Large-scale data emerge in food safety inspection and testing industry with the development of Internet technology in China.This paper was aimed at designing toxic and hazardous substance big data risk analysis algori...Large-scale data emerge in food safety inspection and testing industry with the development of Internet technology in China.This paper was aimed at designing toxic and hazardous substance big data risk analysis algorithm in food safety inspection and testing based on cloud computing^([1]).Cloud computing platform was set up to store the massive extensive data with geographical distribution,dynamic and high complexity from the Internet,and MapReduce^([2]) computational framework in cloud computing was applied to process and compute parallel data.The risk analysis results were obtained by analyzing 1000000 meat products testing data collected from the laboratory management information system based on web.The results show that food safety index IFS < 1,which proves that the food safety state is in good condition.展开更多
To meet the growing emission of water contaminants,the development of new materials that enhance the efficiency of the water treatment system is urgent.Ordered mesoporous materials provide opportunities in environment...To meet the growing emission of water contaminants,the development of new materials that enhance the efficiency of the water treatment system is urgent.Ordered mesoporous materials provide opportunities in environmental processing applications due to their exceptionally high surface areas,large pore sizes,and enough pore volumes.These properties might enhance the performance of materials concerning adsorption/catalysis capability,durability,and stability.In this review,we enumerate the ordered mesoporous materials as adsorbents/catalysts and their modifications in water pollution treatment from the past decade,including heavy metals(Hg^(2+),Pb^(2+),Cd^(2+),Cr^(6+),etc.),toxic anions(nitrate,phosphate,fluoride,etc.),and organic contaminants(organic dyes,antibiotics,etc.).These contributions demonstrate a deep understanding of the synergistic effect between the incorporated framework and homogeneous active centers.Besides,the challenges and perspectives of the future developments of ordered mesoporous materials in wastewater treatment are proposed.This work provides a theoretical basis and complete summary for the application of ordered mesoporous materials in the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions.展开更多
To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin(NURB),we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body.A Healt...To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin(NURB),we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body.A Health risk assessment(HRA)model was employed to analyze 84 water samples from the NURB.The detection results revealed the following order of heavy metals concentrations:Fe>Al>Mn>Zn>As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cu>Hg.Correlation analysis indicated a certain similarity in material source and migration transformation among these eleven metal elements.Our study identified that the health risks for local residents exposed to metal elements in the water of NURB primarily stem from carcinogenic risk(10^(−6)–10^(−4)a^(−1))through the drinking water pathway.Moreover,the health risk of heavy metal exposure for children through drinking water was notably higher than for adults.The maximum health risks of Cr in both underground and surface water exceeded the recommendation standard(5.0×10^(−5)a^(−1))from ICRP,surpassing the values recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society(5.0×10^(−6)a^(−1)).The results of the health risk assessment indicate that Cr in the water of NURB is the primary source of carcinogenic risk for local residents,followed by Cd and As.Consequently,it is imperative to control these three carcinogenic metals when the water was used as drinking water resource.展开更多
This is a study of visualization of positive data of by Positive Modified Quadratic Shepard (PMQS) method. This data visualization tool was implemented successfully in MATLAB using both recorded pollutants levels and ...This is a study of visualization of positive data of by Positive Modified Quadratic Shepard (PMQS) method. This data visualization tool was implemented successfully in MATLAB using both recorded pollutants levels and geological coordinates of data acquisition points located in different localities of the metropolitan. These points were located in/around the potential air emissions sources like vehicular transport, industrial sector and residential sector dispersed all around the city Field measurements were carried for 12 hour (day time) at eight points each. An online VOC analyzer was used during field campaign to collect data of hazardous organic pollutants like benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene (BTEX). Constant concentration curves were generated in form of contour plots showing latitude, longitude and spatial distribution of recorded atmospheric pollutants.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate hazard assessment on heavy metal pollution in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan. [Method] The average content and accumulation status of heavy metals includ...[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate hazard assessment on heavy metal pollution in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan. [Method] The average content and accumulation status of heavy metals including Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan was collected. Taking the highest global background value of heavy metals in sediments before modern industrialization and the first-class natural background value of Soil Environment Quality Standard in China as the reference value respectively,the accumulation or ecological hazard coefficient and the ecological hazard index of heavy metals in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan were assessed by potential ecological risk index. [Result] The pollution level with two kinds of background values as the reference value was similar,while Cd and Pb were main heavy metals which had potential impact on ecological environmental in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan. [Conclusion] The potential risk level of heavy metals in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan belongs to the slight-medium pollution level,and the heavy metal with potential risk is mainly Cd.展开更多
Quick, simple to perform, and cheap biomarkers were combined in a rapid assessment approach to measure the effects of metal pollutants, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in meadow burozem on wheat. Analysis of orthogonal design showe...Quick, simple to perform, and cheap biomarkers were combined in a rapid assessment approach to measure the effects of metal pollutants, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in meadow burozem on wheat. Analysis of orthogonal design showed that the significant zinc factor indicated both the inhibition rate of shoot mass and that of root elongation were affected by zinc(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The first toxicity canonical variable (TOXI), formed from the toxicity data set, explained 49% of the total variance in the toxicity data set; the first biological canonical variable(BIOL) explained 42% of the total variation in the biological data set. The correlation between the first canonical variables TOXI and BIOL (canonical correlation) was 0.94 (P<0.0001). Therefore, it is reliable and feasible to use the achievement to assess toxicity of heavy metal combined polluted soil using canonical analysis. Toxicity of soil combined polluted by heavy metals to plant community was estimated by comparing the IC 50 values describing the concentration needed to cause 50% decrease with grow rate compared to no metal addition. Environmental quality standard for soils prescribe that all these tested concentration of heavy metals in soil should not cause hazard and pollution ultimately, whereas it indicated that the soils in second grade cause more or less than 50% inhibition rates of wheat growth. So environmental quality standard for soils can be modified to include other features.展开更多
This paper summarizes the major environmental and ecotoxicological processes of heavy metals pollution from Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province based on various findings in the Cooperative Ecological Research Proje...This paper summarizes the major environmental and ecotoxicological processes of heavy metals pollution from Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province based on various findings in the Cooperative Ecological Research Project (CERP; Tang, 1994). It shows the knowledge necessary to elucidate metal pollution and its ecological implications. Processes devoted to the ecological implication include generation of acid mine drainage, formation of secondary minerals from precipitation, temporal and spatial distribution of metal pollutants in sediments and relevant toxicity, as well as ecosystem alternation which may relate to chemical pollution.\; From the results, it was stated that the major emphasis should be placed on the environmental processes associated with sediment pollution by heavy metals. It shows that ad/desorption on the inorganic minerals, such as Fe/Al oxyhydroxides, play an important role in the immobilization of heavy metals in this river. There were clear indications that metal pollution has resulted in the toxicological and ecological consequences and there would be the risk of secondary pollution in the way of mobilization of bound metals to the overlying water when environmental conditions are varied.展开更多
The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compa...The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compared with those of developed counterparts (e.g. US, EU, Japan). Currently, while the legal framework on POPs management, which complies with international guidelines has been established, it should be improved in the areas of special POPs management, risk assessment, the precautionary principle, life-cycle management and technical support capacity. The analysis of Chinese POPs policy and suggestions for strengthening the science-based decision making capacity are not only useful for Chinese decision-makers, but also a case study for developing world and make a great contribution for the global elimination of POPs to make a toxic-free future.展开更多
A puff model for the dispersion of material from fugitive hazardous emissions is presented. For vertical diffusion the model is based on general techniques for solving time dependent advection-diffusion equation: the ...A puff model for the dispersion of material from fugitive hazardous emissions is presented. For vertical diffusion the model is based on general techniques for solving time dependent advection-diffusion equation: the ADMM (Advection Diffusion Multilayer Method) and GILTT (Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique) techniques. Both approaches accept wind and eddy diffusion coefficients with any restriction in their height functions. Comparisons between values predicted by the models against experimental ground-level concentrations (from Copenhagen data set) are shown. The preliminary results confirm the applicability of the approaches proposed and are promising for future work.展开更多
Land, surface waters, and ground water worldwide, are increasingly affected by contaminations from industrial, research experiments, military, and agricultural activities either due to ignorance, lack of vision, carel...Land, surface waters, and ground water worldwide, are increasingly affected by contaminations from industrial, research experiments, military, and agricultural activities either due to ignorance, lack of vision, carelessness, or high cost of waste disposal and treatment. The rapid build-up of toxic pollutants (metals, radionuclide, and organic contaminants in soil, surface water, and ground water) not only affects natural resources, but also causes major strains on ecosystems. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve environmental contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. This green technology that involved “tolerant plants” has been utilized to clean up soil and ground water from heavy metals and other toxic organic compounds. Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix to remove environmental contaminants by facilitating sequestration and/or degradation (detoxification) of the pollutants. Plants are unique organisms equipped with remarkable metabolic and absorption capabilities, as well as transport systems that can take up nutrients or contaminants selectively from the growth matrix, soil or water. As extensive as these benefits are, the costs of using plants along with other concerns like climatic restrictions that may limit growing of plants and slow speed in comparison with conventional methods (i.e., physical and chemical treatment) for bioremediation must be considered carefully. While the benefits of using phytoremediation to restore balance to a stressed environment seem to far outweigh the cost, the largest barrier to the advancement of phytoremediation could be the public opposition. The long-term implication of green plant technology in removing or sequestering environmental contaminations must be addressed thoroughly. As with all new technology, it is important to proceed with caution.展开更多
This paper deals briefly with the pollution caused by hazardous wastes in China, the hazardous waste management at present and the strategy that should be taken for hazardous waste management in the future. Hazardous ...This paper deals briefly with the pollution caused by hazardous wastes in China, the hazardous waste management at present and the strategy that should be taken for hazardous waste management in the future. Hazardous waste problem has become one of the important environmental concerns in China. Hazardous waste have resulted in ecological and environmental destruction, caused damage to human health, and restricted economic development. Although a great effort has been devoted to the management of hazardous wastes, there remain many issues in legislation, experience, technology and finance to be solved. Some recommendations are made on the strategic measures for improving the hazardous waste management in China, particularly relating to legislation, technical development and international cooperation.展开更多
Potassium chlorate( KClO_3),as regulation medicament for longan production period,has been widely used in industrial application and enters the global ecological and environmental system. Its strong oxidation leads to...Potassium chlorate( KClO_3),as regulation medicament for longan production period,has been widely used in industrial application and enters the global ecological and environmental system. Its strong oxidation leads to certain pollution to ecological environment. In recent years,researches about ecological toxicity of KClO_3 have realized considerable progress,so it is necessary to make proper summarization. This paper makes an overview of researches about ecological toxicity of KClO_3 to land plants,longan,aquatic organism,animals,and human beings. Finally,it comes up with recommendations and prospects including further studying precise detection and degradation technologies for strong oxidation ClO_3^-and its residue,strengthening biological monitoring and recovery technology of KClO_3,and implementing wide science popularization.展开更多
The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is well known for its ability to degrade toxic pollutants owing to its efficient extracellular ligninase system. However, biomass growth and enzyme secretion in presenc...The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is well known for its ability to degrade toxic pollutants owing to its efficient extracellular ligninase system. However, biomass growth and enzyme secretion in presence of toxic pollutant is not well understood. In the present study, using the model azo dye Direct Red-80, biomass growth and lignin peroxidase secretion by the fungus was studied during its degradation and a stochastic based model was applied to simulate the behavior of the fungus. Also, glucose concentration in the medium was varied in order to observe its effect on the dye degradation. Results revealed that glucose at an optimum concentration of 10 gL-1 is essential for biomass growth, LiP secretion, as well as the dye decolourization. Modeling the behavior of the fungus with the presence of both glucose and dye has shown significant similarity.展开更多
Soil potentially hazardous metal(PHM)is continually attracting public attention worldwide,due to its highly toxic properties and potentially huge damage to human being through food chain.Phytoremediation is an effecti...Soil potentially hazardous metal(PHM)is continually attracting public attention worldwide,due to its highly toxic properties and potentially huge damage to human being through food chain.Phytoremediation is an effective and eco-friendly way in remediation technology.A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different organic materials(biogas residue(BR),mushroom residue(MR),and bamboo-shoot shell(BS))application on phytoremediation of two PHM-contaminated soils(Fuyang soil as‘heavily-polluted soil’and Wenzhou soil as‘moderately-polluted soil’,respectively)by Sedum alfrecdii Hance.The results indicated:1)for moderately-polluted soil,the 5%BR treatment had the strongest activation to Cu and Zn,for heavily-polluted soil,1%BS treatment had the highest activation effect for Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd.2)the above-ground biomass of Sedum alfredii Hance increased with the addition rate of organic materials.3)for Cd uptake of Sedum alfredii Hance in moderately-polluted soil,only 1%BS treatment had a better accumulation effect,compared to the control,for Zn element,MR treatments were weaker than the control,while other treatments were better than the control,of which 5%BR,1%BS and 5%BS accumulated more Zn element by 39.6%,32.6%and 23.8%,respectively;in heavily-polluted soil,the treatments of 5%BS,1%BR and 5%BR accumulated more Cd than the control by 12.9%,12.8%and 6.2%,respectively,the treatments with organic materials addition promoted Zn accumulation in shoots of Sedum alfredii Hance,and the best treatment was 5%BS.Therefore,an appropriate application rate of BS and BR could improve the remediation efficiency for Zn/Cd contaminated soils by Sedum alfredii Hance.展开更多
The problem investigated in this research is about the potential risk of technological hazards, which poses a perilous threat to humankind and the environment. Rapid urbanization has been increasing the population den...The problem investigated in this research is about the potential risk of technological hazards, which poses a perilous threat to humankind and the environment. Rapid urbanization has been increasing the population density in an area, elevating the risk of exposure to technological disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the areas with higher chemical risk to spread awareness about the potential risk zones and reduce actual damage and casualties resulting from the hazardous substance events. The basic design of the study utilizes geospatial analysis to map the TRI (Toxics Release Inventory) facilities in the communities of Texas to establish a relationship between potential </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">hazardous material release zones and the human population at risk. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> study identified the vulnerable counties as well as investigated how those risk areas are related to race/ethnicity, income and education. The research would contribute to the policymakers acting on the hazard situation and keep them better prepared for</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">chemical hazards. In addition, it would help the residents and emergency managers to better understand the circumstance to mitigate the consequences as well as increase their awareness to be ready for the uncertainties in the hotspots involved in high risk of the hazards.展开更多
Agricultural environmental pollution emergencies have become a hot research topic because of the high incidence and influence depth.This paper introduces classification and features of agricultural environmental pollu...Agricultural environmental pollution emergencies have become a hot research topic because of the high incidence and influence depth.This paper introduces classification and features of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies:by pollutant type,it falls into organic pollution emergencies and inorganic pollution emergencies;by the approach of entering agricultural environment,it falls into water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies and non-water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies.Hazards of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies are analyzed from 4 perspectives:personal security,indirect loss,ecological environment and social stability.In view of the hazards,countermeasures are given to deal with the pollution emergencies as(i)establishing a risk evaluation mechanism for agricultural environment;(ii)enhancing the capacity of handling agricultural environmental pollution emergencies;(iii)introducing new management concepts for environmental emergencies,and cultivating keen emergency management consciousness.展开更多
A comprehensive evaluation method is proposed to analyze dust pollution generated in the production process of mines.The method employs an optimized image-processing and deep learning framework to characterize the gra...A comprehensive evaluation method is proposed to analyze dust pollution generated in the production process of mines.The method employs an optimized image-processing and deep learning framework to characterize the gray and fractal features in dust images.The research reveals both linear and logarithmic correlations between the gray features,fractal dimension,and dust mass,while employing Chauvenel criteria and arithmetic averaging to minimize data discreteness.An integrated hazardous index is developed,including a logarithmic correlation between the index and dust mass,and a four-category dataset is subsequently prepared for the deep learning framework.Based on the range of the hazardous index,the dust images are divided into four categories.Subsequently,a dust risk classifcation system is established using the deep learning model,which exhibits a high degree of performance after the training process.Notably,the model achieves a testing accuracy of 95.3%,indicating its efectiveness in classifying diferent levels of dust pollution,and the precision,recall,and F1-score of the system confrm its reliability in analyzing dust pollution.Overall,the proposed method provides a reliable and efcient way to monitor and analyze dust pollution in mines.展开更多
The Nigerian coastline which stretches about 853 km has four distinct morphological zones namely, Barrier Lagoon, Mahin Mud coast, Niger Delta and Strand coast. Nigeria’s coastal zone is richly blessed with various n...The Nigerian coastline which stretches about 853 km has four distinct morphological zones namely, Barrier Lagoon, Mahin Mud coast, Niger Delta and Strand coast. Nigeria’s coastal zone is richly blessed with various natural resources like oil, gas, fish, sand etc., which are presently being exploited for economic development. Coastal populations have increased erratically from about 20% of the National population in 1993 to approximately 51,037,122 m (30% of the national population) in 2011. Development of coastal areas in Nigeria is accelerating and user conflicts are increasing. Both natural and anthropogenic activities in the coastal zone are leading to coastal hazards and eventual rapid degradation of the area. Significant coastal hazards include coastal erosion, storm surges, floods, land subsidence, pollution, especially oil spills and possibly seismicity, which could lead to earthquakes and tsunamis. These hazards are leading to disasters and effecting the socio-economic sustainability of the coastal area.展开更多
BEIJING'S winter of 2011 has been a bad time for Guo Changyan. As a frail girl, who often falls ill, the capital's serious air pollution is playing havoc on her health. "I have been coughing since the beginning of ...BEIJING'S winter of 2011 has been a bad time for Guo Changyan. As a frail girl, who often falls ill, the capital's serious air pollution is playing havoc on her health. "I have been coughing since the beginning of the hazy weather, but have to work outside every day even though I know long-term exposure to the pollution will exacerbate my cough," Guo, an employee of a non-profit organization in Beijing, told ChinAfrica.展开更多
This paper investigated the complex relationship between climate change and security in Lamu County, with focus on community perceptions, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. The study utilized a participatory ...This paper investigated the complex relationship between climate change and security in Lamu County, with focus on community perceptions, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. The study utilized a participatory approach involving Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather insights from diverse community members. Results revealed a growing recognition of climate change as a significant factor amplifying security risks, including resource-based conflicts, food and water insecurity, pest and disease outbreaks, and rising sea levels. The analysis of historical climate data indicated shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, exacerbating these hazards. Furthermore, it underscores the need to mainstream climate change actions across various sectors for sustainable development and human security. Lamu County in Kenya faces a myriad of security challenges stemming from climate change, with the community perceiving droughts, pests, diseases, and conflicts as prominent hazards. These climatic impacts have led to crop failures, livestock losses, water scarcity, property damage, displacement, and instability. Local adaptation strategies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness, highlighting the need for community-specific and sustainable solutions. The study identified local adaptation strategies and emphasized the importance of early warning systems, informed decision-making, and mainstreaming climate change actions across sectors to enhance human security and sustainable development. However, it also acknowledges limitations in community participation and suggests future research avenues to ensure the inclusion of marginalized voices in such studies.展开更多
文摘Large-scale data emerge in food safety inspection and testing industry with the development of Internet technology in China.This paper was aimed at designing toxic and hazardous substance big data risk analysis algorithm in food safety inspection and testing based on cloud computing^([1]).Cloud computing platform was set up to store the massive extensive data with geographical distribution,dynamic and high complexity from the Internet,and MapReduce^([2]) computational framework in cloud computing was applied to process and compute parallel data.The risk analysis results were obtained by analyzing 1000000 meat products testing data collected from the laboratory management information system based on web.The results show that food safety index IFS < 1,which proves that the food safety state is in good condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52370041)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976134 and 21707104)State Key Laboratory of Pollution treatment and Resource Reuse Foundation(NO.PCRRK21001).
文摘To meet the growing emission of water contaminants,the development of new materials that enhance the efficiency of the water treatment system is urgent.Ordered mesoporous materials provide opportunities in environmental processing applications due to their exceptionally high surface areas,large pore sizes,and enough pore volumes.These properties might enhance the performance of materials concerning adsorption/catalysis capability,durability,and stability.In this review,we enumerate the ordered mesoporous materials as adsorbents/catalysts and their modifications in water pollution treatment from the past decade,including heavy metals(Hg^(2+),Pb^(2+),Cd^(2+),Cr^(6+),etc.),toxic anions(nitrate,phosphate,fluoride,etc.),and organic contaminants(organic dyes,antibiotics,etc.).These contributions demonstrate a deep understanding of the synergistic effect between the incorporated framework and homogeneous active centers.Besides,the challenges and perspectives of the future developments of ordered mesoporous materials in wastewater treatment are proposed.This work provides a theoretical basis and complete summary for the application of ordered mesoporous materials in the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions.
基金supported from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1302901)the Key Laboratory Construction Project of Guangxi(No.19-185-7)the Foundation for Hebei Education Department(No.2022QNJS05).
文摘To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin(NURB),we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body.A Health risk assessment(HRA)model was employed to analyze 84 water samples from the NURB.The detection results revealed the following order of heavy metals concentrations:Fe>Al>Mn>Zn>As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cu>Hg.Correlation analysis indicated a certain similarity in material source and migration transformation among these eleven metal elements.Our study identified that the health risks for local residents exposed to metal elements in the water of NURB primarily stem from carcinogenic risk(10^(−6)–10^(−4)a^(−1))through the drinking water pathway.Moreover,the health risk of heavy metal exposure for children through drinking water was notably higher than for adults.The maximum health risks of Cr in both underground and surface water exceeded the recommendation standard(5.0×10^(−5)a^(−1))from ICRP,surpassing the values recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society(5.0×10^(−6)a^(−1)).The results of the health risk assessment indicate that Cr in the water of NURB is the primary source of carcinogenic risk for local residents,followed by Cd and As.Consequently,it is imperative to control these three carcinogenic metals when the water was used as drinking water resource.
文摘This is a study of visualization of positive data of by Positive Modified Quadratic Shepard (PMQS) method. This data visualization tool was implemented successfully in MATLAB using both recorded pollutants levels and geological coordinates of data acquisition points located in different localities of the metropolitan. These points were located in/around the potential air emissions sources like vehicular transport, industrial sector and residential sector dispersed all around the city Field measurements were carried for 12 hour (day time) at eight points each. An online VOC analyzer was used during field campaign to collect data of hazardous organic pollutants like benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene (BTEX). Constant concentration curves were generated in form of contour plots showing latitude, longitude and spatial distribution of recorded atmospheric pollutants.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation in Hainan(40879 )Project by Hainan Education Department ( HJKJ2010-28)+1 种基金Scientific Research Initial Fund for Returned Students by Ministry of EducationJoint Project of Key Subjects with "Cartology &Geographic Information System" and "Natural Geography" by Hainan Normal University~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate hazard assessment on heavy metal pollution in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan. [Method] The average content and accumulation status of heavy metals including Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan was collected. Taking the highest global background value of heavy metals in sediments before modern industrialization and the first-class natural background value of Soil Environment Quality Standard in China as the reference value respectively,the accumulation or ecological hazard coefficient and the ecological hazard index of heavy metals in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan were assessed by potential ecological risk index. [Result] The pollution level with two kinds of background values as the reference value was similar,while Cd and Pb were main heavy metals which had potential impact on ecological environmental in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan. [Conclusion] The potential risk level of heavy metals in surface soil from tea gardens of Wuzhishan belongs to the slight-medium pollution level,and the heavy metal with potential risk is mainly Cd.
文摘Quick, simple to perform, and cheap biomarkers were combined in a rapid assessment approach to measure the effects of metal pollutants, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in meadow burozem on wheat. Analysis of orthogonal design showed that the significant zinc factor indicated both the inhibition rate of shoot mass and that of root elongation were affected by zinc(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The first toxicity canonical variable (TOXI), formed from the toxicity data set, explained 49% of the total variance in the toxicity data set; the first biological canonical variable(BIOL) explained 42% of the total variation in the biological data set. The correlation between the first canonical variables TOXI and BIOL (canonical correlation) was 0.94 (P<0.0001). Therefore, it is reliable and feasible to use the achievement to assess toxicity of heavy metal combined polluted soil using canonical analysis. Toxicity of soil combined polluted by heavy metals to plant community was estimated by comparing the IC 50 values describing the concentration needed to cause 50% decrease with grow rate compared to no metal addition. Environmental quality standard for soils prescribe that all these tested concentration of heavy metals in soil should not cause hazard and pollution ultimately, whereas it indicated that the soils in second grade cause more or less than 50% inhibition rates of wheat growth. So environmental quality standard for soils can be modified to include other features.
文摘This paper summarizes the major environmental and ecotoxicological processes of heavy metals pollution from Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province based on various findings in the Cooperative Ecological Research Project (CERP; Tang, 1994). It shows the knowledge necessary to elucidate metal pollution and its ecological implications. Processes devoted to the ecological implication include generation of acid mine drainage, formation of secondary minerals from precipitation, temporal and spatial distribution of metal pollutants in sediments and relevant toxicity, as well as ecosystem alternation which may relate to chemical pollution.\; From the results, it was stated that the major emphasis should be placed on the environmental processes associated with sediment pollution by heavy metals. It shows that ad/desorption on the inorganic minerals, such as Fe/Al oxyhydroxides, play an important role in the immobilization of heavy metals in this river. There were clear indications that metal pollution has resulted in the toxicological and ecological consequences and there would be the risk of secondary pollution in the way of mobilization of bound metals to the overlying water when environmental conditions are varied.
文摘The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compared with those of developed counterparts (e.g. US, EU, Japan). Currently, while the legal framework on POPs management, which complies with international guidelines has been established, it should be improved in the areas of special POPs management, risk assessment, the precautionary principle, life-cycle management and technical support capacity. The analysis of Chinese POPs policy and suggestions for strengthening the science-based decision making capacity are not only useful for Chinese decision-makers, but also a case study for developing world and make a great contribution for the global elimination of POPs to make a toxic-free future.
文摘A puff model for the dispersion of material from fugitive hazardous emissions is presented. For vertical diffusion the model is based on general techniques for solving time dependent advection-diffusion equation: the ADMM (Advection Diffusion Multilayer Method) and GILTT (Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique) techniques. Both approaches accept wind and eddy diffusion coefficients with any restriction in their height functions. Comparisons between values predicted by the models against experimental ground-level concentrations (from Copenhagen data set) are shown. The preliminary results confirm the applicability of the approaches proposed and are promising for future work.
文摘Land, surface waters, and ground water worldwide, are increasingly affected by contaminations from industrial, research experiments, military, and agricultural activities either due to ignorance, lack of vision, carelessness, or high cost of waste disposal and treatment. The rapid build-up of toxic pollutants (metals, radionuclide, and organic contaminants in soil, surface water, and ground water) not only affects natural resources, but also causes major strains on ecosystems. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve environmental contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. This green technology that involved “tolerant plants” has been utilized to clean up soil and ground water from heavy metals and other toxic organic compounds. Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix to remove environmental contaminants by facilitating sequestration and/or degradation (detoxification) of the pollutants. Plants are unique organisms equipped with remarkable metabolic and absorption capabilities, as well as transport systems that can take up nutrients or contaminants selectively from the growth matrix, soil or water. As extensive as these benefits are, the costs of using plants along with other concerns like climatic restrictions that may limit growing of plants and slow speed in comparison with conventional methods (i.e., physical and chemical treatment) for bioremediation must be considered carefully. While the benefits of using phytoremediation to restore balance to a stressed environment seem to far outweigh the cost, the largest barrier to the advancement of phytoremediation could be the public opposition. The long-term implication of green plant technology in removing or sequestering environmental contaminations must be addressed thoroughly. As with all new technology, it is important to proceed with caution.
文摘This paper deals briefly with the pollution caused by hazardous wastes in China, the hazardous waste management at present and the strategy that should be taken for hazardous waste management in the future. Hazardous waste problem has become one of the important environmental concerns in China. Hazardous waste have resulted in ecological and environmental destruction, caused damage to human health, and restricted economic development. Although a great effort has been devoted to the management of hazardous wastes, there remain many issues in legislation, experience, technology and finance to be solved. Some recommendations are made on the strategic measures for improving the hazardous waste management in China, particularly relating to legislation, technical development and international cooperation.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2015A020224006)
文摘Potassium chlorate( KClO_3),as regulation medicament for longan production period,has been widely used in industrial application and enters the global ecological and environmental system. Its strong oxidation leads to certain pollution to ecological environment. In recent years,researches about ecological toxicity of KClO_3 have realized considerable progress,so it is necessary to make proper summarization. This paper makes an overview of researches about ecological toxicity of KClO_3 to land plants,longan,aquatic organism,animals,and human beings. Finally,it comes up with recommendations and prospects including further studying precise detection and degradation technologies for strong oxidation ClO_3^-and its residue,strengthening biological monitoring and recovery technology of KClO_3,and implementing wide science popularization.
文摘The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is well known for its ability to degrade toxic pollutants owing to its efficient extracellular ligninase system. However, biomass growth and enzyme secretion in presence of toxic pollutant is not well understood. In the present study, using the model azo dye Direct Red-80, biomass growth and lignin peroxidase secretion by the fungus was studied during its degradation and a stochastic based model was applied to simulate the behavior of the fungus. Also, glucose concentration in the medium was varied in order to observe its effect on the dye degradation. Results revealed that glucose at an optimum concentration of 10 gL-1 is essential for biomass growth, LiP secretion, as well as the dye decolourization. Modeling the behavior of the fungus with the presence of both glucose and dye has shown significant similarity.
基金the National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110341014).
文摘Soil potentially hazardous metal(PHM)is continually attracting public attention worldwide,due to its highly toxic properties and potentially huge damage to human being through food chain.Phytoremediation is an effective and eco-friendly way in remediation technology.A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different organic materials(biogas residue(BR),mushroom residue(MR),and bamboo-shoot shell(BS))application on phytoremediation of two PHM-contaminated soils(Fuyang soil as‘heavily-polluted soil’and Wenzhou soil as‘moderately-polluted soil’,respectively)by Sedum alfrecdii Hance.The results indicated:1)for moderately-polluted soil,the 5%BR treatment had the strongest activation to Cu and Zn,for heavily-polluted soil,1%BS treatment had the highest activation effect for Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd.2)the above-ground biomass of Sedum alfredii Hance increased with the addition rate of organic materials.3)for Cd uptake of Sedum alfredii Hance in moderately-polluted soil,only 1%BS treatment had a better accumulation effect,compared to the control,for Zn element,MR treatments were weaker than the control,while other treatments were better than the control,of which 5%BR,1%BS and 5%BS accumulated more Zn element by 39.6%,32.6%and 23.8%,respectively;in heavily-polluted soil,the treatments of 5%BS,1%BR and 5%BR accumulated more Cd than the control by 12.9%,12.8%and 6.2%,respectively,the treatments with organic materials addition promoted Zn accumulation in shoots of Sedum alfredii Hance,and the best treatment was 5%BS.Therefore,an appropriate application rate of BS and BR could improve the remediation efficiency for Zn/Cd contaminated soils by Sedum alfredii Hance.
文摘The problem investigated in this research is about the potential risk of technological hazards, which poses a perilous threat to humankind and the environment. Rapid urbanization has been increasing the population density in an area, elevating the risk of exposure to technological disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the areas with higher chemical risk to spread awareness about the potential risk zones and reduce actual damage and casualties resulting from the hazardous substance events. The basic design of the study utilizes geospatial analysis to map the TRI (Toxics Release Inventory) facilities in the communities of Texas to establish a relationship between potential </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">hazardous material release zones and the human population at risk. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> study identified the vulnerable counties as well as investigated how those risk areas are related to race/ethnicity, income and education. The research would contribute to the policymakers acting on the hazard situation and keep them better prepared for</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">chemical hazards. In addition, it would help the residents and emergency managers to better understand the circumstance to mitigate the consequences as well as increase their awareness to be ready for the uncertainties in the hotspots involved in high risk of the hazards.
基金Supported by Humanities and Social Science Fund of Henan Provincial Department of Education(2013-QN-027)Doctoral Fund of Henan Polytechnic University(B2012-008)
文摘Agricultural environmental pollution emergencies have become a hot research topic because of the high incidence and influence depth.This paper introduces classification and features of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies:by pollutant type,it falls into organic pollution emergencies and inorganic pollution emergencies;by the approach of entering agricultural environment,it falls into water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies and non-water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies.Hazards of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies are analyzed from 4 perspectives:personal security,indirect loss,ecological environment and social stability.In view of the hazards,countermeasures are given to deal with the pollution emergencies as(i)establishing a risk evaluation mechanism for agricultural environment;(ii)enhancing the capacity of handling agricultural environmental pollution emergencies;(iii)introducing new management concepts for environmental emergencies,and cultivating keen emergency management consciousness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174099)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2021-KF-23-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2022ZZTS0510).
文摘A comprehensive evaluation method is proposed to analyze dust pollution generated in the production process of mines.The method employs an optimized image-processing and deep learning framework to characterize the gray and fractal features in dust images.The research reveals both linear and logarithmic correlations between the gray features,fractal dimension,and dust mass,while employing Chauvenel criteria and arithmetic averaging to minimize data discreteness.An integrated hazardous index is developed,including a logarithmic correlation between the index and dust mass,and a four-category dataset is subsequently prepared for the deep learning framework.Based on the range of the hazardous index,the dust images are divided into four categories.Subsequently,a dust risk classifcation system is established using the deep learning model,which exhibits a high degree of performance after the training process.Notably,the model achieves a testing accuracy of 95.3%,indicating its efectiveness in classifying diferent levels of dust pollution,and the precision,recall,and F1-score of the system confrm its reliability in analyzing dust pollution.Overall,the proposed method provides a reliable and efcient way to monitor and analyze dust pollution in mines.
文摘The Nigerian coastline which stretches about 853 km has four distinct morphological zones namely, Barrier Lagoon, Mahin Mud coast, Niger Delta and Strand coast. Nigeria’s coastal zone is richly blessed with various natural resources like oil, gas, fish, sand etc., which are presently being exploited for economic development. Coastal populations have increased erratically from about 20% of the National population in 1993 to approximately 51,037,122 m (30% of the national population) in 2011. Development of coastal areas in Nigeria is accelerating and user conflicts are increasing. Both natural and anthropogenic activities in the coastal zone are leading to coastal hazards and eventual rapid degradation of the area. Significant coastal hazards include coastal erosion, storm surges, floods, land subsidence, pollution, especially oil spills and possibly seismicity, which could lead to earthquakes and tsunamis. These hazards are leading to disasters and effecting the socio-economic sustainability of the coastal area.
文摘BEIJING'S winter of 2011 has been a bad time for Guo Changyan. As a frail girl, who often falls ill, the capital's serious air pollution is playing havoc on her health. "I have been coughing since the beginning of the hazy weather, but have to work outside every day even though I know long-term exposure to the pollution will exacerbate my cough," Guo, an employee of a non-profit organization in Beijing, told ChinAfrica.
文摘This paper investigated the complex relationship between climate change and security in Lamu County, with focus on community perceptions, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. The study utilized a participatory approach involving Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather insights from diverse community members. Results revealed a growing recognition of climate change as a significant factor amplifying security risks, including resource-based conflicts, food and water insecurity, pest and disease outbreaks, and rising sea levels. The analysis of historical climate data indicated shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, exacerbating these hazards. Furthermore, it underscores the need to mainstream climate change actions across various sectors for sustainable development and human security. Lamu County in Kenya faces a myriad of security challenges stemming from climate change, with the community perceiving droughts, pests, diseases, and conflicts as prominent hazards. These climatic impacts have led to crop failures, livestock losses, water scarcity, property damage, displacement, and instability. Local adaptation strategies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness, highlighting the need for community-specific and sustainable solutions. The study identified local adaptation strategies and emphasized the importance of early warning systems, informed decision-making, and mainstreaming climate change actions across sectors to enhance human security and sustainable development. However, it also acknowledges limitations in community participation and suggests future research avenues to ensure the inclusion of marginalized voices in such studies.