Tourette syndrome is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects the physical and mental health of children.Early detection,diagnosis,and treatment are crucial to prevent serious impacts on the affected children,t...Tourette syndrome is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects the physical and mental health of children.Early detection,diagnosis,and treatment are crucial to prevent serious impacts on the affected children,their families,and society.In recent years,there has been an increasing trend towards using a combination of methods in the clinical treatment of children with Tourette syndrome.This approach has achieved remarkable results,leading to a reduction in the rate of Tourette syndrome symptoms in children.In recent years,a combination of clinical methods has been used to treat children with Tourette syndrome,resulting in significant improvement in control rates.This article reviews the etiology of infantile Tourette syndrome and the progress made in Chinese and Western medicine treatments,providing a reference for further treatment of the condition.展开更多
Tourette＇s syndrome is treated by behavioral or pharmacological therapy.However,patients with malignant Tourette＇s syndrome also exhibit life-threatening symptoms,which are unresponsive to conservative treatments or...Tourette＇s syndrome is treated by behavioral or pharmacological therapy.However,patients with malignant Tourette＇s syndrome also exhibit life-threatening symptoms,which are unresponsive to conservative treatments or neurosurgical procedures,such as deep brain stimulation.In recent years,mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）have shown therapeutic potential in many neurological diseases.Therefore,the present study proposed to use MSC transplantation as a novel therapy for Tourette＇s syndrome.Stereotypic behaviors in Tourette＇s syndrome rats decreased significantly at21 days after human MSCs transplantation into the striatum.Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed survival of transplanted human MSCs and differentiation into neurons and astrocytes in the rat brain.Results suggest that intrastriatal transplantation of human MSCs could provide therapeutic potential for Tourette＇s syndrome.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity di...BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and self-injurious behavior.TS might progress to treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome(TRTS)in some patients.However,there is no confirmed evidence in pediatric patients with TRTS.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of TRTS in a Chinese pediatric sample.METHODS A total of 126 pediatric patients aged 6-12 years with TS were identified,including 64 TRTS and 62 non-TRTS patients.The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS),Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS),and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to assess these two groups and compared the difference between the TRTS and non-TRTS patients.RESULTS When compared with the non-TRTS group,we found that the age of onset for TRTS was younger(P<0.001),and the duration of illness was longer(P<0.001).TRTS was more often caused by psychosocial(P<0.001)than physiological factors,and coprolalia and inappropriate parenting style were more often present in the TRTS group(P<0.001).The TRTS group showed a higher level of premonitory urge(P<0.001),a lower intelligence quotient(IQ)(P<0.001),and a higher percentage of family history of TS.The TRTS patients demonstrated more problems(P<0.01)in the“Uncommunicative”,“Obsessive-Compulsive”,“Social-Withdrawal”,“Hyperactive”,“Aggressive”,and“Delinquent”subscales in the boys group,and“Social-Withdrawal”(P=0.02)subscale in the girls group.CONCLUSION Pediatric TRTS might show an earlier age of onset age,longer duration of illness,lower IQ,higher premonitory urge,and higher comorbidities with ADHD-related symptoms and OCD-related symptoms.We need to pay more attention to the social communication deficits of TRTS.展开更多
Tourette syndrome(TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple chronic motor and vocal tics beginning in childhood. Several studies describe the association between TS and attention deficit hyperacti...Tourette syndrome(TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple chronic motor and vocal tics beginning in childhood. Several studies describe the association between TS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Fifty percent of children diagnosed with ADHD have comorbid tic disorder. ADHD related symptoms have been reported in 35% to 90% of children with TS. Since ADHD is the most prevalent comorbid condition with TS and those with concomitant TS and ADHD present with considerable psychosocial and behavioral impairments, it is essential for clinicians to be familiar with these diagnoses and their management. This paper highlights the association between treating ADHD with stimulants and the development of tic disorders. The two cases discussed underscore the fact that children with TS may present with ADHD symptomatology prior to the appearance of any TS related symptoms. Appropriate management of TS in a patient diagnosed with ADHD can lead to quality of life improvements and a reduction in psychosocial impairments.展开更多
The published literature on the prevalence of pregnancy risk markers in patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) was reviewed. PubMed was searched for papers describing studies of pregnancy risk markers in TS. All years a...The published literature on the prevalence of pregnancy risk markers in patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) was reviewed. PubMed was searched for papers describing studies of pregnancy risk markers in TS. All years and languages were searched, and the reference sections of each paper were also reviewed for additional citations. We identified 20 studies reporting on pregnancy risk markers in 1588 subjects with TS. Six studies used comparison populations and two utilized twins for comparisons. Three risk markers (decreased birth weight, father’s age, and number of prior terminations of pregnancy) were identified as possible risk markers for TS. To date, no pregnancy risk marker has been demonstrated to increase risk for development of TS, to increase syndromal severity, rates of comorbidity, or to increase duration of TS.展开更多
As a kind of psychoneurotic disease, the incidence of Tourette syndrome (TS) is increasing graduaLy in recent years. Modern medicine for the pathogenesis of this disease has not been cteary in the treatment is mainty ...As a kind of psychoneurotic disease, the incidence of Tourette syndrome (TS) is increasing graduaLy in recent years. Modern medicine for the pathogenesis of this disease has not been cteary in the treatment is mainty symptomatic treatment. Based on syndrome differentiation and treatment traditional medicine treats the unique system of etiotogy and pathogenesis of the disease, and achieves remarkable results in treatment. Chinese medicine treatment of children's diseases generaLy from the viscera diatecticaL In this paper, we summarize the ctinicat experience of the treatment of pediatric TS by syndrome differentiation of viscera in order to provide reference for the ctinicat treatment and research of pediatric TS.展开更多
目的探究轴突蛋白1(neurexin 1,NRXN1)基因在Tourette综合征(Tourette syndrome,TS)患儿中的突变特点。方法纳入524例TS患儿,采集外周血提取DNA,进行NRXN1基因全部外显子靶向测序(target region sequencing)后进行Sanger测序验证,应用DN...目的探究轴突蛋白1(neurexin 1,NRXN1)基因在Tourette综合征(Tourette syndrome,TS)患儿中的突变特点。方法纳入524例TS患儿,采集外周血提取DNA,进行NRXN1基因全部外显子靶向测序(target region sequencing)后进行Sanger测序验证,应用DNAMAN软件、SIFT、PolyPhen2、Mutation Taster、FATHMM和ClinPred对可疑变体的危害性进行生物信息学分析,最后对携带NRXN1基因变体的患儿进行基因型及表型分析。结果13例TS患者携带13个NRXN1基因变体,包括11个点突变及2个缺失突变。其中2个点突变,c.79G>T(p.A27S)和c.58G>T(p.G20C),为新发现的变体,其他9个点突变及2个缺失突变包括c.3523A>G(p.I1175V)、c.4180A>T(p.T1394S)、c.1697A>T(p.H566L)、c.3715G>A(p.A1239T)、c.878A>C(p.N293T)、c.475C>T(p.P159S)、c.320C>T(p.T107M)、c.365A>G(p.Q122R)、c.611T>A(p.L204Q)、c.68_79del(p.G23_G26del)、c.65_79del(p.G22_G26del)。生物信息学分析表明c.58G>T、c.1697A>T、c.475C>T、c.365A>G、c.878A>C、c.79G>T等6种基因变体的危害性可能相对较高。13例患儿中有6例采集到临床表现的信息,该6例患儿有不同部位的抽动,1例伴随强迫症状,1例出现情绪不稳,3例表现易激惹,6例患儿未出现重复语言、注意缺陷、多动障碍、睡眠障碍及抑郁症状的表现。结论TS患儿中检测到NRXN1基因突变位点,拓展了NRXN1突变谱。携带不同基因变体的患儿临床表现不相同,基因型及表型之间的关系需要进一步探索。展开更多
Studies have shown that the natural flavonoid luteolin has neurotrophic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Ts65 Dn mice, which are frequently used as a m...Studies have shown that the natural flavonoid luteolin has neurotrophic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Ts65 Dn mice, which are frequently used as a model of Down syndrome, were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg luteolin for 4 consecutive weeks starting at 12 weeks of age. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory abilities, and the novel object recognition test was used to assess recognition memory. Immunohistochemistry was performed for the neural stem cell marker nestin, the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, the immature neuron marker DCX, the mature neuron marker NeuN, and the cell proliferation marker Ki67 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Nissl staining was used to observe changes in morphology and to quantify cells in the dentate gyrus. Western blot assay was used to analyze the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(p-ERK1/2) in the hippocampus. Luteolin improved learning and memory abilities as well as novel object recognition ability, and enhanced the proliferation of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Furthermore, luteolin increased expression of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein, increased the number of DCX^+ neurons in the granular layer and NeuN^+ neurons in the subgranular region of the dentate gyrus, and increased the protein levels of BDNF and p-ERK1/2 in the hippocampus. Our findings show that luteolin improves behavioral performance and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in Ts65 Dn mice. Moreover, these effects might be associated with the activation of the BDNF/ERK1/2 pathway.展开更多
基金Shaanxi Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Accounting Items-Key Items(2023-GHZD-41)Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Students New Ability Proposal Item(CXSJ202332)。
文摘Tourette syndrome is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects the physical and mental health of children.Early detection,diagnosis,and treatment are crucial to prevent serious impacts on the affected children,their families,and society.In recent years,there has been an increasing trend towards using a combination of methods in the clinical treatment of children with Tourette syndrome.This approach has achieved remarkable results,leading to a reduction in the rate of Tourette syndrome symptoms in children.In recent years,a combination of clinical methods has been used to treat children with Tourette syndrome,resulting in significant improvement in control rates.This article reviews the etiology of infantile Tourette syndrome and the progress made in Chinese and Western medicine treatments,providing a reference for further treatment of the condition.
文摘Tourette＇s syndrome is treated by behavioral or pharmacological therapy.However,patients with malignant Tourette＇s syndrome also exhibit life-threatening symptoms,which are unresponsive to conservative treatments or neurosurgical procedures,such as deep brain stimulation.In recent years,mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）have shown therapeutic potential in many neurological diseases.Therefore,the present study proposed to use MSC transplantation as a novel therapy for Tourette＇s syndrome.Stereotypic behaviors in Tourette＇s syndrome rats decreased significantly at21 days after human MSCs transplantation into the striatum.Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed survival of transplanted human MSCs and differentiation into neurons and astrocytes in the rat brain.Results suggest that intrastriatal transplantation of human MSCs could provide therapeutic potential for Tourette＇s syndrome.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),No.82171538the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7212035.
文摘BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and self-injurious behavior.TS might progress to treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome(TRTS)in some patients.However,there is no confirmed evidence in pediatric patients with TRTS.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of TRTS in a Chinese pediatric sample.METHODS A total of 126 pediatric patients aged 6-12 years with TS were identified,including 64 TRTS and 62 non-TRTS patients.The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS),Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS),and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to assess these two groups and compared the difference between the TRTS and non-TRTS patients.RESULTS When compared with the non-TRTS group,we found that the age of onset for TRTS was younger(P<0.001),and the duration of illness was longer(P<0.001).TRTS was more often caused by psychosocial(P<0.001)than physiological factors,and coprolalia and inappropriate parenting style were more often present in the TRTS group(P<0.001).The TRTS group showed a higher level of premonitory urge(P<0.001),a lower intelligence quotient(IQ)(P<0.001),and a higher percentage of family history of TS.The TRTS patients demonstrated more problems(P<0.01)in the“Uncommunicative”,“Obsessive-Compulsive”,“Social-Withdrawal”,“Hyperactive”,“Aggressive”,and“Delinquent”subscales in the boys group,and“Social-Withdrawal”(P=0.02)subscale in the girls group.CONCLUSION Pediatric TRTS might show an earlier age of onset age,longer duration of illness,lower IQ,higher premonitory urge,and higher comorbidities with ADHD-related symptoms and OCD-related symptoms.We need to pay more attention to the social communication deficits of TRTS.
文摘Tourette syndrome(TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple chronic motor and vocal tics beginning in childhood. Several studies describe the association between TS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Fifty percent of children diagnosed with ADHD have comorbid tic disorder. ADHD related symptoms have been reported in 35% to 90% of children with TS. Since ADHD is the most prevalent comorbid condition with TS and those with concomitant TS and ADHD present with considerable psychosocial and behavioral impairments, it is essential for clinicians to be familiar with these diagnoses and their management. This paper highlights the association between treating ADHD with stimulants and the development of tic disorders. The two cases discussed underscore the fact that children with TS may present with ADHD symptomatology prior to the appearance of any TS related symptoms. Appropriate management of TS in a patient diagnosed with ADHD can lead to quality of life improvements and a reduction in psychosocial impairments.
文摘The published literature on the prevalence of pregnancy risk markers in patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) was reviewed. PubMed was searched for papers describing studies of pregnancy risk markers in TS. All years and languages were searched, and the reference sections of each paper were also reviewed for additional citations. We identified 20 studies reporting on pregnancy risk markers in 1588 subjects with TS. Six studies used comparison populations and two utilized twins for comparisons. Three risk markers (decreased birth weight, father’s age, and number of prior terminations of pregnancy) were identified as possible risk markers for TS. To date, no pregnancy risk marker has been demonstrated to increase risk for development of TS, to increase syndromal severity, rates of comorbidity, or to increase duration of TS.
文摘As a kind of psychoneurotic disease, the incidence of Tourette syndrome (TS) is increasing graduaLy in recent years. Modern medicine for the pathogenesis of this disease has not been cteary in the treatment is mainty symptomatic treatment. Based on syndrome differentiation and treatment traditional medicine treats the unique system of etiotogy and pathogenesis of the disease, and achieves remarkable results in treatment. Chinese medicine treatment of children's diseases generaLy from the viscera diatecticaL In this paper, we summarize the ctinicat experience of the treatment of pediatric TS by syndrome differentiation of viscera in order to provide reference for the ctinicat treatment and research of pediatric TS.
基金supported by the Project Funding for the Training of High Level Health Professionals in Changzhou of China,No.2016CZLJ013(to BY)Science and Technology Support Project of Changzhou of China,No.Social Development CE20175021(to BY)Application Basic Research Project of Changzhou of China,No.CJ20160036(to WBZ)
文摘Studies have shown that the natural flavonoid luteolin has neurotrophic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Ts65 Dn mice, which are frequently used as a model of Down syndrome, were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg luteolin for 4 consecutive weeks starting at 12 weeks of age. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory abilities, and the novel object recognition test was used to assess recognition memory. Immunohistochemistry was performed for the neural stem cell marker nestin, the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, the immature neuron marker DCX, the mature neuron marker NeuN, and the cell proliferation marker Ki67 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Nissl staining was used to observe changes in morphology and to quantify cells in the dentate gyrus. Western blot assay was used to analyze the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(p-ERK1/2) in the hippocampus. Luteolin improved learning and memory abilities as well as novel object recognition ability, and enhanced the proliferation of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Furthermore, luteolin increased expression of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein, increased the number of DCX^+ neurons in the granular layer and NeuN^+ neurons in the subgranular region of the dentate gyrus, and increased the protein levels of BDNF and p-ERK1/2 in the hippocampus. Our findings show that luteolin improves behavioral performance and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in Ts65 Dn mice. Moreover, these effects might be associated with the activation of the BDNF/ERK1/2 pathway.
