To understand the retention mechanism of phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke by cellulose acetate(CA)filters,the phenol filtration efficiency,the phenol distribution in the gas phase and particulate phase during filt...To understand the retention mechanism of phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke by cellulose acetate(CA)filters,the phenol filtration efficiency,the phenol distribution in the gas phase and particulate phase during filtration and the retention characteristics of the filter for both the gas phase and particulate phenol species were investigated.The distribution of particulate bound phenol as a function of the particle size was examined.The ratio of phenol transferring from the particulate phase to the gas phase during smoke flowing through the CA filter were studied.Retention mechanisms for phenol in the gas phase as well as particulate phase phenol in the filter and the phase transition of phenol were proposed.Phenol filtration efficiency of the cigarette filter was calculated based on the proposed retention mechanisms and compared with available experimental data.The results showed that:1)Comparing with nicotine and the other particulate bound smoke constituents,CA filter exhibited a certain retention selectivity for phenol.2)Although phenol was mainly bound to the particulate phase of the cigarette mainstream smoke,about 35% of gas phase phenol was found at the tobacco end of the filter,whilst this dropped to approximately 0 at the mouth end of the filter,mostly by selective chemical adsorption.3)The weighted average smoke particle size and particulate phenol was 0.44 and 0.38 pm,respectively.The filtration efficiency of the filter to particulate phenol was near 40%.4)About 19% of particulate bound phenol transferred to gas phase when smoke passing the filter,and was selectively adsorbed.5)The overall filtration efficiency of the CA filter for phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke was 68.7%,with-7.7% variation compared with experimental data.The results demonstrated the phase transition of phenol during the filtration process and the selective retention with varying particle sizes.Our results showed that the application of CA filter in product designs reduces harmful constituents such as phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke.展开更多
Objectives Wound healing in the skin is a multifarious orchestration of cellular processes and cigarette smoking may be a cause for delayed wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the plausible associa...Objectives Wound healing in the skin is a multifarious orchestration of cellular processes and cigarette smoking may be a cause for delayed wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the plausible association between exposures of cigarette total particulate matter （TPM） and wound healing. Methods An in vivo wound healing model of mice was established for determination of assorted events of wound healing, dermal matrix regeneration, re-epithelialization, and neovascularization. A total of 72 adult mice, separated in eight groups, were exposed to TPM for 12 days. Results A highly considerable diminution in wound closure （P〈0.001） was pragmatic among all TPM-treated mice from day 6 to day 8 post-wounding. Histological investigations unveiled a noteworthy impede in the outcome of re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration and maturation of collagen bundles among all TPM-exposed wounds. Delayed commencement of neovascularization was pragmatic among all TPM-treated mice, on day 12 post wounding. Abbot curve, angular spectrum, and other different parameters of 3D surface behavior of wounds revealed a very highly significant reduction （P〈0.001） in angiogenesis on days 6 and 8 post-wounding, which points that application of TPM instigates extensive delay in trigging the progression of angiogenesis, resulting in delayed onset of wound healing. Conclusion Our annotations validate the damaging effects of TPM on wound healing and excessive use of TPM may lead to the production of chronic wounds and oral ulcers.展开更多
[Objective] The deliver amount and deliver rate of heavy metal elements during smoking were studied, which could provide a reference for reducing the damage of cigarette products. [Method] Two pretreatment methodsof m...[Objective] The deliver amount and deliver rate of heavy metal elements during smoking were studied, which could provide a reference for reducing the damage of cigarette products. [Method] Two pretreatment methodsof microwave di- gestion and acid extraction were used to process the ash content, the total particu- late matter of mainstream smoke （TPM） and cigarette filter. Detection results of heavy metal elements were compared by the two methods. [Result] The microwave digestion method was better than acid solution extraction method on analysis of TPM, but presented disadvantages on analysis of ash and filter. Meanwhile, the migration amount and rate were studied and resultsshowed that most heavy metal elements were escaped along with sidestream smoke between 66.89% and 95.48%, and almost all Hg escaped through sidestream smoke. Other heavy metal elements, except Hg, were separately found in ash, TPM and filter. Cr, Ni, As and Se were mostly residual in ash, followed by TPM, and filter had the least, while Cd and Pb were just in the reverse order. Normally, 5% or less heavy metal elements were transferred to TPM, only a small part of which could reach 5%-10%. [Conclusion] Most of the heavy metal elements are taken by sidestream smoke, ash and filter, while the migration amounts to mainstream smoke are extremely low.展开更多
文摘To understand the retention mechanism of phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke by cellulose acetate(CA)filters,the phenol filtration efficiency,the phenol distribution in the gas phase and particulate phase during filtration and the retention characteristics of the filter for both the gas phase and particulate phenol species were investigated.The distribution of particulate bound phenol as a function of the particle size was examined.The ratio of phenol transferring from the particulate phase to the gas phase during smoke flowing through the CA filter were studied.Retention mechanisms for phenol in the gas phase as well as particulate phase phenol in the filter and the phase transition of phenol were proposed.Phenol filtration efficiency of the cigarette filter was calculated based on the proposed retention mechanisms and compared with available experimental data.The results showed that:1)Comparing with nicotine and the other particulate bound smoke constituents,CA filter exhibited a certain retention selectivity for phenol.2)Although phenol was mainly bound to the particulate phase of the cigarette mainstream smoke,about 35% of gas phase phenol was found at the tobacco end of the filter,whilst this dropped to approximately 0 at the mouth end of the filter,mostly by selective chemical adsorption.3)The weighted average smoke particle size and particulate phenol was 0.44 and 0.38 pm,respectively.The filtration efficiency of the filter to particulate phenol was near 40%.4)About 19% of particulate bound phenol transferred to gas phase when smoke passing the filter,and was selectively adsorbed.5)The overall filtration efficiency of the CA filter for phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke was 68.7%,with-7.7% variation compared with experimental data.The results demonstrated the phase transition of phenol during the filtration process and the selective retention with varying particle sizes.Our results showed that the application of CA filter in product designs reduces harmful constituents such as phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke.
基金supported by the grant from Post Doctor Program, Chonbuk National University (2008)
文摘Objectives Wound healing in the skin is a multifarious orchestration of cellular processes and cigarette smoking may be a cause for delayed wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the plausible association between exposures of cigarette total particulate matter （TPM） and wound healing. Methods An in vivo wound healing model of mice was established for determination of assorted events of wound healing, dermal matrix regeneration, re-epithelialization, and neovascularization. A total of 72 adult mice, separated in eight groups, were exposed to TPM for 12 days. Results A highly considerable diminution in wound closure （P〈0.001） was pragmatic among all TPM-treated mice from day 6 to day 8 post-wounding. Histological investigations unveiled a noteworthy impede in the outcome of re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration and maturation of collagen bundles among all TPM-exposed wounds. Delayed commencement of neovascularization was pragmatic among all TPM-treated mice, on day 12 post wounding. Abbot curve, angular spectrum, and other different parameters of 3D surface behavior of wounds revealed a very highly significant reduction （P〈0.001） in angiogenesis on days 6 and 8 post-wounding, which points that application of TPM instigates extensive delay in trigging the progression of angiogenesis, resulting in delayed onset of wound healing. Conclusion Our annotations validate the damaging effects of TPM on wound healing and excessive use of TPM may lead to the production of chronic wounds and oral ulcers.
文摘[Objective] The deliver amount and deliver rate of heavy metal elements during smoking were studied, which could provide a reference for reducing the damage of cigarette products. [Method] Two pretreatment methodsof microwave di- gestion and acid extraction were used to process the ash content, the total particu- late matter of mainstream smoke （TPM） and cigarette filter. Detection results of heavy metal elements were compared by the two methods. [Result] The microwave digestion method was better than acid solution extraction method on analysis of TPM, but presented disadvantages on analysis of ash and filter. Meanwhile, the migration amount and rate were studied and resultsshowed that most heavy metal elements were escaped along with sidestream smoke between 66.89% and 95.48%, and almost all Hg escaped through sidestream smoke. Other heavy metal elements, except Hg, were separately found in ash, TPM and filter. Cr, Ni, As and Se were mostly residual in ash, followed by TPM, and filter had the least, while Cd and Pb were just in the reverse order. Normally, 5% or less heavy metal elements were transferred to TPM, only a small part of which could reach 5%-10%. [Conclusion] Most of the heavy metal elements are taken by sidestream smoke, ash and filter, while the migration amounts to mainstream smoke are extremely low.
