Mangroves can not only provide multiple ecosystem service functions,but are also efficient carbon producers,capturers,and sinks.The estimation of the organic carbon accumulation rate(OCAR)in mangrove sediments is fund...Mangroves can not only provide multiple ecosystem service functions,but are also efficient carbon producers,capturers,and sinks.The estimation of the organic carbon accumulation rate(OCAR)in mangrove sediments is fundamental for elucidating the role of mangroves in the global carbon budget.In particular,understanding the past changes in the OCAR in mangrove sediments is vital for predicting the future role of mangroves in the rapidly changing environment.In this study,three dated sediment cores from interior and fringe of mangroves in the Yingluo Bay,China,were used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal variations of the calculated OCAR since 1900 in this area.The increasing OCAR in the mangrove interior was attributed to mangrove flourishment induced by climate change characterized by the rising temperature.However,in the mangrove fringe,the strengthening hydrodynamic conditions under the sea level rise were responsible for the decreasing OCAR,particularly after the1940 s.Furthermore,the duration of inundation by seawater was the primary factors controlling the spatial variability of the OCAR from the mangrove fringe to interior,while the strengthened hydrodynamic conditions after the 1940 s broke this original pattern.展开更多
Afforestation is conducive to soil carbon（C） sequestration in semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the effects of afforestation on sequestrations of total and labile soil organic carbon（SOC） fractions...Afforestation is conducive to soil carbon（C） sequestration in semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the effects of afforestation on sequestrations of total and labile soil organic carbon（SOC） fractions in semi-arid sandy lands. In the present study, we examined the effects of Caragana microphylla Lam. plantations with different ages（12-and 25-year-old） on sequestrations of total SOC as well as labile SOC fractions such as light fraction organic carbon（LFOC） and microbial biomass carbon（MBC）. The analyzed samples were taken from soil depths of 0–5 and 5–15 cm under two shrub-related scenarios： under shrubs and between shrubs with moving sand dunes as control sites in the Horqin Sandy Land of northern China. The results showed that the concentrations and storages of total SOC at soil depths of 0–5 and 5–15 cm were higher in 12-and 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations than in moving sand dunes（i.e., control sites）, with the highest value observed under shrubs in 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations. Furthermore, the concentrations and storages of LFOC and MBC showed similar patterns with those of total SOC at the same soil depth. The 12-year-old C. microphylla plantations had higher percentages of LFOC concentration to SOC concentration and MBC concentration to SOC concentration than the 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations and moving sand dunes at both soil depths. A significant positive correlation existed among SOC, LFOC, and MBC, implying that restoring the total and labile SOC fractions is possible by afforestation with C. microphylla shrubs in the Horqin Sandy Land. At soil depth of 0–15 cm, the accumulation rate of total SOC under shrubs was higher in young C. microphylla plantations（18.53 g C/（m^2·a）; 0–12 years） than in old C. microphylla plantations（16.24 g C/（m^2·a）; 12–25 years）, and the accumulation rates of LFOC and MBC under shrubs and between shrubs were also higher in young C. microphylla plantations than in old C. microphylla plantations. It can be concluded that the establishment of C. microphylla in the Horqin Sandy Land may be a good mitigation strategy for SOC sequestration in the surface soils.展开更多
The differences in organic matter abundance and rock composition between shale and mudstone determine the discrepancy of their contributions to the formation of conventional and shale oil/gas reservoirs.The evaluation...The differences in organic matter abundance and rock composition between shale and mudstone determine the discrepancy of their contributions to the formation of conventional and shale oil/gas reservoirs.The evaluation criteria of source rocks are different in the future exploration in self-sourced petroleum systems.Shales are deposited in deep/semi-deep lacustrine,with low sedimentation rate and chemical depositions of various degrees,while mudstones are mostly formed in shallow lacustrine/lakeside,with high deposition rate and density flow characteristics.Three factors contribute to the enrichment of organic matter in shales,including the"fertility effect"caused by volcanic ash deposition and hydrothermal injection,excessive and over-speed growth of organisms promoted by radioactive materials,and deep-water anaerobic environment and low sedimentation rate to protect the accumulation of organic matter from dilution.Lamellations in shales are easy to be stripped into storage space,and acid water produced during hydrocarbon generation can dissolve some particles to generate new pores.The massive mudstones with high clay content are of poor matrix porosity.Shales with high total organic carbon,developed laminations,relatively good reservoir property,and high brittle mineral content,are the most favorable lithofacies for shale oil exploration and development.It is necessary to conduct investigation on the differences between shale and mudstone reservoirs,to identify resources distribution in shale and mudstone formations,determine the type and standard of"sweet-spot"evaluation parameters,optimize"sweet-spot areas/sections",and adopt effective development technologies,which is of great significance to objectively evaluate the total amount and economy of shale oil resources,as well as the scale of effective exploitation.展开更多
池塘等小型水体在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用,是碳排放的热区,但是对池塘碳埋藏速率认识相对匮乏,限制了全面认识池塘在流域碳传输中的功能。为探究池塘沉积物有机碳埋藏速率及其影响因素,选取重庆市北碚区柳荫镇的11个池塘为研究对象,...池塘等小型水体在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用,是碳排放的热区,但是对池塘碳埋藏速率认识相对匮乏,限制了全面认识池塘在流域碳传输中的功能。为探究池塘沉积物有机碳埋藏速率及其影响因素,选取重庆市北碚区柳荫镇的11个池塘为研究对象,于2022年7月对池塘沉积物进行采样,分析了池塘沉积物基本理化性质,估算出池塘沉积物有机碳埋藏量和埋藏速率,并分析了池塘因素和流域因素对池塘沉积物有机碳埋藏速率的影响。结果显示:(1)沉积物总有机碳(TOC,Total Organic Carbon)含量在1.03%—3.51%之间变化,总体呈现随深度增加而逐渐降低的趋势;(2)有机碳埋藏速率均值为194.60 g m^(-2)a^(-1),范围区间为142.76—293.32 g m^(-2)a^(-1),略高于其他池塘的类似研究结果;(3)沉积物TOC含量与总氮(TN,Total Nitrogen)含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与流域中林地面积占比呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与旱地面积占比呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而有机碳埋藏速率与流域内旱地面积占比呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,池塘相对于大型水体储碳能力更强,池塘虽然单位面积小,但数量多,在生态系统的碳收支核算中是一种不可忽视的地理景观单元。展开更多
【目的】提高土壤碳固持,特别是增加有机碳累积、减少碳损失,对于提高旱地土壤肥力、缓解大气温室效应具有重要意义。黄土高原旱地土壤有机碳含量低,增施氮肥是这一地区重要的作物增产措施,但氮肥投入对土壤碳的影响如何,一直没有报道...【目的】提高土壤碳固持,特别是增加有机碳累积、减少碳损失,对于提高旱地土壤肥力、缓解大气温室效应具有重要意义。黄土高原旱地土壤有机碳含量低,增施氮肥是这一地区重要的作物增产措施,但氮肥投入对土壤碳的影响如何,一直没有报道。【方法】利用黄土高原旱地持续23年的长期定位试验,在每年施磷39 kg P2O5·hm-2条件下,设置0、45、90、135、180 kg N·hm-2 5个氮水平种植冬小麦,在小麦收获期采集0—40 cm不同土层的土壤样品,研究长期施用不同用量的氮肥对旱地土壤总碳、有机碳、轻质有机碳及无机碳的影响,分析不同氮肥用量引起的土壤有机碳、轻质有机碳及无机碳累积量的变化,定量分析氮肥用量对旱地土壤不同形态碳的影响。【结果】随氮肥用量增加,旱地土壤不同土层总碳无显著变化,但0—30 cm土层有机碳含量却随之增加,与不施氮肥相比,增幅可达7%—28%;0—40 cm土层轻质有机碳含量也增加,增幅达31%—106%,但施氮量过高不利于有机碳累积。对不同形态土壤碳累积量与氮肥用量的回归分析表明,施氮量120 kg N·hm-2时,0—30 cm土层有机碳累积量达最高值36.6 Mg;施氮量161 kg N·hm-2时,0—40 cm土层轻质有机碳累积量达最高值2.69 Mg;每千克肥料氮每年可使土壤有机碳增加1.34 kg·hm-2,轻质有机碳增加0.31 kg·hm-2;0—20 cm表层土壤轻质有机碳占有机碳的百分比也随施氮量增加而升高。相反,5—20 cm土层土壤无机碳含量却随氮肥用量增加而显著降低,施氮量180 kg N·hm-2时,无机碳累积量比不施氮减少2.8 Mg,每千克肥料氮每年可使无机碳减少0.67 kg·hm-2。【结论】在黄土高原旱地长期施用不同用量的氮肥虽不显著影响土壤的总碳数量,却显著地改变了旱地土壤碳的组成,即通过增加土壤的轻质有机碳,增加了土壤的有机碳累积量,同时降低了土壤的无机碳累积。因此,合理调控氮肥用量,不仅是旱地作物增产的关键措施,对增加土壤有机碳固持、培肥土壤也有重要意义。同时,施用氮肥引起的土壤无机碳损失不容忽视,其潜在的农业、生态与环境效应需引起大众关注。展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41976068 and 41576061。
文摘Mangroves can not only provide multiple ecosystem service functions,but are also efficient carbon producers,capturers,and sinks.The estimation of the organic carbon accumulation rate(OCAR)in mangrove sediments is fundamental for elucidating the role of mangroves in the global carbon budget.In particular,understanding the past changes in the OCAR in mangrove sediments is vital for predicting the future role of mangroves in the rapidly changing environment.In this study,three dated sediment cores from interior and fringe of mangroves in the Yingluo Bay,China,were used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal variations of the calculated OCAR since 1900 in this area.The increasing OCAR in the mangrove interior was attributed to mangrove flourishment induced by climate change characterized by the rising temperature.However,in the mangrove fringe,the strengthening hydrodynamic conditions under the sea level rise were responsible for the decreasing OCAR,particularly after the1940 s.Furthermore,the duration of inundation by seawater was the primary factors controlling the spatial variability of the OCAR from the mangrove fringe to interior,while the strengthened hydrodynamic conditions after the 1940 s broke this original pattern.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31640012, 41271007, 31660232)the One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y551821)+1 种基金the Opening Foundation of the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of DesertificationAeolian Sand Disaster Combating, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute (GSDC201505)
文摘Afforestation is conducive to soil carbon（C） sequestration in semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the effects of afforestation on sequestrations of total and labile soil organic carbon（SOC） fractions in semi-arid sandy lands. In the present study, we examined the effects of Caragana microphylla Lam. plantations with different ages（12-and 25-year-old） on sequestrations of total SOC as well as labile SOC fractions such as light fraction organic carbon（LFOC） and microbial biomass carbon（MBC）. The analyzed samples were taken from soil depths of 0–5 and 5–15 cm under two shrub-related scenarios： under shrubs and between shrubs with moving sand dunes as control sites in the Horqin Sandy Land of northern China. The results showed that the concentrations and storages of total SOC at soil depths of 0–5 and 5–15 cm were higher in 12-and 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations than in moving sand dunes（i.e., control sites）, with the highest value observed under shrubs in 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations. Furthermore, the concentrations and storages of LFOC and MBC showed similar patterns with those of total SOC at the same soil depth. The 12-year-old C. microphylla plantations had higher percentages of LFOC concentration to SOC concentration and MBC concentration to SOC concentration than the 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations and moving sand dunes at both soil depths. A significant positive correlation existed among SOC, LFOC, and MBC, implying that restoring the total and labile SOC fractions is possible by afforestation with C. microphylla shrubs in the Horqin Sandy Land. At soil depth of 0–15 cm, the accumulation rate of total SOC under shrubs was higher in young C. microphylla plantations（18.53 g C/（m^2·a）; 0–12 years） than in old C. microphylla plantations（16.24 g C/（m^2·a）; 12–25 years）, and the accumulation rates of LFOC and MBC under shrubs and between shrubs were also higher in young C. microphylla plantations than in old C. microphylla plantations. It can be concluded that the establishment of C. microphylla in the Horqin Sandy Land may be a good mitigation strategy for SOC sequestration in the surface soils.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05046,2017ZX05001)
文摘The differences in organic matter abundance and rock composition between shale and mudstone determine the discrepancy of their contributions to the formation of conventional and shale oil/gas reservoirs.The evaluation criteria of source rocks are different in the future exploration in self-sourced petroleum systems.Shales are deposited in deep/semi-deep lacustrine,with low sedimentation rate and chemical depositions of various degrees,while mudstones are mostly formed in shallow lacustrine/lakeside,with high deposition rate and density flow characteristics.Three factors contribute to the enrichment of organic matter in shales,including the"fertility effect"caused by volcanic ash deposition and hydrothermal injection,excessive and over-speed growth of organisms promoted by radioactive materials,and deep-water anaerobic environment and low sedimentation rate to protect the accumulation of organic matter from dilution.Lamellations in shales are easy to be stripped into storage space,and acid water produced during hydrocarbon generation can dissolve some particles to generate new pores.The massive mudstones with high clay content are of poor matrix porosity.Shales with high total organic carbon,developed laminations,relatively good reservoir property,and high brittle mineral content,are the most favorable lithofacies for shale oil exploration and development.It is necessary to conduct investigation on the differences between shale and mudstone reservoirs,to identify resources distribution in shale and mudstone formations,determine the type and standard of"sweet-spot"evaluation parameters,optimize"sweet-spot areas/sections",and adopt effective development technologies,which is of great significance to objectively evaluate the total amount and economy of shale oil resources,as well as the scale of effective exploitation.
文摘池塘等小型水体在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用,是碳排放的热区,但是对池塘碳埋藏速率认识相对匮乏,限制了全面认识池塘在流域碳传输中的功能。为探究池塘沉积物有机碳埋藏速率及其影响因素,选取重庆市北碚区柳荫镇的11个池塘为研究对象,于2022年7月对池塘沉积物进行采样,分析了池塘沉积物基本理化性质,估算出池塘沉积物有机碳埋藏量和埋藏速率,并分析了池塘因素和流域因素对池塘沉积物有机碳埋藏速率的影响。结果显示:(1)沉积物总有机碳(TOC,Total Organic Carbon)含量在1.03%—3.51%之间变化,总体呈现随深度增加而逐渐降低的趋势;(2)有机碳埋藏速率均值为194.60 g m^(-2)a^(-1),范围区间为142.76—293.32 g m^(-2)a^(-1),略高于其他池塘的类似研究结果;(3)沉积物TOC含量与总氮(TN,Total Nitrogen)含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与流域中林地面积占比呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与旱地面积占比呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而有机碳埋藏速率与流域内旱地面积占比呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,池塘相对于大型水体储碳能力更强,池塘虽然单位面积小,但数量多,在生态系统的碳收支核算中是一种不可忽视的地理景观单元。
文摘【目的】提高土壤碳固持,特别是增加有机碳累积、减少碳损失,对于提高旱地土壤肥力、缓解大气温室效应具有重要意义。黄土高原旱地土壤有机碳含量低,增施氮肥是这一地区重要的作物增产措施,但氮肥投入对土壤碳的影响如何,一直没有报道。【方法】利用黄土高原旱地持续23年的长期定位试验,在每年施磷39 kg P2O5·hm-2条件下,设置0、45、90、135、180 kg N·hm-2 5个氮水平种植冬小麦,在小麦收获期采集0—40 cm不同土层的土壤样品,研究长期施用不同用量的氮肥对旱地土壤总碳、有机碳、轻质有机碳及无机碳的影响,分析不同氮肥用量引起的土壤有机碳、轻质有机碳及无机碳累积量的变化,定量分析氮肥用量对旱地土壤不同形态碳的影响。【结果】随氮肥用量增加,旱地土壤不同土层总碳无显著变化,但0—30 cm土层有机碳含量却随之增加,与不施氮肥相比,增幅可达7%—28%;0—40 cm土层轻质有机碳含量也增加,增幅达31%—106%,但施氮量过高不利于有机碳累积。对不同形态土壤碳累积量与氮肥用量的回归分析表明,施氮量120 kg N·hm-2时,0—30 cm土层有机碳累积量达最高值36.6 Mg;施氮量161 kg N·hm-2时,0—40 cm土层轻质有机碳累积量达最高值2.69 Mg;每千克肥料氮每年可使土壤有机碳增加1.34 kg·hm-2,轻质有机碳增加0.31 kg·hm-2;0—20 cm表层土壤轻质有机碳占有机碳的百分比也随施氮量增加而升高。相反,5—20 cm土层土壤无机碳含量却随氮肥用量增加而显著降低,施氮量180 kg N·hm-2时,无机碳累积量比不施氮减少2.8 Mg,每千克肥料氮每年可使无机碳减少0.67 kg·hm-2。【结论】在黄土高原旱地长期施用不同用量的氮肥虽不显著影响土壤的总碳数量,却显著地改变了旱地土壤碳的组成,即通过增加土壤的轻质有机碳,增加了土壤的有机碳累积量,同时降低了土壤的无机碳累积。因此,合理调控氮肥用量,不仅是旱地作物增产的关键措施,对增加土壤有机碳固持、培肥土壤也有重要意义。同时,施用氮肥引起的土壤无机碳损失不容忽视,其潜在的农业、生态与环境效应需引起大众关注。
