Evaluation of tourism climate comfort in the Grand Shangri-La region

The Grand Shangri-La(GSL) region has strong international tourist appeal. GSL has considerable international eco-tourist potential as well as being attractive for leisure, vacation, health, explorative, and scientific research activities in addition to high-end tourism experiences. These factors could promote the development of its regional tourism. GSL has been identified as a key area for tourism development in China. In this study, we investigated tourism climate conditions in GSL from 1980 to 2016 using a tourism climate index(TCI). We found that through global warming, the number of annual and monthly good-weather days, as assessed with the TCI, showed an increase over most of GSL;that trend was especially true for very good, excellent, and ideal days. The optimal travel period was May–October. We obtained the same result using cluster heat maps, in which we categorized 31 studied meteorological stations into eight types. However, heavy rainfall tended to occur during that optimal period, and it was concentrated at certain times. The annual total number of comfortable days greater than 300 was mainly located in southern GSL. We observed significant correlations between monthly and annual excellent and ideal days with latitude and elevation;in particular, we identified a significant nonlinear correlation between excellent(and ideal) days and elevation.

Analysis on Human Comfort of Tourism Climate in Binzhou City

According to meteorological data at Binzhou Meteorological Station during 1981 -2010, basic climate characteristics of meteorological factors （such as temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity, etc. ） related to human comfort are analyzed, and temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of human comfort in Binzhou City are studied. Then, human comfort of tourism in Binzhou City is evaluated. The impacts of each meteorological factor on comfort in different seasons and change tendency of comfort are discussed, and the optimal tourism time in Binzhou City is analyzed.

Temporal Characteristics of Tourism Climate Comfort in Kangding City in Recent 60 Years

Based on the climate observation data of Kangding City in recent 60 years,the changing trends of temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index in Kangding City are analyzed.The results show that the annual average temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index of Kangding in recent 60 years showed an upward trend,which is consistent with global warming climate.Temperature and humidity index tended to change from the cold grade to the relatively cold and cool grades,and wind efficiency index changed from the slightly cold wind grade to the cool wind grade.Seen from temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index,the climate was comfortable and relatively comfortable from May to September,which will become an important climatic reference to attract tourists.

Analysis of Eco-Tourism Climate Resources in Xingwen, China Based on the Comfort Index and the Negative Air (Oxygen) Ion

The present work investigates an analysis of Eco-Tourism Climate Resources in Xingwen, China based on the Comfort Index and Negative Air (Oxygen) Ion (“NAI” for short in this article) concentration. The daily temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine hours, and relative humidity data of the Xingwen National Meteorological Station from 1999 to 2018, as well as the NAI data of Feiwu Cave station and Shoushan Lake station in Xingwen of 2018 were used in this study. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of basic meteorological elements, the index of climate comfort of human living environment and the NAI variation in Xingwen, the eco-tourism climate resources in this area were evaluated comprehensively. The results show that: The climate is mild, the precipitation is abundant and the seasonal variation trend of precipitation and heat is similar in the study area. The annual average temperature of this area is 17.8°C, the annual average precipitation is 1096 mm, the annual average precipitation days are 186 days, the annual average relative humidity is 81%, the annual average wind speed is 1.3 m/s, and the annual average sunshine hours are 999 h. The living environment comfort level reaches the “comfort” level for 6 months per year. In addition, the concentration of NAI in Xingwen remains at the highest level 7 throughout the year, and the rate of good air quality is extremely high. Overall, the study area has high-quality ecological climate resources that are conducive to the development of forest recuperation, leisure and vacation and other ecological tourism activities.

省级避暑旅游目的地评价指标体系的构建研究

依据避暑旅游目的地内涵和特点,从避暑气候禀赋、气候不利条件、生态环境、旅游基础和发展潜力4个维度构建了省级避暑旅游目的地评价指标体系。利用1991—2020年夏季(6—8月)中国黄河下游以南地区气象观测站点资料,基于该指标体系评价了14个省(区、市)发展避暑旅游目的地的潜在优势地区。避暑气候禀赋优良是避暑旅游目的地的首要条件,避暑气候禀赋采用气温、风、湿度、降水、人体舒适度和度假气候指数等要素。气候不利条件影响低是避暑旅游顺利开展的保障。采用高温、强降水、大风和强对流等影响夏季避暑旅游的高影响天气反映气候不利条件。空气质量、水质和植被状况反映避暑旅游目的地生态环境,旅游资源丰富度、交通便利性、地方荣誉、未来规划等要素反映避暑旅游目的地的基础能力和发展潜力。结果表明:14个省(区、市)的避暑气候禀赋和气候不利条件的指标阈值受气候系统和地形等因素影响存在空间差异。潜在避暑旅游目的地站点数占总站数的比例为10.5%,主要分布在本省(区、市)海拔相对较高地区,而海拔高度普遍较低的江苏和山东,则主要分布在江苏东北部沿海地区和山东半岛东部。研究成果可为省(区、市)为单元开展避暑旅游目的地的客观评价以及发展策略提供科学参考。

云南大理避暑旅游气候适宜性分析

基于大理国家气候观象台1991—2020年及其它监测数据,依据避暑旅游气候环境指标体系规则,对大理避暑旅游气候环境指标进行了计算和判识.结果表明:大理夏季温度凉爽宜人,避暑气候条件“优良率”为92.9%,气候禀赋好;大理夏季气候舒适性“优良率”达88.2%,人体舒适度、度假指数、旅游指数舒适日占比分别为99.9%、82.1%、82.5%,气候舒适性高;空气质量“优”级、臭氧超标日数为0,水环境优良率达100%,生态环境优良;夏季气候风险总体偏低,气候不利条件“中低影响率”为80%.大理强对流天气潜在风险高,重大气象灾害发生概率低;夏季气候是云南滇西北横断山区及中国西南高原山地区域山岳型避暑旅游目的地的典型代表和集中体现,避暑旅游气候条件极佳.

河北省数字化引领文化旅游产业应用场景实践与创新

河北省是华夏文明的发源地之一,拥有历史悠久和丰富多样的文化旅游资源。为了传承优秀的传统文化并实现河北省旅游产业的持续发展,数字化与文化旅游产业的融合成为新的方向和动力。在总结河北省文化旅游资源的主要类型、分布和数量情况的基础上,发现了一些发展问题和困境,如数字化技术水平有限、项目无法真正落地、数字技术与人文服务关系失衡以及区域内景点之间缺乏衔接并存在严重同质化现象等。同时,结合场景理论,提出数字文旅产业应用场景开发的必要性,构建以数字文旅感知舒适物为核心,以文化资源与文化场景为软支撑,以5G新基建+区域数据库、数据系统为硬支撑,以数字文旅项目日常运营与反馈为助推器的河北省区域内数字文旅应用场景发展模型。最后应用场景理论,从深挖多元数字文化感知舒适物组合,搭建元宇宙文化旅游场景,建设区域统一数据库及数据系统,设计优质IP及反馈评价系统等四大方面提出河北省数字化文化旅游产业应用场景的实践与创新策略。

中国主要城市气候舒适度时空特征

人居气候舒适性是评判城市环境宜居水平的重要因素之一。利用1991-2020年中国31个主要城市的每日气象要素资料,采用室外天气舒适指数(OWCI)模型,分析了中国主要城市人居气候舒适性总体水平、舒适度年内变化类型、冬夏两季的空间差异,并剖析了城市的夏季炎热特征及其变化趋势。结果表明,中国大多数城市年平均气候舒适度高于舒适等级水平,但空间差异明显,31个主要城市一年中舒适天气累计日数均超过半年,年平均舒适日数为231天,总体人居气候环境良好。中国31个主要城市气候舒适性年内变化可分为寒冬凉夏型、冷冬凉夏型、冷冬热夏型、暖冬长夏型及四季舒适型5种类型;春秋季节天气普遍舒适,冬夏两季气候舒适性空间差异很大,冬季的差异大于夏季的,12座城市适合夏季避暑,比较适合冬季避寒的城市有海口、广州、昆明、南宁和福州。夏季酷热的城市主要分布于长江中下游流域,近30年其夏季的酷热日数和酷热程度有较明显的增加趋势。

甘肃省旅游气候舒适度时空差异

通过对甘肃省2010-2017年29个气象站点日值数据的深度挖掘,应用温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数以及综合气候舒适度评价模型,对甘肃省综合旅游气候舒适度进行时空差异研究.省内大部分地区逐日综合旅游气候舒适度变化呈“M型”分布,在5月和9月日舒适度最好,定西、甘南等高海拔地区呈“倒U型”分布,7月日舒适度最好;大部分地区5月份进入舒适期,持续3~5个月,河西走廊较舒适期为4~6个月;春秋季陇东南地区、夏季陇中以及甘南部分地区舒适条件最好;“黄金周”旅游气候舒适度俱佳;全省年综合旅游气候舒适度依次为:陇东南(75.6)>陇中黄土高原(67)>河西走廊(65)>甘南高原(58),年舒适度最低值在乌鞘岭地区(44);5~9月是全省最适合旅游的时间段.

基于引力模型的海南乡村康养旅游潜力分析

将人居环境舒适度作为旅游目的地吸引力变量,在分析海南岛气候环境特征的同时,基于旅游引力模型计算得到海南省154个椰级乡村旅游点发展康养旅游的潜力,为海南乡村康养旅游发展提供参考依据。结果表明:海南乡村旅游点发展康养旅游的潜力自西向东呈递增趋势,高潜力值区域主要分布于铺前湾一带,以及海口市与澄迈县、定安县交界处地区、三亚市南部以及琼海市东部沿海地区;海南椰级乡村旅游点宜居月份与“候鸟游客”主要旅期吻合,中部山区地带具备更好的基于气候环境的康养服务基础;海南乡村旅游点潜力值在10100以上,全年舒适月份占比在60%以上,表现出较好的发展潜力,其中琼中县与海口市应重点考虑辖区内乡村康养旅游产业的规划发展。

近60年信阳市旅游气候舒适度变化特征分析

利用1960—2019年两个国家级气象站的逐日平均气温、相对湿度、平均风速和日照时数等气象资料,计算了信阳市温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数和综合舒适指数,进而分析其年际和季节变化特征。结果表明:近60年来,信阳市年均温湿指数、风效指数和着衣指数均向舒适等级方向发展,并且3种指数均在春季表现出明显的向好趋势。综合舒适指数在年际上表现为舒适等级时长增加,而不舒适等级时长减少;在季节上表现为春季舒适等级时长增加,而不舒适等级时长减少;冬季较舒适等级时长增加,而较不舒适等级时长减少。因此,在当前全球变暖的气候背景下,信阳市旅游气候舒适度正朝着更加舒适的方向发展,且春季舒适性更强。信阳市应把握旅游气候资源优势,开展更加丰富多样的旅游活动,助力旅游业高质量发展。

基于海拔梯度的彭州市山地旅游气候资源评价

为评价彭州旅游气候资源,利用2012-2021年41个气象观测站(1个国家常规地面观测站及40个区域站)逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、降水量、风速和日照时数等资料,通过温湿、风效、着衣指数建立综合舒适度模型。结果表明:温湿指数山、丘、坝区最适月为6、5、4月份,A等级占87%、87%、53%;风效指数峰值在8月上中旬,较温湿指数滞后10~20 d,最适月为:坝区(3、10、11月份)、山区(4、5、10月份)、丘区(4、10月份);着衣指数低谷在7月下旬,峰值丘区12月下旬,山、坝区1月上旬;综合舒适度指数呈“M”型分布,坝、丘、山区最适月在4月份和10月份、5月份和9月份、6月份和8月份,5-8月份丘坝区指数显著降低,山区波动不大。夏季山区综合舒适度最佳,显著优于丘、坝区。

张家口避暑气候舒适度分析

基于1988—2018年张家口市及各县(区)14个国家级地面气象观测站夏季(6—8月)逐日平均气温、最高和最低气温、平均相对湿度和平均风速,计算体感温度,分析气候舒适度分布,并统计北京、石家庄高温日数及体感温度变化特征,从而对比分析张家口地区避暑旅游优势。结果表明:(1)张家口夏季平均气温变化范围为19.6~22.5℃,相对湿度范围为56%~72%,平均风速范围为1.8~2.5 m·s^(-1),气温、湿度、风较适宜,有利于避暑旅游活动的开展。(2)张家口地区夏季体感温度为19.0~23.0℃,随地形变化特征显著,坝上地区体感温度低于坝下地区。(3)除康保、沽源、张北外,张家口夏季大部分县(区)多数时间处于舒适范围内,7月是张家口夏季舒适日数最多的月份。(4)与石家庄、北京相比,张家口具有高温日数少、平均体感温度适宜和舒适日数比例高的优势。

基于黄金分割法的五峰康养旅游人体舒适度时空分析

利用2018-2022年五峰土家族自治县逐日地面常规气象观测资料,分析了气温、降水量、相对湿度和风速等气象要素,并采用基于“黄金分割法”的人体舒适度指数和等级划分方法,通过比较人体感受舒适日数时空分布特征为游客康养旅游规划和康养旅游产业开发提供参考。结果表明:渔洋关镇和五峰镇3-5月份和10-11月份均以广义舒适期为主,其中3、4、10、11月份基本整月处于广义舒适期,月均广义舒适日数在25d以上,非常适宜观光和康养旅游。五峰全境垂直气候差异明显,气候康养效应在时空上具有互补性,总体上夏季西部乡镇夏季避暑康养优势凸显,春秋季东部乡镇更适合康养旅游。基于此可以进一步围绕“中国天然氧吧”、气候资源和生态资源优势打造康养旅游品牌,大力发展生态康养旅游产业。

Optimization of Soundscape in Theme Park Based on Soundscape Comfortable Degree——A Case Study of China Dinosaur Land in Changzhou

Tourism soundscape is a new field of tourism landscape research, soundscape designs offer new concepts for the landscape research and development. Taking China Dinosaur Land in Changzhou City for example, visitors' perception about soundscape comfort in theme parks was studied. The researches found that acoustic comfort was infl uenced by objective parameters of sound and subjective perception of visitors, and when the soundscape volume stayed at a certain threshold value, visitors would gain the most satisfi ed acoustic comfort experience, and they were most sensitive to sound elements that able to convey cultural connotations of the theme park. On this basis, this paper adopted positive design, negative design, and zero design, and proposed the concepts of optimizing theme park soundscapes.

Establishment and Application of Comprehensive Evaluation Index of Tourism

According to the actual situation of Zhejiang Province,an objective and quantitative mathematical model used to assess the tourism index of scenic spots was proposed to extend fine and personalized meteorological services to scenic spots and tourists,in which effects of sunshine,wind power,temperature and relative humidity on the comfort of the human body were considered fully,and warning of weather disasters and occurrence of characteristic meteorological landscapes were also considered. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index model of tourism has full functions of assessment,has guiding significance to the travel of travel enthusiasts and can provide reference for tourism management.

气候康养旅游指数和人体舒适度研究进展

气候康养旅游指数是人体舒适度在气候康养旅游中的应用,旨在表征旅游目的地气候环境状态,是综合衡量旅游者气候幸福感的指标。本文检索了Web of Science和中国知网数据库进行可视化分析,阐释气候康养旅游和人体舒适度指数的内涵,总结气候康养旅游和人体舒适度指数的历史演进,探讨气候康养旅游指数研究存在的问题和对策,以期为未来气候康养旅游指数的深入研究和产业可持续发展提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)英文研究更关注旅游满意度和竞争力,而中文研究更关注人体舒适度、气候舒适度和康养旅游。(2)人体舒适度指标主要由气象因子和服装热阻等构成,旨在反映人体对环境舒适度的感受,而气候康养旅游指数不仅涵盖了气象因子、审美因素,还考虑了空气质量、氧含量等康养因素,旨在综合评估旅游活动的适宜性和旅行者气候康养的效果。

旅游气候舒适度的模型改进及时空演化

旅游气候舒适度是影响旅游者旅游决策和旅游体验的重要因子,也是影响旅游流时空变化的重要因素。目前国内对旅游气候舒适度的研究多集中在局部区域且各评价指标具有较强的局限性,缺乏对大尺度空间范围内旅游气候舒适度评价的研究。文章基于气象站点数据,并结合中国内地的实际情况,通过改进国际上典型的旅游气候舒适度评价模型,对中国内地1961—2020年旅游气候舒适度的多时间尺度变化及空间格局演变进行探讨。结果表明,改进后的旅游气候舒适度模型能够较好地反映中国内地的实际情况。时间上,中国内地旅游气候舒适度在近60年中表现出非线性和多时间尺度周期性变化的特征;空间上,中国东南沿海地区的旅游气候舒适天数呈减少趋势,其他大部分地区则呈增加趋势。该结论为我国未来旅游气候的相关研究提供了理论支持和现实指导。

黑龙江省康养旅游度假气候舒适性研究

利用1991年-2020年黑龙江省83个气象站的气象要素资料,采用气候舒适度等级划分方法和常年气温、降水指标分析,对黑龙江省涵盖“三江、四湖、两泉、两林区”康养旅游度假地发展的重点范围的城镇进行气候康养评价和典型康养气候类型进行分析。结果表明,黑龙江省康养旅游度假节点城镇气候舒适度较高,常年年累计较舒适等级以上天数在133~183之间,具有良好的康养旅游气候资源,同时具有明显的节季性,夏季较舒适以上等级天数都多于40天,具有清凉型的避暑旅游康养气候类型,非常适合避暑康养旅游度假。

冬季澳门地区旅游景观空间更新策略研究——以澳门地区“大三巴”牌坊为例

研究了澳门地区“大三巴”牌坊区域冬季的气候舒适度与人们出行意愿之间的关系。根据实测数据,澳门地区“大三巴”牌坊区域在冬季的气温较为稳定,平均气温18℃,相对湿度较高,平均70%,风速较小,平均2 m/s,大气压较为稳定,平均1015 hPa,太阳辐射较强,平均400 W/m^(2)。通过实测数据和气象局提供的数据,计算了热舒适评价指标,并分析了空气温度、太阳辐射、相对湿度、平均风速、大气压强等微气候因子对人体舒适度的影响。结果表明:气温是人们影响出行意愿的重要参考,而相对湿度较高可能会对人体热舒适产生一定影响。在改善澳门地区“大三巴”牌坊区域的热舒适度时,应重点关注太阳辐射、相对湿度和风速等微气候因子的调节和控制。为此,提出了建议:可种植垂直绿化来降低区域问题,调节局部气温,以达到提升人们出行意愿的目标。