Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-synthesized RNA, a nongenetic code-based RNA is suitable for unraveling the structural constraints imposed on the regulation (transcription, translation, siRNA etc.) of metabolism by gene...Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-synthesized RNA, a nongenetic code-based RNA is suitable for unraveling the structural constraints imposed on the regulation (transcription, translation, siRNA etc.) of metabolism by genetic code. GDH-synthesized RNAs have been induced in whole plants to knock out target mRNA populations thereby producing plant phenotypes that are allergen-free;enriched in fatty acids, essential amino acids, shikimic acid, resveratrol etc. Methods applied hereunder for investigating the structural properties of GDH-synthesized RNA included purification of GDH isoenzymes, synthesis of RNA by the isoenzymes, reverse transcription of the RNA to cDNA, sequencing of the cDNA, computation of the G+C-contents, profiling the stability through PCR amplification compared with genetic code-based DNA;and biochemical characterization of the RNAs synthesized by individual hexameric isoenzymes of GDH. Single product bands resulted from the PCR amplification of the cDNAs of GDH-synthesized RNA, whereas several bands resulted from the amplification of genetic code-based DNA. The cDNAs have wide G+C-contents (35% to 59%), whereas genetic code-based DNA has narrower G+C-contents (50% to 60%). The GDH β6 homo-hexameric isoenzyme synthesized the A+U-rich RNAs, whereas the a6, and α6 homo-hexameric isoenzymes synthesized the G+C-rich RNAs. Therefore, the RNA synthesized by GDH is different from genetic code-based RNAs. In vitro chemical reactions revealed that GDH-synthesized RNA degraded total RNA to lower molecular weight products. Therefore, GDH-synthesized RNA is RNA enzyme. Dismantling of the structural constraints imposed on RNA by genetic code liberated RNA to become an enzyme with specificity to degrade unwanted transcripts. The RNA enzyme activity of GDH-synthesized RNA is ubiquitous in cells;it is readily induced by treatment of plants with mineral nutrients etc. and may simplify experimental approaches in plant enzymology and molecular biology research projects.展开更多
文摘Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-synthesized RNA, a nongenetic code-based RNA is suitable for unraveling the structural constraints imposed on the regulation (transcription, translation, siRNA etc.) of metabolism by genetic code. GDH-synthesized RNAs have been induced in whole plants to knock out target mRNA populations thereby producing plant phenotypes that are allergen-free;enriched in fatty acids, essential amino acids, shikimic acid, resveratrol etc. Methods applied hereunder for investigating the structural properties of GDH-synthesized RNA included purification of GDH isoenzymes, synthesis of RNA by the isoenzymes, reverse transcription of the RNA to cDNA, sequencing of the cDNA, computation of the G+C-contents, profiling the stability through PCR amplification compared with genetic code-based DNA;and biochemical characterization of the RNAs synthesized by individual hexameric isoenzymes of GDH. Single product bands resulted from the PCR amplification of the cDNAs of GDH-synthesized RNA, whereas several bands resulted from the amplification of genetic code-based DNA. The cDNAs have wide G+C-contents (35% to 59%), whereas genetic code-based DNA has narrower G+C-contents (50% to 60%). The GDH β6 homo-hexameric isoenzyme synthesized the A+U-rich RNAs, whereas the a6, and α6 homo-hexameric isoenzymes synthesized the G+C-rich RNAs. Therefore, the RNA synthesized by GDH is different from genetic code-based RNAs. In vitro chemical reactions revealed that GDH-synthesized RNA degraded total RNA to lower molecular weight products. Therefore, GDH-synthesized RNA is RNA enzyme. Dismantling of the structural constraints imposed on RNA by genetic code liberated RNA to become an enzyme with specificity to degrade unwanted transcripts. The RNA enzyme activity of GDH-synthesized RNA is ubiquitous in cells;it is readily induced by treatment of plants with mineral nutrients etc. and may simplify experimental approaches in plant enzymology and molecular biology research projects.
文摘目的基于高帧率剪切波(high frame rate sound touch elastography,HiFR STE)评价血液透析患者冈上肌腱的力学性能。方法选取汕头大学医学院第一附属医院规律血液透析的患者46例和健康志愿者23例。通过透析龄中位数(74.5个月)将血液透析患者分为透析龄较短组[49.00(14.00,69.00)]和透析龄较长组[91.00(78.00,122.00)]。使用迈瑞Resona R9 Pro超声诊断仪及L15-3Wu线阵探头进行二维超声和HiFR STE成像,测量并比较不同透析龄的血液透析患者和健康对照组的冈上肌腱厚度及杨氏模量平均值(the mean of Young s modulus,Emean)的差异,并观察各组间肩关节的骨质破坏、滑膜增厚及关节积液常规声像特征。结果健康对照组、透析龄较短组及透析龄较长组的冈上肌腱厚度和Emean值在3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),冈上肌腱厚度分别为(5.73±0.70)mm、(6.57±0.93)mm和(6.80±0.84)mm,两两比较结果显示不同透析龄的血液透析患者冈上肌腱厚度均高于对照组(P<0.05);HiFR STE测得3组的冈上肌腱Emean值分别为(61.27±21.64)kPa、(42.56±25.30)kPa和(31.13±17.40)kPa,两两比较结果显示不同透析龄的血液透析患者冈上肌腱Emean值均低于对照组(P<0.05);骨侵蚀率及滑膜增厚率在3组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血液透析患者的冈上肌腱增厚及出现力学性能下降。基于HiFR STE技术测得的Emean对血液透析患者冈上肌腱的力学性能进行定量评估,可为临床筛选肩袖撕裂的潜在风险人群提供客观依据。
