Analysis of Toxicological Test Results of 580 Detergents

To evaluate the safety of detergents,the toxicological test results of 580 collected detergents were analyzed.The results showed that,in the acute oral toxicity test,94.4%and 5.6%of the samples were classified as non-toxic and toxic respectively.In skin irritation test,95.1%of the samples were mild irritation or below,and 4.9%were moderate irritation or above.In the vaginal mucosa irritation test,79.0%of the samples were very mild irritation or below,while 21.0%were mild irritation or above.In the acute inhalation toxicity test,the proportion of the samples classified as actually non-toxic and toxic were 87.9%and 12.1%respectively.In the eye irritation test,95.7%of the samples belonged to mild irritation or below,and 4.3%of the samples belonged to moderate irritation or above.The products at risk in category A,B and C products account for 6.3%,7.7%and 14.2%respectively.Of the 580 tested samples,90.9%were relatively safe,while 9.1%were at risk.These data showed that most of the tested samples meet the safety requirements for use.

Survival after pentobarbitone overdose confirmed through Prescription,Recreational and Illicit Substance Evaluation(PRISE)programme in Australia

Deaths caused by barbiturate overdoses have increased in the past decade,especially as a result of suicide attempts.Pentobarbitone is a central nervous system depressant used for sedation and euthanasia in veterinary medicine.However,pentobarbitone analysis is not commonly available in the hospital setting;hence,its occurrence in overdoses is under-reported.Herein we describe a patient who ingested pentobarbitone obtained from the Internet with the purpose of ending his life.He became comatose and required ventilation for 6 days.While critically ill,the drug and a barbiturate test kit were found in his room at his residence.Toxicological analysis of the patient’s blood determined the presence of pentobarbitone at levels of 91,56,and 19 mg/L at 11,59,and 107 h after ingestion,respectively.With supportive care,the patient made a full recovery.He stated that he believed the liquid was to be pentobarbitone,and that he had received advice on its use from an online forum that he had found on a dark web marketplace.In this report,we highlight the process by which we facilitated pentobarbitone analysis with a rapid turnaround time,which helped to inform clinical management and raise awareness among clinicians.The access was made through the Prescription,Recreational and Illicit Substance Evaluation(PRISE)programme,which is a collaborative network among the New South Wales(NSW)Ministry of Health,NSW Poisons Information Centre(PIC),and NSW Health Pathology Forensic&Analytical Science Service(FASS).

Effect of hypoglycemic anti-deafness capsules in diabetic patients with deafness and toxicological assessment in rats

OBJECTIVE:Through experiment on animals and clinical trials to explore the safety and efficacy of hypoglycemic anti-deafness capsules on diabetic patients with deafness.METHODS:Total 296 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM)were randomly divided into two groups.A treatment group of 164patients(208 ears)was treated with hypoglycemic anti-deafness capsules based onTCM syndrome differentiation.A control group of 132 patients(184ears)was treated with glibenclamide and conventional drug treatment for deafness.The following were observed:hearing,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 h postprandial plasma glucose(2hPG),24 h urine glucose(24hUG),improvement of main symptoms,platelet function,and changes in superoxidedismutase(SOD)and lipid peroxide(LPO)levels.In animal studies,Kunming mice,weighing 18-22 g were used.Half of the mice were males and half were females.Wistar rats,weighing 80-120 g were used.Half of the rats were males and half were females.Male Wistar rats,weighing 200-220 g,were also used.Their acute and chronic toxicity was studied.RESULTS:The hearing improvement was 56.7%in the treatment group and 26.6%in the control group.FPG,2hPG,and 24hUG were improved significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01,respectively)in the treatment group and 2hPG and 24hUG improved significantly in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.05).The improvement in 2hPG and 24hUG in the treatment group was significantly greater than that in the control group P<0.01).There was no significant difference in FPG between the two groups(P<0.05).Main symptoms in the treatment group were significantly more improved than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).In the treatment group,platelet adhesion and aggregation,SOD,and LPO were all significantly improved from before treatment(P<0.05,P<0.01).However,in the control group,except LOP(P<0.05),there were no significant differences from before treatment to after(P<0.05).In animal studies,no obvious acute or long-term toxicity was observed from capsule administration.CONCLUSION:Through experiment on animals and clinical trials,we can found that hypoglycemic anti-deafness capsules could decrease blood glucose and serum triglycerides of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.This herbal capsule is effective for safely treating diabetic patients with deafness.

A Novel Analytical Method of 1‑(3‑Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine and 1‑(3‑Chlorophenyl)piperazine in Fluids of Drug Addicts Using Liquid‑liquid Extraction–gas Chromatographic/Nitrogen–phosphorous Detection

In accordance with the research specifications and guidelines in China,we developed a novel experimental method to detect new piperazine‑type drugs,such as 1‑(3‑trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine and 1‑(3‑chlorophenyl)piperazine.In this study,a new pretreatment method and gas chromatography(GC)/nitrogen–phosphorus detector detection technique were used to characterize these two kinds of drugs in urine and blood samples.For the purpose of isolation of these trace drugs from the samples,liquid‑liquid extraction/solid‑phase extraction was modified and validated for this specific study.The pretreatment method presented in this paper has many advantages,such as high recovery rate,high extraction efficiency,high detection sensitivity,low limit of detection,and simple operation.The GC/NPD instrument is popular in most laboratories because it can meet the routine requirements of forensic science.All these aspects make this combination of sample pretreatment and GC/NPD technique the most suitable choice for drug detection in biological samples.