Classification and Spatial Pattern of Township Development in Liaoning Province, China

The classification of township development types is an urgent problem that requires solution to enable the township to choose an appropriate development path.Using a township development classification method,we determine the township development types and their spatial patterns in Liaoning Province,China.The results showed that the patterns of township development types based on their general advantages had significant spatial differentiations.The planting,and livestock and poultry breeding township development types based on general advantages were mainly distributed across the central plain of Liaoning Province,China,and also concentrated in Dandong City−Dalian City along Yellow Sea coast,and in the northwest of Chaoyang City.The business and tourism,industry and mining,and residence township development types based on general advantages were distributed mainly along the Shenyang–Dalian Economic Belt in the central and southern Liaoning Province.The ecology township development type based on general advantages was mainly distributed in the eastern and western Liaoning Province to maintain regional ecological security.Township development types based on non-advantages were sporadically distributed in the middle and western Liaoning Province.Based on the classification and spatial patterns,the differences between the distribution of twonship development types and the plan for the major functional areas of Liaoning Province were proposed which could provide the basis for the optimization of the major functional areas.

Path of Rural Vitalization Based on Coupling Perspective of Township Construction and Resource Environment in Jiangsu Province,China

Recently,the field of rural vitalization has received extensive research attention.However,only few studies have proposed an approach to rural vitalization from the coupling perspective of township construction and the resource environment.Taking Jiangsu Province of China as the study area,we constructed index systems of township construction function types and resource environments.Based on 875 township study units in Jiangsu,we characterized the township construction function type and resource environment and analyzed the dynamic process of their coupling from 2005 to 2017.The results are as follows:1)the townships of planting and breeding types in Jiangsu were mainly distributed in northern and central Jiangsu;the townships of business travel,industry,and integrated types were mainly distributed in southern Jiangsu;and the townships of ecological type were irregularly distributed throughout Jiangsu.2)Resource environment factors and township construction function types in Jiangsu clustered based on their location with some overlap.3)Spatial variability in the degree of coupling level between township construction and the resource environment in Jiangsu was not apparent,and low coupling levels accounted for most of the study units.The sum of the number of medium and high coupling townships in southern,central,and northern Jiangsu was roughly equal,and the coupling level between township construction and the resource environment in southern Jiangsu evolved remained unchanged,whereas that in the central and northern Jiangsu became imbalanced.4)In Jiangsu,township construction was mainly constrained by water resources,and the constraint parameters gradually increase.Large variability in resource environment constraint was observed in northern,central,and southern Jiangsu for different township construction function types.Based on these findings,we proposed the implementation of targeted rural vitalization strategies.

Preliminary Study on Forest Fire Prevention and Extinguishing in Townships in the Southern Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province:A Case Study of Lishui

Forest fires seriously threaten forestry resources and the life and property safety of people in mountainous areas of Lishui City. In this paper, a fire prevention concept with refined forecast and early warning of forest fire danger weather ratings in townships as the starting point, satellite real-time observation of fire spots, monitoring of the Internet of Things and other high-tech products as an implementation means, and strengthening forest fire prevention equipment and personnel in townships as a guarantee was established. The command system for rapid emergency response by cities, counties and townships should be improved. During the forest fire prevention period, fire sources should be strictly controlled, and the basic principles of forest fire fighting in townships should be implemented into the actual fire prevention and fire fighting work to eliminate forest fires in time at the initial stage and before the disaster.

Exploring a Typical Regional Model for Rural Industrial Revitalization:Using Shimen Township as a Case Study

Implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and embarking on the path of socialist rural revitalization with distinctive Chinese characteristics are essential steps in addressing existing gaps in agricultural and rural modernization.These steps aim to swiftly increase farmers’incomes,enhance agricultural production capabilities,foster high-quality rural economic development,and rectify issues related to uneven development.Revitalizing rural areas and alleviating poverty among the majority of farmers represent major decisions made by the state regarding the“three rural issues.”This paper conducts an analysis and discussion centered on Shimen Township in She County within the context of the agricultural and rural development revitalization strategy.The objective is to identify prevailing challenges and propose relevant solutions.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Frequency, Duration and Intensity of Dengue Fever Epidemic Risk in Townships in Pearl River Delta and Yunnan in China, 2013

Dengue fever （DF）, one of the neglected tropical diseases also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquito-borne disease common in the tropics and subtropics. Dengue fever is transmitted primarily by A.aegypti, resulting in infection with any of four distinct but closely related virus serotypes. The majority of infected people experience a self-limiting clinical course. A small proportion of cases develop into life-threatening Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever or Dengue Shock Syndrome.

A Preliminary Study on the Rational Utilization of Land Resources in the Poverty-Stricken Mountainous Areas in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River:A Case Study of Xueshan Township

As one of the most fragile alpine plateau and canyon areas in China,the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are the key areas of ecological construction in China.It is also a key area for poverty alleviation in the country.Therefore,it is necessary to take into account the dual goals of poverty reduction and ecological environment construction,and explore a win-win road of ecological construction and poverty alleviation in line with the reality of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,which is located in the poor mountainous area of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,based on many field investigations and existing investigation and statistical data,this paper analyzes the current situation and main problems of land use in Xueshan Township,and then puts forward measures and suggestions for rational utilization of land resources in Xueshan Township.This can provide a necessary reference for the next implementation of rural revitalization strategy and ecological construction.

印度VEDANTA TOWNSHIP住区规划设计

随着我国海外建筑市场的扩展,我国特色建筑文化影响面逐渐延伸。印度VEDANTA TOWNSHIP住区规划在合理划分住区功能区的基础上,以满足当地气候条件、地质条件及人文风俗为规划总框架,加以我国传统建设形式,如四合院形式使住区组团式分布而利于分期开发,体现秩序感;江南园林形式增加住区景观层次感,与印度神庙的合理搭配满足住民的信仰需求等;针对住区居民交往需求,构建交流空间网络。这一规划设计手法将该住区建设成具有中印"龙象之合"特色的舒适园区,同时也促进了中国特色建筑文化的传播。

Satisfaction of Village Doctors with the Township and Village Health Services Integration Policy in the Western Minority-inhabited Areas of China

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management（TVHSIM） is an essential form of China＇s two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level. Its main purpose, also one of the target goals in China＇s new healthcare reform, is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources. This study aims to assess the village doctors＇ satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors＇ personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales. Village doctors with different years of practice, social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels（all P〈0.05）. Age（P〈0.05） and years of practice（P〈0.01） were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management. Essential medical knowledge level（P〈0.05） was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well. However, social insurance status（P〈0.05） was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management. Gender, age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors＇ satisfaction with TVHSIM（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China, a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed. In addition, the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced. Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

How to allocate public health manpower in township health centers in China scientifically and reasonably

INTRODUCTION The global health issue is not a shortage of capital or technology, but a shortage of health manpower. Health human resource （HHR）, an important component of health resources, determines the quantity, quality and effectiveness of health service, thus greatly impacting on health service to the citizens.

The Changing Labour Relations during the Period of Economic Reform:A Case Study of Chinese Township and Village Enterprises in Yangtze River Delta

The economic reform launched in the People's Republic of China(China) led to a rapid growth in non-state sectors.Various forms of corporate governances and ownerships emerged during the last two decades,especially the Township and Village Enterprises owned by local residents.This article is conducted on the changing labour relations in Chinese Township and Village Enterprises(TVEs) despite their increasing contributions to China's transition from planned economy to market economy,and studies the labour market and the Labour Law to understand the unique labour mobility and to test the relationship between Human Resource Management(HRM) practice and the performance among TVEs.

A STUDY ON LOCATION OF TOWNSHIP INDUSTRY IN SHANGHAI SUBURBS

The township industry in Shanghai suburbs has undergone a rapid development in the past few years. Aimed at studying the spatial law of the township industry in Shanghai suburbs, three kinds of indexes including distribution density, economic benefit, and regional structure are selected and analysed using correlation analysis method. There are 12 indexes in total. It is found that the locational variation of the township industry in Shanghai suburbs conforms to the following distribution equation:y=ae-bx (x】 5)The above equation has been more and more conforming to the real distribution of the township industry. It is obvious that decreasing trend from inner suburban districts to outer suburban districts is an important character of the locational variation of the township industry of Shanghai suburbs. The fact is closely related with the radiation intensity of the urban economy and the locational superiority for the development of township industry. The regional strategies of the township industry of

Division of Township Grade System and Scope of Influence:A Case Study of Dafang County

At the township level,combining Voronoi diagram and breaking point theory,this paper divides township grade system and its scope of influence in Dafang County of Guizhou Province,and discusses the grade system from small scale perspective.Results show that Dafang County takes Dafang Town as the center,Dashi Town in the north and Shachang Township in the east as auxiliary part,Sanyuan Township,Zhuyuan Township,Babao Township,Pudi Township,Lihua Township,and Dingxin Township as cooperative part,to drive development of 36 townships in Dafang County.Thus,it basically reflects township grade of Dafang County,accords with current development situation,provides certain reference value for system planning and economic zoning of small scale regions,and it is able to improve the accuracy of scope division by completing attribute data and revision of many methods.

Effects of the Development of Township Enterprises on the Urban-Rural Dual Economic Structure Based on Cointegration Theory

The gross output value of township enterprises(XGDP)is used as a variable of township enterprises development.And CXEY is a variable of urban-rural dual economic structure.According to the 1986-2006 Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Township Enterprises and the 2006 China Statistical Yearbook,effects of the development of township enterprises on the urban-rural dual economic structure are studied by the cointegration analysis.Result shows that without considering other influencing factors,township enterprise development in the years 1979-2005 is the key factor to improve the dual economic structure in urban and rural areas in China.

Influence Factors and Improvement Recommendations for Core Competency of Township Enterprises

Core competency of township enterprises may be influenced from the property right,technology,scale operation,financial management and talent. In view of these influence factors,township enterprises should conduct technological innovation,bring into full play functions of talents,promote corporate culture of township enterprises,attach great importance to development of core products and innovation of relevant systems,and establish market information platform for township enterprises.

Evaluation of Township Competitiveness in China: A Case Study of Zhenjiang City

Based on relevant theories about competitiveness,we establish a set of theoretical evaluation indicator system of township competitiveness,in accordance with the township characteristics. We rank 41 towns in Zhenjiang City in terms of comprehensive competitiveness,using factor analysis method and entropy method. Compared with other towns across the country,we find that the township development in all districts (cities) is highly uneven; the township development within urban district of Zhenjiang City is not so rosy; the township features are not prominent; the number and scale of the township enterprises is not enough; individually-run enterprises never get anywhere. Then,the corresponding countermeasures are put forth for the development of agriculture-based towns and industry-based towns: for agricultural town,it should accelerate the development of modern high-efficiency agriculture,develop characteristic agriculture,and promote quality of agricultural products; for industrial town,it can make full use of the advantages in transport and geographical location,consciously draw on the driving role of urban economy,take actions that suit local circumstances to develop characteristic economy,vigorously develop the private economy and export-oriented economy to enrich people,and strengthen the government service function to create efficient government.

The Evaluation Indicator System for the Audit of Township Leading Cadres' Economic Responsibility: Based on the Survey of One County in Chongqing

Economic responsibility audit evaluation of township cadres is important and difficult. According to the evaluation content and principles,the paper constructs the evaluation indicator of five subsystems: " economic management", " economic decision-making", " implementation of economic policy", " economic development",and " honest and upright administration". Through the field survey of some county in Chongqing,evaluation indicator is screened. According to the expert questionnaire,it uses the Hierarchy Analysis Process method to construct the judgment matrix and calculate the indicator weight and thereby build evaluation indicator system. It focuses on traditional indicators and evaluation indicator of sustainable development to construct a new,more complete evaluation indicator system.

Screening of Chemical Agents for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda in Corn Fields of Panmao Township,Yunnan Province

[Objectives]The paper was to effectively prevent and control the damage of Spodoptera frugiperda and to screen effective agents.[Methods]The block test of drug control was carried out,and the insect pest situation was investigated five times.[Results]150 mL/hm^(2) of 5%emamectin benzoate+600 mL/hm 2 of 5%lufenuron had better comprehensive control effect on S.frugiperda,and the corn yield reached 10100.55 kg/hm^(2).[Conclusions]The study provides a basis for scientific control of S.frugiperda.

Analysis of the Land Use Structure in Alpine Valley Area of Jinsha River:Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan County,Yunnan Province as an Example

Oriented by ecological,production and living functions of land,this paper analyzes the status of land use in Xueshan Township,Luquan County,Yunnan Province using the method of assignment.The land is classified into general production land,production and ecological land,general living land,living and production land,living and ecological land,general ecological land and ecological and production land.The result is compared with the classification system of the second national land survey.In theory,the classification system of ecological land,living land and production land is constructed.Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan County,a typical alpine valley area of Jinsha River as an example,based on the survey data on the changes of land use in Xueshan Township in Luquan County in 2016,this paper analyzes the distribution of ecological land,living land and production land in Xueshan Township.The results show that in Xueshan Township,ecological land(including general ecological land and ecological and production land)has the largest proportion(54.84%)in area,followed by production land(including general production land and production and ecological land)(44.41%),and living land(including general living land and living and production land)has the lowest proportion(only 0.75%).In overall,the distribution of production land and ecological land in Xueshan Township is not reasonable enough.For example,the proportion of dry land with a slope bigger than 15°and serious oil erosion in the township is currently 79.23%,among which,the dry land with a slope bigger than 25°and particularly serious soil erosion accounts for 52.88%.Therefore,it is necessary to gradually take measures to convert cultivated land into forests and further optimize the structure and spatial configuration of ecological land,living land and production land.

Gansa Township on Way to Affluence

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