How to allocate public health manpower in township health centers in China scientifically and reasonably

INTRODUCTION The global health issue is not a shortage of capital or technology, but a shortage of health manpower. Health human resource （HHR）, an important component of health resources, determines the quantity, quality and effectiveness of health service, thus greatly impacting on health service to the citizens.

Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure

Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.

Healthcare Worker-Related Factors Contributing to Tuberculosis Treatment Non-Adherence among Patients in Kisumu East Sub-County

Background: Treatment non-adherence poses significant risks to health outcomes and impedes the health system’s efficiency, hence curtailing progress towards the end Tuberculosis (TB) strategy under SDG 3.3. Despite interventions to address TB treatment non-adherence, Kenya still reports high TB treatment non-adherence rates of 35% and consequently poor treatment outcome rates. Health Care Workers (HCWs) play a critical role in linking the population to health services, yet little is known of their influence on patients’ TB treatment non-adherence in Kenya. Objective: To analyze HCW-related factors associated with TB treatment non-adherence among patients in Kisumu East Sub-County. Methods: Health facility-based analytical cross-sectional mixed-method study. A Semi-structured questionnaire on treatment adherence and patients’ perceptions of HCWs during the clinic visit was administered to 102 consenting adult (out of a total census of 107 adults) drug-susceptible TB patients. 12 purposively selected HCWs by rank from 6 health facilities participated in Key Informant Interview sessions. Medication adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and then expressed as a dichotomous variable. Quantitative analysis utilized STATA version 15.1 while qualitative deductive thematic analysis was done using NVIVO version 14. Results: TB treatment non-adherence rate of 26% (CI: 18% - 36%) was recorded. Overall, patients who felt supported in dealing with the illness were 8 times more likely to adhere to treatment compared to those who were not (aOR = 7.947, 95% CI: 2.214 - 28.527, p = 0.001). Key HCW related factors influencing adherence to treatment included: friendliness (cOR = 4.31, 95% CI: 1.514 - 12.284, p = 0.006), respect (cOR = 6.679, 95% CI: 2.239 - 19.923, p = 0.001) and non-discriminatory service (cOR = 0.1478, 95% CI: 0.047 - 0.464, p = 0.001), communication [adequacy of consultation time (cOR = 6.563, 95% CI: 2.467 - 17.458, p = 0.001) and patients’ involvement in their health decisions (cOR = 3.02 95% CI: 1.061 - 8.592, p = 0.038)] and education and counselling (cOR = 4.371, 95% CI: 1.725 - 11.075, p = 0.002). Conclusion: The study results underline importance of patient-centered consultation for TB patients and targeted education and counselling for improved treatment adherence.

The Place of Human Resource Management in Lagos State Healthcare Delivery: A Statistical Overview

Background: Behind every great system is an organized team;this is especially true in the healthcare industry, where a dedicated human resources team can effectively recruit employees, train staff, and implement safety measures in the workplace. The importance of human resources in the healthcare industry cannot be overstated, with benefits ranging from providing an orderly and effectively run facility to equipping staff with the most accurate and up-to-date training. Proper human resources management is critical in providing high-quality health care. A refocus on human resources management in healthcare requires more research to develop new policies. Effective human resources management strategies are greatly needed to achieve better outcomes and access to health care worldwide. Methods: This study leveraged NOI Polls census data on Health Facility Assessment for Lagos State. One thousand two hundred fifty-six health care facilities were assessed in Lagos State;numbers of Health workers were documented alongside their area of specialization. Also, demographic characterizations of the facilities, such as LGA, Ownership type, Facility Level Care, and Category of the facility, were also documented. Descriptive statistics alongside cross tabulation was done to present the various area of specialization of the health workers. Multiple response analysis was done to understand the distribution of human resources across the health facilities. At the same time, Chi-square and correlation tests were conducted to test the independence of various categories recorded while understanding the relationships among selected specialties. Results: The study revealed that Nurses were the most common health specialist in the Lagos State health facilities. At the same time, Gynecologists and General surgeons are the two medical specialists mostly common in health facilities. Midwives are the second most common health specialist working full time, while Generalist medical doctors make up the top three health specialists working full time. Nurses and Midwives had the highest number in Lagos State, while Pulmonologists were currently the lowest human resource available in Lagos State health care system. It was also noted that health facility distribution across Lagos’s urban and rural areas was even. In contrast, distribution based on other factors such as ownership type, Facility level of care, and facility category was slightly skewed. Conclusion: The distribution of health workers in health facility across LGA in Lagos State depend on Ownership type, Facility level of care, and category of the facility.

Present situation and the countermeasures of health human resources in Guangxi general hospitals at the county - level

[目的] 了解广西县级综合医院卫生人力资源状况,为进一步推进县级医院改革提供建设性意见. [方法]通过问卷调查法、数理统计法等综合分析广西县级综合医院卫生人力资源现状.[结果]广西县级综合 医院在岗人员在编率为41.56%,医护比为1： 1.68, 67.12%的卫生技术人员职称为初级及以下,超七成拥有 大专及以上学历.[结论]广西县级综合医院卫生技术人员在编率较低,医护比、职称及学历结构不合理,整 体年龄偏低,需通过综合措施加以改善.

Humanizing the Culture of Technology Teams: Strategies for Creating Healthier and More Productive Work Environments

With the advancement of technology, companies are increasingly dependent on technology teams to stay competitive. However, members of these teams often work in stressful and unhealthy environments, which can undermine their productivity and well-being. The humanization of the culture of technology teams is an approach that aims to create healthier and more productive work environments for team members, promoting balance between personal and professional life. Despite the importance of a healthy and productive work environment, many companies do not invest in strategies to humanize the culture of their technology teams. This can lead to high levels of stress, staff turnover and low productivity. The objective of this project is to identify effective strategies to humanize the culture of technology teams and create healthier and more productive work environments in digital companies. For this, factors such as management styles, psychological safety, human-centered development, individual beliefs and time and energy management will be analyzed. The project’s methodology will include a literature review on the subject and qualitative data analysis will be performed using a content analysis approach. This project will contribute to the advancement of knowledge about the humanization of the culture of technology teams in digital companies. The results can be applied to companies that want to create healthier and more productive work environments for their team members.

U. S. Academic Medical Centers Under the Managed Health Care Environment

This research investigates the impact of managed health care on academic medical centers in the United States. Academic medical centers hold a unique position in the U. S. health care system through their missions of conducting cutting-edge biomedical researeh, pursuing clinical and technological innovations, Providing state-of-the-art medical care and producing highly qUalified health professionals. However, policies to control costs through the use of managed care and limiting resources are detrimental to academic medical centers and impede the advancement of medical sciTo survive the threats of managed care in the health care environment, acadendc medical centers must rely on their upper level managers to derive successful strategies. The methods used in this study include qualitative approaches in the form of key informants and case studies. In addition, a survey questionnaire was sent to 1h8 CEOs in all the academic medical centers in the U. S. The findings revealed that managers who perform the liaison, monitor, entrepreneur and resource allocator roles are crucial to ensure the survival of academic medical centers, so that academic medical centers can continue their missions to serve the general public and promote their well-being.

Advances in the Health Training Process Quality:Links between Education,Service and Community

This study proposes to discuss the experience lived by Pró-Saúde and PET-Saúde team of FACISA/ UFRN together with the Municipal Health Department of Santa Cruz/RN from a critical-reflexive perspective about the interaction between education, service and community as well as advances in approach and the strengthening between the school and Primary Health Care. This is an exploratory study with an experience report approach of the Pró-Saúde and PET-Saúde team from 2012 to 2014. The integration of these programs in experimental scenarios of the Unified Health System and the strengthening of the proposed training of human resources capable of the current healthcare system were observed. Thus, contributions in health in undergraduate courses and practices of health services are important, since the approach to the reality of the population and their social needs contribute to the vocational training quality.

基于明尼苏达量表的安徽省乡镇公共卫生服务从业人员工作满意度研究

目的了解安徽省基层公共卫生服务从业人员的工作满意度及影响因素,并提出相应的建议。方法2021年1—4月采用分层随机整群抽样方法在皖北、皖中、皖南分别抽取乡镇卫生院公共卫生服务从业人员进行问卷调查。采用明尼苏达满意度短式量表调查从业人员工作满意度情况,采用多元线性回归进行工作满意度的影响因素分析。结果共调查了39个县723家乡镇卫生院的5430名公共卫生服务从业人员。其中,男性2112人(占38.90%),女性3318人(占61.10%);40~49岁人群居多(2240人,占41.25%);学历以大专及以上为主(3934人,占72.45%);所学专业最多的为临床医学(2503人,占46.10%);来自一般乡镇卫生院更多(3091人,56.92%)。工作总体满意度得分为(2.02±0.78)分,内部满意度得分为(1.94±0.71)分,外部满意度得分为(2.19±0.89)分。其中“我的报酬与我所做的工作量”得分最高,为(2.46±1.02)分;“能够做不违背自己良心的事情”得分最低,为(1.74±0.65)分。性别、职称、工作机构规模和单位培训重视程度是影响乡镇公共卫生服务从业人员工作满意度的主要因素(t=−4.61、2.28、2.70、−41.78,P均<0.05)。结论安徽省基层公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度较高,外部满意度稍逊于内部满意度。建议通过加强人才培养、改善工作条件、提升薪酬待遇等途径提高基层公共卫生服务人员工作满意度。

2012—2021年我国专业公共卫生机构人力资源配置状况及公平性分析

目的:分析我国专业公共卫生机构人才队伍建设情况,为加强我国公共卫生人才队伍建设提供参考。方法:基于《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》数据,采用描述性统计分析、基尼系数和卫生资源集聚度等方法,分析2012—2021年我国专业公共卫生机构人才数量、质量及不同地区人力资源配置公平性。结果:2012—2021年,全国专业公共卫生机构人员数年均增长率为4.10%,每千人口专业公共卫生机构人员数年均增长率为3.71%;2021年,我国专业公共卫生机构人力资源按人口配置的基尼系数为0.1002,按地理面积配置的基尼系数为0.6706,21个省份的卫生资源集聚度值大于1。结论:十年间我国专业公共卫生机构人力资源总量稳步增长,质量有较大提升,但与预期发展目标尚有差距,不同专业公共卫生机构人力资源发展不均衡,公共卫生人力资源配置中人口公平性优于地理公平性,且省际差异显著。

基于岗位分析与工时测定的医院健康体检(管理)中心护士人力资源配置研究

目的:构建医院健康体检(管理)中心护士人力资源配置方法,为完善健康体检(管理)中心的规范化管理提供指导。方法:通过文献回顾,利用岗位分析和工时测定相结合的方法,梳理北京市某三甲综合医院体检中心主要8项护士岗位工作。其中不以流程作业方式运行的岗位包括护士长岗位、体检服务台、市场外联岗位;以流程作业方式运行的静脉采血、心电图等岗位,采用工时测定法计算该院健康体检中心2023年11月至2024年1月各岗位完成每次检查所需工时,并推算所需护士数。结果:结合岗位分析与工时测定,测算该院体检中心护士人力合理配置应为20人。结论:根据研究结果,该体检中心调整护士配置人数,有效提高了体检工作质量与人员工作效率,为其他医院健康体检(管理)中心护士人力资源合理配置提供了有益的借鉴,对推动健康体检规范化管理具有重要意义。

基于GM(1,1)灰色模型的天津市卫生人力资源预测分析

目的:以天津市近10年相关数据为基础建立灰色模型,对天津市未来5年的卫生人才发展进行预测研究,以期为未来的卫生人力资源配置优化提供科学佐证。方法:汇总2011-2022年卫生人力资源相关数据,描述性分析近10年天津市卫生人力资源的变化趋势。运用Matlab软件对2023-2027年卫生人力资源配置情况进行GM(1,1)模型预测分析。结果:2011-2022年卫生人力资源整体数量呈现上升趋势,其中注册护士和技师的年增长率相对较高,分别为5.85%和6.11%。构建的灰色预测模型拟合结果都较好,预测结果到2027年卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师、注册护士、药师和技师分别达到161 019人、72324人、63 655人、9116人和10 839人。结论:未来天津市护理人员缺口较大,应加强院校合作以及医疗机构加大重视护理人员的培养与考核。为避免单一模型的局限性应将经济社会等多重因素纳入至预测模型中,还可以考虑多个预测模型构建组合模型。

2011—2022年我国妇幼保健机构申请和获得国家自然科学基金项目资助情况分析

目的 分析2011—2022年我国妇幼保健机构申请和获得国家自然科学基金(National Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC)项目资助情况,为妇幼保健机构科研能力建设提供参考。方法 运用NSFC大数据知识管理服务平台和全国妇幼保健机构监测数据,分析NSFC项目申请、获资助、负责人等基本情况,比较获资助和未获资助机构在人力资源和承担科研课题项目上的差异性。结果 2011—2022年我国35家妇幼保健机构作为NSFC依托单位共申请项目861项,获资助率为10.57%;青年科学基金、面上项目、地区科学基金为主要申请和获资助类型,获资助率分别为7.27%、5.34%和15.21%,存在类别间和地区间差异。55.8%的项目负责人在首次获资助前参与过NSFC项目,且78.13%为高等院校牵头项目;项目负责人中,高级职称占58.25%、博士研究生学历占62.64%;获资助机构承担或独立承担科研课题项目数多于未获资助机构,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 我国妇幼保健机构科研能力仍相对薄弱,人才储备和科研基础是项目申请成功的有利因素,妇幼保健机构应加强科研人才的引进与培养,以需求为牵引,关注政策导向,聚焦学术前沿,注重学科交叉,增强合作,推动科研创新能力提升,助力妇幼保健机构可持续、高质量地发展。

2015—2022年全国三级妇幼保健院卫生人力资源配置状况分析

目的了解2015—2022年全国三级妇幼保健院的卫生人力资源配置状况,为进一步加强妇幼保健院人才队伍建设和管理提供依据。方法通过全国妇幼保健机构监测系统收集数据,对全国所有三级妇幼保健院的卫生人力资源情况进行描述性分析。结果2015—2022年全国三级妇幼保健院卫生技术人员数量不断增加,年平均增长率为10.2%;高学历和高职称卫生技术人员占比逐年上升;卫生技术人员占比达标的三级妇幼保健院所占的比例已提高到93.8%;医护比已超过1∶1.4。结论我国三级妇幼保健院的卫生人力资源配置状况呈现良好的上升趋势,为提高妇幼保健院整体服务水平与服务能力奠定了基础。

我国卫生人力资源供需协调的时空耦合特征研究

目的:探究2012~2021年我国卫生人力资源供给与需求的耦合协调关系及时空特征。方法:以我国卫生人力资源为研究对象,采用熵值法、综合评价指数等构建耦合协调模型,测算我国卫生人力资源供需的耦合协调度,利用空间全局自相关和冷热点分析探究其空间分布特征。结果:2012~2021年我国卫生人力资源供给与需求综合水平呈上升趋势;供需系统协调等级由失调-勉强协调向失调-中级协调发展;空间自相关分析结果显示,两系统耦合协调度空间集聚效应逐渐增强;冷热点分析结果显示,我国卫生人力资源供需耦合协调度的热点区域为山东、河南、江苏、安徽、湖北、陕西等省份,冷点区域为西藏。结论:我国卫生人力资源供需耦合协调关系整体向好发展,但各地区仍存在较大差异。为优化区域为卫生人力资源配置效率,各地区需结合自身实际,完善卫生人才结构,强化卫生人才培养能力;进行区域规划时多关注边缘省份,加强中心省份与边缘省份的交流合作,缩小各地区发展差异,促进区域协同发展。

“十四五”时期我国中医类医院卫生人力资源配置公平性及需求预测研究

目的评价2012—2021年我国中医类医院卫生人力资源配置的公平性,并预测各类卫生技术人员的数量,为推动我国中医类医院卫生人力资源的合理配置提供参考。方法收集全国中医类医院卫生技术人员的数据,并运用泰尔指数与集聚度分析卫生人力资源配置的公平性;运用灰色GM(1,1)模型预测我国中医类医院卫生技术人员的需求。结果2012—2021年,我国中医类医院卫生人力资源总体呈增长趋势,按各地区泰尔指数分析,泰尔指数贡献率表明地区间差异是造成人员配置差异的主要因素,按地理配置的中医类医院人员集聚度由大到小分别为东部地区、中部地区、西部地区。结论发挥优质医疗资源扩容作用,促进中医资源合理配置;明确目标责任,促进管理精细化,提高医护人员配置公平性;立足传统优势,拓宽培养思路,有效构建多维度中医药人才培养体系。

我国省级健康教育机构专业技术人员工作现状及能力提升需求调查

目的了解我国省级健康教育机构专业技术人员的工作现状及能力提升需求,为今后开展省级健康教育专业培训提供参考依据。方法采用问卷调查方法,调查全国省级健康教育机构所有专业技术人员的基本情况与健康教育9大能力领域专业培训需求。采用χ^(2)检验比较不同特征专业技术人员的工作现状及能力提升需求差异。结果我国省级健康教育机构专业技术人员近3年主要参与工作领域的前3位分别为“传播与沟通”“项目管理”和“计划制定”,参与率分别为68.9%、44.7%和44.5%;“科学研究”工作参与较少,参与率为28.0%;近3年参加国家级培训的比例为55.1%;能力提升需求的前3位依次为“传播与沟通”“科学研究”和“评估与应用”,比例分别为44.1%、38.1%和30.9%。χ^(2)检验结果显示,不同地区的专业技术人员对“基本知识”的培训需求存在差异;不同职称的专业技术人员对“基本知识”“传播与沟通”“评估与应用”“科学研究”的培训需求存在差异;不同专业的专业技术人员对“基本知识”“需求评估”“干预实施”“传播与沟通”“评估与应用”“科学研究”的培训需求存在差异,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论我国省级健康教育专业技术人员能力提升需求较为强烈,未来应围绕健康教育9大能力领域,针对不同地区、职称、专业开展分层分类培训。

基于集聚度的山东省卫生人力资源配置的公平性研究

[目的]分析2016-2021年山东省16个地级市卫生人力资源配置的公平性及变化趋势,为政府进一步优化资源配置提供参考。[方法]选取山东省16个地级市2016-2021年卫生机构人员数、卫生技术人员数、执业(助理)医师数、注册护士数为指标,运用集聚度方法计算卫生人力资源集聚水平,从年份、地区、人口等维度分析山东省6年卫生人力资源配置的相对公平性。[结果]2016-2021年,山东省东部、中部与西部地区卫生人力资源的配置趋势基本一致,西部地区整体呈上升趋势。东部地区各类卫生人力资源HRAD均大于1,提示按地理配置的公平性较好;西部地区卫生技术人员、执业助理医师HRAD-PAD的差值小于0,提示按人口配置的公平性较差。[结论]2016-2021年,山东省地区卫生人力资源配置公平性存在显著差别,但是在不断优化当中。为促进山东省卫生人力资源配置的公平性,合理配置资源的同时应制定兼顾多种因素的政策,并完善“育、引、留、用”政策,倡导“区域协调”发展理念,使卫生服务体系能向居民提供公平且有效的卫生服务。

基于史密斯执行模型的乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务项目执行效能及其影响因素甄别

目的:探讨乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务项目的执行效能及其影响因素,为提高乡镇卫生院的服务质量和公共卫生水平提供参考和建议。方法:以史密斯执行模型为理论框架,通过分层整群抽样的方法,对四川省绵阳市和巴中市,以及黑龙江省哈尔滨市和齐齐哈尔市的乡镇卫生院人员进行问卷调查,分析基本公共卫生服务项目的执行效能及其驱动因素。结果:52.9%的被调查者对所在乡镇卫生院的基本公共卫生服务项目的执行效能评价较低。影响执行效能的八个显著预测因素分别是:人员职责划分不合理(OR=2.695)、人员胜任力低(OR=2.258)、项目执行不均衡(OR=1.724)、项目执行缺乏持久力(OR=1.541)、群众健康观念不足(OR=2.026)、群众对乡镇卫生院的信任程度低(OR=1.361)、乡镇卫生院各利益相关方的业务协同机制不完善(OR=1.346)和信息化协同机制不完善(OR=1.095)。结论:乡镇卫生院应加强人员培训和管理,优化项目执行流程和策略,提高群众的健康意识和信任度,完善业务协同和信息化协同机制,以提高基本公共卫生服务项目的执行效能。

江苏省148家社区卫生服务中心护理质量管理现状调查与分析

目的调查江苏省社区卫生服务中心护理质量管理现状,为护理质量提升提供参考。方法便利选取江苏省148家社区卫生服务中心为研究对象,对其护理质量管理现状进行问卷调查。结果148家社区卫生服务中心床护比在1:0.06~1:2.25之间,74家机构无专科护士,7家机构无高级职称护士。5家机构组织架构为一级质控,125家机构已成立护理质量与安全管理委员会,141家机构建立了护理质量管理制度,124家机构制订了护理质控标准,所有机构均成立了护理质量督查组,督查频率以每月一次为主(占比51.35%)。13.51%的机构上级卫生行政部门未成立基层医疗卫生机构护理质控中心,91.89%的机构上级卫生行政部门开展了护理质量专项督查,督查频率以每季度一次为主(占比58.78%)。结论江苏省148家社区卫生服务中心护理人力资源配置不足,护理质量管理组织体系有待健全,上级卫生行政部门监管有待加强。