Optimal allocation method of electric/air braking force of high-speed train considering axle load transfer

Reasonable distribution of braking force is a factor for a smooth,safe,and comfortable braking of trains.A dynamic optimal allocation strategy of electric-air braking force is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of the lack of consideration of adhesion difference of train wheelsets in the existing high-speed train electric-air braking force optimal allocation strategies.In this method,the braking strategy gives priority to the use of electric braking force.The force model of a single train in the braking process is analyzed to calculate the change of adhesion between the wheel and rail of each wheelset after axle load transfer,and then the adhesion of the train is estimated in real time.Next,with the goal of maximizing the total adhesion utilization ratio of trailer/motor vehicles,a linear programming distribution function is constructed.The proportional coefficient of adhesion utilization ratio of each train and the application upper limit of braking force in the function is updated according to the change time point of wheelset adhesion.Finally,the braking force is dynamically allocated.The simulation results of Matlab/Simulink show that the proposed algorithm not only uses the different adhesion limits of each trailer to reduce the total amount of braking force undertaken by the motor vehicle,but also considers the adhesion difference of each wheelset.The strategy can effectively reduce the risk and time of motor vehicles during the braking process and improve the stability of the train braking.

Effect of total resource allocation effect and economic growth:Chinese experience of 1978-2004

The analytical method of total resource reallocation effect is an evolution of the analytical method of the factors of economic growth. Since the marketization reform in China in 1978, market mechanism has played a more and more important role in resource allocation, and Chinese economy has developed greatly, which is called "the Chinese Miracle". This paper analyzes the economic growth in China from 1978 to 2004 with the analytical method of total resource reallocation effect. The result shows that the annual growth rate of total resource reallocation effect was 0.2%, which was 5.1% of the comprehensive productivity and 0.21% of the gross output growth, i.e. the total resource allocation played a weak role in the economic growth in China. When analyzing it in Chenery's multinational model, we find that Chinese comprehensive productivity growth rate was higher than that in all the income phases of the model, but the total resource allocation effect was obviously lower than that in all the income phases of the model. It indicates that the total resource allocation in China has a great potential, and that to accelerate marketization reform is one of the important issues for Chinese economic development.

Comparason of Peri-Articular Multimodal Drug Injection with Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block after Total Knee Arthroplasty

Good perioperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty facilitates rehabilitation and may reduce hospital stay. We present the patient analgesic requirements and rehabilitation of a prospective single surgeon series after the introduction of a multimodal drug injection during his total knee arthroplasty. Basic epidemiological data as well as analgesic, antiemetic requirements and time to straight leg raised was collected on 27 consecutive patients (group 1) whom received the multimodal drug injection, consisting of levobupivacaine, ketorolac and adrenaline at the time of their total knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia. Their rehabilitation was compared to a retrospective review of patients who were case matched by age and sex (group 2n = 26), whom had received the unit standard of spinal anaesthetic and a femoral and sciatic block at the time of their operation. Patients in group 1 had significantly lower analgesic and antiemetic requirements than group 2. Group 1 also had a significantly shorter hospital stay. We have demonstrated that periarticular multimodal drug injection can improve perioperative analgesia and mobilisation following total knee arthroplasty as well as reducing opioid requirements and side effects.

Impacts of Total Energy Consumption Control and Energy Quota Allocation on China′s Regional Economy Based on A 30-region Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.

Systematic evaluation of Kang-ai injection combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of ovarian cancer

Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Kang-ai injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer.Methods:the databases of VIP,CNKI,WanFang,CBM,Pub Med,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of Kang-ai injection,combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for the treatment of ovarian cancer.The retrieval time was from the database setup to December 20,2018.After two researchers independently screened the researches,extracted data and evaluated the risk of the included studies,the RevMan 5.3 software was used for analysis.A total of 8 RCTS were included.Results:Results showed that patients in Kang-ai injection combined with chemotherapy group were superior to the conventional chemotherapy group patients in total effective rate[RR=1.31,95%CI(1.11,1.54),P=0.001],quality of life[RR=1.69,95%CI(1.35,2.13),P<0.001],leukopenia[RR=0.63,95%CI(0.51,0.77),P<0.001],nausea and vomiting[RR=0.41,95%CI(0.24,0.70),P=0.001],decreased hemoglobin[RR=0.50,95%CI(0.28,0.88),P=0.002],and thrombocytopenia[RR=0.45,95%CI(0.24,0.85),P=0.01].Conclusion:Kang-ai injection combined with chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is better than chemotherapy alone in improving total effective rate and quality of life,reducing the incidence of adverse reactions.Limited by the number and quality of included studies,the above conclusions are yet to be verified by more high-quality studies.

An Optimal Model of the Total Amount Allocation for Surface Water Pollutants Based on the Principles of Equity and Efficiency

The control of total water pollutant amount is an effective method to improve quality of the groundwater, but how to allocate the total amount is an important and difficult work. In this paper, equity and efficiency were bases of the total amount allocation. Took total amount allocation of the surface water pollutant in a car manufacturing group as an example, the current emissions and unit of output value as the bases for cluster analysis, the target unit was divided into ＂key reduction unit＂ and ＂concern reduction unit＂. Then, allocation scheme of the total amount was prepared. This model for research and improvement of the feasibility for total pollutant amount allocation technique has certain reference value.

Study on Injection-Production System Adjustment of Fault Block Reservoir Based on Equilibrium Displacement

This paper proposed a method of injection-production system adjustment to solve the problem that the water flooding effect was restricted because of the horizontal and vertical contradictions during the development process of fault block reservoirs. Considering the heterogeneity of reservoir, the Buckley-Leverett water flooding theory was applied to establish the relationship between the recovery and cumulative water injection. In order to achieve the goal of vertically balanced recovery of each section, the calculation method of vertical sectional injection allocation was proposed. The planar triangular seepage unit was assumed and sweep coefficients of different oil-water distribution patterns were characterized using multi-flow tube method. In order to balance and maximize the plane sweep coefficient, the calculation method of plane production system optimization was obtained. Then the injection-production system stereoscopic adjustment method based on equilibrium displacement was proposed with vertical sectional injection allocation and plane production system optimization. This method was applied to injection and production adjustment of BZ oilfield in southern Bohai. The effect of water control and oil increase was obvious. This method can greatly improve the effect of water flooding of offshore fault block reservoirs with the adjustment of injection-production system.

The protective effects of Xuebijing injection on intestinal injuries of mice exposed to irradiation

Background:Gastrointestinal(GI)injury is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy.However,there is no ideal therapy method except for symptomatic treatment in the clinic.Xuebijing(XBJ)is a traditional Chinese medicine,used to treat sepsis by injection.In this study,the protective effects of XBJ on radiation-i nduced intestinal injury(RⅢ)and its mechanism were explored.Methods:The effect of XBJ on survival of irradiated C57BL/6 mice was monitored.Histological changes including the number of crypts and the length of villi were evaluated by H&E.The expression of Lgr5^(+)intestinal stem cells(ISCs),Ki67^(+)cells,villin and lysozymes were examined by immunohistochemistry.The expression of cytokines in the intestinal crypt was detected by RT-PCR.DNA damage and apoptosis rates in the small intestine were also evaluated by immunofluorescence.Results:In the present study,XBJ improved the survival rate of the mice after 8.0and 9.0 Gy total body irradiation(TBI).XBJ attenuated structural damage of the small intestine,maintained regenerative ability and promoted proliferation and differentiation of crypt cells,decreased apoptosis rate and reduced DNA damage in the intestine.Elevation of IL-6 and TNF-α was limited,but IL-1,TNF-β and IL-10 levels were increased in XBJ-treated group after irradiation.The expression of Bax and p53 were decreased after XBJ treatment.Conclusions:Taken together,XBJ provides a protective effect on RⅢby inhibiting inflammation and blocking p53-related apoptosis pathway.

Optimal relay allocation strategy based on maximum rate in two-user multi-relay system

Cooperative communication can enhance the performance of wireless networks via relays, and so how to allocate the relay to obtain the optimal performance of system is a key issue. In this article, we consider a cooperative system where two users communicate with the destination via relays, and these relays connect with the destination by cable. Through the theoretical derivation and analysis, we obtain the optimal relay allocation strat- egy based on the maximum rate under the condition of relays setting forwarding thresholds. The result shows that the system has the maximum transmission rate when the relays are allocated equivalently between users. Moreover, compared with the single-user system, the results prove that diversity gain has a decisive effect on the performance in low SNR. However, with the SNR increasing, the impact of diversity gain on system rate will be reduced. In high SNR, spatial freedom degree of the channel of multiple users is brought to enhance the performance instead of diversity gain. Numerical results demonstrate the validity of the allocation strategy and conclusion arrived in this study, but we do not find the similar arguments in the literature so far, for comparison with the conclusion of this study.

Total Maximum Allocated Loads on Stoichiometry of Nitrogen and Identification of Critical Form in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Total pollutant load control management for total dissolved nitrogen(TDN) is an urgent task required to gain a good water quality status in Jiaozhou Bay(JZB), China. In this paper, the stoichiometry of multiform TDN on land-ocean interactions associated with marine biogeochemical reaction(LOIMBR) was studied by modeling the load-response relationship based on a three-dimensional water quality model of nitrogen in JZB. The results showed that the stoichiometry on LOIMBR of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON), NO3-N and NH4-N was 3:1:1, with one-third of the contribution on the concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in JZB for the land-based DON loads to DIN loads. Based on the stoichiometric relationship of nitrogen forms, the total maximum allocated load(TMAL) of equivalent TDN(ETDN) was approximately 5300 t a^-1 in JZB, equivalent to the TMAL of 5700, 5800 and 15600 t a^-1 for NH4-N, NO3-N and DON, respectively. According to the loads of ETDN, there were four outfalls overloaded in JZB in 2015, which lie in the head of the bay. In the four overloaded outfalls, besides NO3-N, NH4-N was the critical nitrogen control form for Moshui River, while DON for Dagu River and Haibo River. The results of numerical experiments further showed that JZB will achieve good water quality after 7 years by implementation of the 'different emission reduction' based on TMAL of ETDN, which is significantly better than 'equal percent removal'.

Using the Simplex Method for a Type of Allocation Problems

In this study we discuss the use of the simplex method to solve allocation problems whose flow matrices are doubly stochastic. Although these problems can be solved via a 0 - 1 integer programming method, H. W. Kuhn [1] suggested the use of linear programming in addition to the Hungarian method. Specifically, we use the existence theorem of the solution along with partially total unimodularity and nonnegativeness of the incidence matrix to prove that the simplex method facilitates solving these problems. We also provide insights as to how a partition including a particular unit may be obtained.

The efficacy and safety of Shuxuening injection combined with western medicine in vascular dementia treatment:a meta-analysis

Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Chinese patent medicine Shuxuening injection combined with western medicine in vascular dementia treatment.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of the Chinese patent medicine Shuxuening injection in vascular dementia treatment is searched in the databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,The Cochrane Library,Embase and Web of Science from the establishment time to December 2020.After screen the literature,extract the data and evaluate the bias risk of studies included;tRevMan5.3 was used for met-analysis.Results:Nine randomized controlled trials including 932 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis included:(1)the total effective rate(RR=1.27,95%CI(1.18,1.36),P<0.00001);(2)MMSE score(MD=4.78,95%CI(1.75,7.80),P=0.002);(3)ADL score(MD=8.87,95%CI(6.70,11.05),P<0.00001);(4)NIHSS score(MD=−6.60,95%CI(−7.04,−6.16).P<0.00001).The results of meta-analysis of the test group are better than those in the control group.Conclusion:The Chinese patent medicine Shuxuening injection combined with conventional western medicine has showed some advantages in the total effective rate,MMSE score,ADL score,NIHSS score than conventional western medicine without more side effects in vascular dementia treatment.More randomized,double-blind,large sample clinical studies are needed to confirm the above conclusions.

Research on Key Technology of Web Vulnerability Detection System Based on Cloud Environment

In the light of the defect of web vulnerability detection system, combined with the characteristics of high efficient and sharing in the cloud environment, a design proposal is presented based on cloud environment, which analyses the key technology of gaining the URL, task allocation and scheduling and the design of attack detection. Experiment shows its feasibility and effectiveness in this paper.

增值税减税能否提高制造业企业全要素生产率?--基于增值税税率下调事件的经验研究

深化税制改革是激发市场主体活力、加快制造业转型、实现经济高质量发展的重要路径。基于2016—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,研究了2018年和2019年增值税税率下调对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,增值税减税提高了制造业企业的全要素生产率。异质性分析结果显示,对于市场竞争地位高、国有产权、处于成熟期以及高市场化地区的企业而言,增值税减税对全要素生产率的提升效应显著。渠道分析表明,研发投入、人力资本投入以及资本配置效率是增值税减税影响企业全要素生产率的主要渠道。因此,政府部门应继续深化增值税改革,缩小制造业与其他行业的税率差异,切实减轻制造业企业税收负担,同时应加大对民营、初创等弱势企业的财政扶持力度,全面提高各类企业的全要素生产率。

技术进步偏向与要素配置对我国林业全要素生产率的影响

技术进步是促进林业全要素生产率增长的重要动力,聚焦林业技术进步偏向、要素配置与全要素生产率之间关系进行研究,为充分发挥林业技术进步的带动力提供量化支持,助力我国林业经济高质量发展。采用2005—2021年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)面板数据,分别构建全样本及四大区域的超越对数生产函数进行实证分析。结果发现:技术进步偏向、要素配置状态是我国林业全要素生产率增长的重要引擎;林业全要素生产率增长存在地区差异,各区域全要素生产率增长率均有所下降,但下降程度不同;技术进步偏向并不总是促进林业全要素生产率增长,四大区域的林业技术进步在多数年份偏向于资本与林地;部分地区的林业全要素投入与要素效率状态未完全相适应,要素配置有待改善;技术进步、技术效率变化存在区域差异。在此基础上,从促进区域间交流合作、调整生产技术进步方向、改善要素配置、提高科技创新能力等方面提出促进我国林业全要素生产率增长的建议。

城市工业源挥发性有机物排放总量分配方法研究

VOCs是近阶段中国大气污染防治的关键污染物,总量控制是行之有效的污染控制手段。此研究基于利税贡献、治理成本、减排潜力、污染贡献建立了城市工业源VOCs总量分配指标体系,基于各指标的内涵与熵权法分析提出分配系数,率定了15个重点行业VOCs治理成本,建立的总量分配技术应用于苏州市。结果显示,到2025年,苏州市化工、装备制造、电子3个行业分配VOCs总量占比最高,分别占13个重点行业总量的17.9%、12.2%、11.2%。此方法综合考虑经济效益与环境污染贡献等因素影响,优化了工业源VOCs总量分配方法,有助于完善总量控制体系和提高污染控制效果。

考虑占用率的大型停车库泊位动态分配模型

为提高驾驶员泊车效率,本文考虑不同停车库占用率下的停车库运营者及驾驶员泊位分配需求,构建大型停车库泊位分配模型。本文引入停车库占用率将停车库空满等级划分为空闲泊位充裕时段、空闲泊位适中时段、空闲泊位紧缺时段,综合考虑停车库运营者运营管理需求与驾驶员快速寻泊需求,以寻位行驶时间、离开停车库行驶时间为参数构建运营管理时间效用函数,以寻位行驶时间、停车入位耗时、步行时间为参数构建驾驶员泊车耗时效用函数;将运营管理时间效用与驾驶员泊车耗时效用加权统一为总时间效用,以总时间效用最大化为目标,建立兼顾停车库运营者及驾驶员泊位分配需求的泊位分配模型;引入泊位利用率、停车总耗时量化模型性能。以西安市某大型商业停车库为例,选取9:00、11:30、13:00表征空闲泊位充裕、空闲泊位适中、空闲泊位紧缺时段进行泊位分配。不同停车库空满等级下,停车库内空闲泊位的总时间效用与停车总耗时均呈负显著相关,其中,空闲泊位充裕时段,停车库内空闲泊位的总时间效用与停车总耗时的相关性最弱,相关系数为-0.461;空闲泊位紧缺时段,停车库内空闲泊位的总时间效用与泊位利用率呈正显著相关,相关系数为0.710。研究表明本模型可在优选停车总耗时较小泊位的基础上,为停车高峰时段预留利用率较高的泊位,提高空闲泊位紧缺时段的泊车效率及驾驶员的泊车满意度。

多主体外部监管合力可以助力企业提升全要素生产率吗?——基于多源监管大数据的视角

基于沪深A股上市公司2017—2022年数据,借助深度学习和大数据分析技术综合描述多主体外部监管大数据,验证外部监管合力对企业全要素生产率的驱动作用及具体驱动路径。研究发现,外部监管合力具有“信息效应”和“治理效应”,通过提高会计信息披露质量、降低双重代理成本、提升技术创新水平、优化资本配置效率,进而提升全要素生产率,助力企业打造新质生产力。进一步研究发现,由于企业成长性和外部制度环境不同,外部监管合力的监管驱动效应存在差异。研究丰富了多主体外部监管合力共促企业高质量发展的理论分析,为进一步推进企业加快形成新质生产力提供了政策参考依据。

三路径激素联合应用治疗全聋型突发性聋的疗效分析

目的 观察三路径激素联合应用治疗全聋型突发性聋的疗效。方法 选择2020年1月至2022年12月全聋型突发性聋患者96例,随机分为观察组与对照组,对照组予地塞米松静脉滴注及常规治疗。观察组在此基础上加用鼓室和耳后地塞米松注射,共治疗10 d。结果 对照组患者听力改善22例,有效率45.83%,观察组改善30例,有效率62.50%。治疗前对照组与观察组纯音听阈均值分别为(95.3±13.2)d B HL和(96.1±13.1)d B HL,治疗后分别为(63.2±17.1)d B HL和(52.8±16.8)d B HL,观察组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组耳鸣、眩晕、耳闷等症状改善率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 早期三路径激素治疗全聋型突发性聋可有效提高听力恢复,值得临床推广。

数字化转型、资源配置效率与企业内共同富裕

共同富裕是我国实现高质量发展的必然要求。基于我国2010—2022年A股上市公司样本,研究数字化转型对企业内共同富裕的影响。研究发现:(1)企业的数字转型能显著提升劳动收入份额和扩大内部薪酬差距;(2)数字化转型通过激励企业创新和提高企业全要素生产率,提升企业劳动收入份额,并扩大企业内部薪酬差距;(3)资本配置效率负向调节数字化转型—劳动收入份额关系,正向调节数字化转型—内部薪酬差距关系;劳动配置效率正向调节数字化转型—劳动收入份额关系,负向调节数字化转型—内部薪酬差距关系;(4)数字化转型过程中,相比于国有企业、西部地区企业、中低技术企业和服务业,非国有企业、东部与中部地区企业、高技术企业和制造业企业劳动收入份额的提升更明显;而国有企业、西部地区企业和高技术企业的内部薪酬差距明显扩大。研究厘清数字化转型对企业劳动收入份额和内部薪酬差距的影响,为企业促进共同富裕提供一定的政策启示。鉴于此,建议企业应抓住数字经济的时代机遇,积极引入并应用前沿的数字技术,优化投资决策,实现资本的有效配置与增值,关注企业内部收入分配格局的合理性,完善其薪酬制度,加强对管理层的监督与制约机制建设;政府应提供一系列有力支持与保障,加强对市场竞争、营商环境的监督管理。