亚硝氮去除率分别为88%和85%左右,总氮去除率达到75%;在低基质稳定运行阶段,氨氮去除率能够达到86%,亚硝氮去除率能够达到98%,总氮去除率达到85%以上; SVI(以MLSS计)稳定在30 m L·g-1,MLVSS/MLSS大于60%,蛋白质(PN)/多糖(PS)稳定在1. 75左右.采取控制温度的方式无需控制进水中的溶解氧可以实现常温低基质厌氧氨氧化颗粒的启动和稳定运行,通过控制进水总氮负荷能够获得较高总氮去除率.

一级A污水处理厂提标改造可行性分析:以青岛市某污水处理厂为例

采用达标保证率法评价了青岛市某市政污水处理厂出水的GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准达标情况,研究水质提升至GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类、GB 3097-1997《海水水质标准》Ⅱ类的可行性。结果表明:该厂全年进、出水各指标稳定,处理工艺可达到GB 18918-2002一级A设计标准。但经处理后的出水每年仍向接纳海域排放COD 770 t,BOD576 t,SS 209 t,NH3-N 41 t,TN 255 t,TP 54 t,给环境带来较大负担。为了保护环境并考虑出水再生回用,分别以GB 3838-2002Ⅳ类、GB 3097-1997Ⅱ类作为提标改造目标,对6种污染物进行等标污染负荷计算及排序。结果表明:以GB 3838-2002Ⅳ类水质标准评价,TN、SS和NH3-N三者为主要污染物,总污染负荷比为80. 64%。以GB 3097-1997Ⅱ类水质标准评价,则TN、COD和TP为主要污染物,三者总污染负荷比为87. 39%。不论执行何种标准都应重点加强TN的去除。成本分析表明,提标改造成本增加主要为碳源。ρ(TN)从目前出水的9. 37 mg/L,分别下降到1. 5,0. 3 mg/L,单位运行成本提高分别为0. 13,0. 15元/m3。