Large-scale data emerge in food safety inspection and testing industry with the development of Internet technology in China.This paper was aimed at designing toxic and hazardous substance big data risk analysis algori...Large-scale data emerge in food safety inspection and testing industry with the development of Internet technology in China.This paper was aimed at designing toxic and hazardous substance big data risk analysis algorithm in food safety inspection and testing based on cloud computing^([1]).Cloud computing platform was set up to store the massive extensive data with geographical distribution,dynamic and high complexity from the Internet,and MapReduce^([2]) computational framework in cloud computing was applied to process and compute parallel data.The risk analysis results were obtained by analyzing 1000000 meat products testing data collected from the laboratory management information system based on web.The results show that food safety index IFS < 1,which proves that the food safety state is in good condition.展开更多
Color is the main attraction of any fabric. No matter how excellent its constitution, if unsuitably colored it is bound to be a failure as a commercial fabric. Manufacture and use of synthetic dyes for fabric dyeing h...Color is the main attraction of any fabric. No matter how excellent its constitution, if unsuitably colored it is bound to be a failure as a commercial fabric. Manufacture and use of synthetic dyes for fabric dyeing has therefore become a massive industry today. In fact the art of applying color to fabric has been known to mankind since 3500 BC. WH Perkins in 1856 discovered the use of synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes have provided a wide range of colorfast, bright hues. However their toxic nature has become a cause of grave concern to environmentalists. Use of synthetic dyes has an adverse effect on all forms of life. Presence of sulphur, naphthol, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, enzymes chromium compounds and heavy metals like copper, arsenic, lead, cad- mium, mercury, nickel, and cobalt and certain auxiliary chemicals all collectively make the textile effluent highly toxic. Other harmful chemicals present in the water may be formaldehyde based dye fixing agents, chlorinated stain removers, hydro carbon based softeners, non bio degradable dyeing chemicals. These organic materials react with many disinfectants especially chlorine and form by products (DBP’S) that are often carcinogenic and therefore undesirable. Many of these show allergic reactions. The colloidal matter present along with colors and oily scum increases the turbidity, gives the water a bad appearance and foul smell and prevents the penetration of sunlight necessary for the process of photosynthesis. This in turn interferes with the Oxygen transfer mechanism at air water interface which in turn interferes with marine life and self purification process of water. This effluent if allowed to flow in the fields’ clogs the pores of the soil resulting in loss of soil productivity. If allowed to flow in drains and rivers it effects the quality of drinking water in hand pumps making it unfit for human consumption. It is important to remove these pollutants from the waste waters before their final disposal.展开更多
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)such as arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),and lead(Pb)in fruit samples collected from Markazi Province,Iran.A proba...Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)such as arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),and lead(Pb)in fruit samples collected from Markazi Province,Iran.A probabilistic health risk assessment due to ingestion of PTEs through the consumption of these fruits was also conducted.Methods The concentration of PTEs in 90 samples of five types of fruits(n=3)collected from six geographic regions in Markazi Province was measured.The potential health risk was evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation model.Results A significant difference was observed in the concentration of PTEs between fruits as well as soil and water samples collected from different regions in Markazi Province.The order of PTE concentration in the soil and water samples was as follows:Pb>As>Hg>Cd.Furthermore,the highest level of transfer factor for Cd and Hg correlated with the grape.The estimated daily intake for adults and children was lower than the recommended tolerable daily intake.Conclusion The population in Markazi Province,Iran,is not at considerable noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic risk due to the ingestion of PTEs through the consumption of the examined fruits.展开更多
【目的】评估7种新烟碱类杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性和生态风险,为科学使用新烟碱类杀虫剂和保护七星瓢虫提供参考。【方法】采用试管药膜法,在室内测定了10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂(WP)、40%啶虫脒可溶粉剂(SP)、...【目的】评估7种新烟碱类杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性和生态风险,为科学使用新烟碱类杀虫剂和保护七星瓢虫提供参考。【方法】采用试管药膜法,在室内测定了10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂(WP)、40%啶虫脒可溶粉剂(SP)、50%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%噻虫胺水分散粒剂(WG)、40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂(WG)、17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂(SL)和25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂(WG)7种新烟碱杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫的急性毒性,并进行了生态风险评估。将7种杀虫剂分别用生产田间最大推荐用量配制成溶液,在温室内采用盆栽法实施喷雾,调查七星瓢虫幼虫的存活率。【结果】室内实验结果表明,7种新烟碱类杀虫剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫的急性毒性由高到低依次为:40%啶虫脒SP>40%氯噻啉WG>10%吡虫啉WP>50%呋虫胺WP>50%噻虫胺WG>25%噻虫嗪WG>17%氟吡呋喃酮SL。盆栽试验表明,在田间最大推荐用量下,施药后7 d时的七星瓢虫幼虫存活率为10.00%~77.50%,其中施用25%噻虫嗪WG的处理中幼虫存活率最高,施用40%氯噻啉WG的处理中幼虫存活率最低。风险评估结果表明,在单次用药下,除40%啶虫脒SP的农田内危害熵值(hazard quotient in field,HQ_(in))大于5,风险不可接受,其他药剂的HQ_(in)均小于5,风险均可接受;7种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的农田外农作物或蔬菜田场景危害熵值(hazard quotient off crop or vegetable,HQ_(off crop or vegetable))和农田外果园场景危害熵值(hazard quotient off fruit tree,HQ_(off fruit tree))均大于5,风险均可接受。间隔7 d再次用药后,40%啶虫脒SP和50%呋虫胺WP的HQ in大于5,风险不可接受,其他5种药剂的HQ in均小于5,风险可接受;而除了40%啶虫脒SP外,其他药剂对七星瓢虫的HQ_(off crop or vegetable)和HQ_(off fruit tree)均小于5,风险均可接受。【结论】为避免对七星瓢虫造成危害,建议在生产上啶虫脒和呋虫胺不要连续使用两次,应轮换使用药剂。展开更多
文摘Large-scale data emerge in food safety inspection and testing industry with the development of Internet technology in China.This paper was aimed at designing toxic and hazardous substance big data risk analysis algorithm in food safety inspection and testing based on cloud computing^([1]).Cloud computing platform was set up to store the massive extensive data with geographical distribution,dynamic and high complexity from the Internet,and MapReduce^([2]) computational framework in cloud computing was applied to process and compute parallel data.The risk analysis results were obtained by analyzing 1000000 meat products testing data collected from the laboratory management information system based on web.The results show that food safety index IFS < 1,which proves that the food safety state is in good condition.
文摘Color is the main attraction of any fabric. No matter how excellent its constitution, if unsuitably colored it is bound to be a failure as a commercial fabric. Manufacture and use of synthetic dyes for fabric dyeing has therefore become a massive industry today. In fact the art of applying color to fabric has been known to mankind since 3500 BC. WH Perkins in 1856 discovered the use of synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes have provided a wide range of colorfast, bright hues. However their toxic nature has become a cause of grave concern to environmentalists. Use of synthetic dyes has an adverse effect on all forms of life. Presence of sulphur, naphthol, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, enzymes chromium compounds and heavy metals like copper, arsenic, lead, cad- mium, mercury, nickel, and cobalt and certain auxiliary chemicals all collectively make the textile effluent highly toxic. Other harmful chemicals present in the water may be formaldehyde based dye fixing agents, chlorinated stain removers, hydro carbon based softeners, non bio degradable dyeing chemicals. These organic materials react with many disinfectants especially chlorine and form by products (DBP’S) that are often carcinogenic and therefore undesirable. Many of these show allergic reactions. The colloidal matter present along with colors and oily scum increases the turbidity, gives the water a bad appearance and foul smell and prevents the penetration of sunlight necessary for the process of photosynthesis. This in turn interferes with the Oxygen transfer mechanism at air water interface which in turn interferes with marine life and self purification process of water. This effluent if allowed to flow in the fields’ clogs the pores of the soil resulting in loss of soil productivity. If allowed to flow in drains and rivers it effects the quality of drinking water in hand pumps making it unfit for human consumption. It is important to remove these pollutants from the waste waters before their final disposal.
基金supported by the Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
文摘Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)such as arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),and lead(Pb)in fruit samples collected from Markazi Province,Iran.A probabilistic health risk assessment due to ingestion of PTEs through the consumption of these fruits was also conducted.Methods The concentration of PTEs in 90 samples of five types of fruits(n=3)collected from six geographic regions in Markazi Province was measured.The potential health risk was evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation model.Results A significant difference was observed in the concentration of PTEs between fruits as well as soil and water samples collected from different regions in Markazi Province.The order of PTE concentration in the soil and water samples was as follows:Pb>As>Hg>Cd.Furthermore,the highest level of transfer factor for Cd and Hg correlated with the grape.The estimated daily intake for adults and children was lower than the recommended tolerable daily intake.Conclusion The population in Markazi Province,Iran,is not at considerable noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic risk due to the ingestion of PTEs through the consumption of the examined fruits.
文摘【目的】评估7种新烟碱类杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性和生态风险,为科学使用新烟碱类杀虫剂和保护七星瓢虫提供参考。【方法】采用试管药膜法,在室内测定了10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂(WP)、40%啶虫脒可溶粉剂(SP)、50%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%噻虫胺水分散粒剂(WG)、40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂(WG)、17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂(SL)和25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂(WG)7种新烟碱杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫的急性毒性,并进行了生态风险评估。将7种杀虫剂分别用生产田间最大推荐用量配制成溶液,在温室内采用盆栽法实施喷雾,调查七星瓢虫幼虫的存活率。【结果】室内实验结果表明,7种新烟碱类杀虫剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫的急性毒性由高到低依次为:40%啶虫脒SP>40%氯噻啉WG>10%吡虫啉WP>50%呋虫胺WP>50%噻虫胺WG>25%噻虫嗪WG>17%氟吡呋喃酮SL。盆栽试验表明,在田间最大推荐用量下,施药后7 d时的七星瓢虫幼虫存活率为10.00%~77.50%,其中施用25%噻虫嗪WG的处理中幼虫存活率最高,施用40%氯噻啉WG的处理中幼虫存活率最低。风险评估结果表明,在单次用药下,除40%啶虫脒SP的农田内危害熵值(hazard quotient in field,HQ_(in))大于5,风险不可接受,其他药剂的HQ_(in)均小于5,风险均可接受;7种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的农田外农作物或蔬菜田场景危害熵值(hazard quotient off crop or vegetable,HQ_(off crop or vegetable))和农田外果园场景危害熵值(hazard quotient off fruit tree,HQ_(off fruit tree))均大于5,风险均可接受。间隔7 d再次用药后,40%啶虫脒SP和50%呋虫胺WP的HQ in大于5,风险不可接受,其他5种药剂的HQ in均小于5,风险可接受;而除了40%啶虫脒SP外,其他药剂对七星瓢虫的HQ_(off crop or vegetable)和HQ_(off fruit tree)均小于5,风险均可接受。【结论】为避免对七星瓢虫造成危害,建议在生产上啶虫脒和呋虫胺不要连续使用两次,应轮换使用药剂。
