Changes of Serum Trace Elements, AFP, CEA, SF, T3, T4 and IGF-Ⅱ in Different Periods of Rat Liver Cancer

Objective: Based on liver cancer model built in SD rats, the contents of trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca and Mg), AFP, CEA, SF, TH and IGF-II in serum were measured at different stages to explore the molecular changes during the rat liver cancer development. Methods: The SD rat liver cancer model was built by using diethylnitrosamine (DENA) as the mutagen. During 16 weeks of DENA gavage, blood samples were taken in the 14th, 28th, 56th, 77th, 105th and 112th days respectively after the first day of gavage with DENA, then the contents of five trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca and Mg), T3, T4, IGF-II, AFP, CEA and SF in serum were determined. Results: During the development of the rat liver cancer, in the test group, the Cu content significantly increased in serum, while the contents of Fe, Zn and Ca significantly decreased. The content of Mg showed no significant change. AFP and CEA of the test group showed same expression level with the control group; while the content of SF was lower than that of the control group when cancerization appeared. T3 and T4 increased at the first stage and then went down, and the content of IGF-II was always high. Conclusion: Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, T3, T4, SF and IGF-II are closely related to the development of liver cancer. The changes of their contents in the development of cancer could enlighten the researches on cancer pathogenesis and prevention.

Plasma Concentrations of Some Trace Element and Heavy Metals in Patients with Metastatic Colon Cancer

Purpose: It is well known that trace elements and heavy metals play a significant role in human health and disease. These elements play an important role in different metabolic pathways of cells and tissues. Trace element deficiency or excess is implicated in the development or progression of some cancers. We present a study which investigates serum/ plasma levels of trace-heavy elements in metastatic colon cancer patients and healthy subjects. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 29 healthy subjects and 40 patients with metastatic colon cancer in Oncology Department of Medical School of Yuzuncu Yil University. In both groups, the serum levels of copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd) were determined. Results: Higher levels of Cu, Mg, Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn and Cd were seen in patients with metastatic colon cancer compared to healthy subjects and these findings were statistically significant (p 0.05). Se levels were noted to be lower in patients with colon cancer in comparison to healthy subjects and this finding was also statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusions: According to our findings there was significant diffence in trace elements and heavy metals levels between healthy subjects and metastatic colon cancer patients. Therefore heavy metal and trace elements may have prognostic significance in complex disorders including colon cancer. However, further comprehensive studies are needed in order to advance our understanding of the relationship between heavy metal and trace elements and their role in cancers.

The Role of Serum Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of all cancers. Studies indicated that the levels of oxidative stress markers increased in breast cancer. Trace metals are essential to normal human homeostasis. When present in an abnormal expression, they contribute in many pathological processes. Some trace metals are claimed to be carcinogenic and capable of inducing a toxic effect through the formation of free radicles and acting as cofactors in the oxidative damage of biological macromolecules and DNA. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the serum levels of some trace elements (Copper, Zinc and Cadmium), the total oxidative and anti-oxidative capacity (TOC and TAC) in patients with breast cancer in comparison to patients with benign breast tumours. Patients and Methods: The present study included 65 females. The participates were divided into 2 main groups: control group which consisted of 20 apparently healthy female;the patient groups which divided into 3 groups: group B included 15 patients with benign breast tumours, group N consisted of 15 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and group M included 15 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Results: The mean serum levels of Copper, Zinc, and Cadmium were significantly higher in the three patients groups (B, N and M) than the control group. Similarly, serum uric acid (UA) and (TAC) levels showed significant higher level in both breast cancer groups as compared to the benign group. However TOC levels showed only significantly higher level in metastatic group. Conclusions: The present study suggested elevated TAC, UA and TOC in breast cancer patients. The increased levels of trace elements could lead to formation of free radicals or other reactive oxygen species. The serum profile of these trace metals may be helpful in predicting prognosis of breast cancer.

COMPARISON OF SERUM TRACE ELEMENT SPECTRUM BETWEEN LIVER CANCER PATIENTS AND HEALTHY ADULTS

The study of the relationship between trace element and health and disease has attracted more and more interests of scientists. As well known there exist complex interaction between the trace elements, and the trace elements and other substances, so the trace element research must be involved to the com-prehensive effect of multifactors, other than single element. We determined the contents of fifteen trace elements in serum from thirty patients with liver cancer and thirty healthy adults by ICP-AES analysis. The obtained data were analysed statistically by not only routine statistical test bat also multi-variate discrimination analysis, multi-variate stepwise regression and non-linear mapping algorithm. It is hoped that it can provide some valuable informations for investigation on relationship betwecn trace elements and cancer.

Using Prostatic Fluid Levels of Some Trace Elements and Their Combinations in Non-Invasive and Highly Accurate Screening for Prostate Cancer

Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer?(PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rapid, direct, preferably non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the screening for PCa. Method: The levels of trace elements (TE) Br, Fe, Rb, Sr,?and Zn were prospectively evaluated in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF). Also?Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, Zn/Sr concentration ratios as well as ZnRb and (ZnRb)/Fe concentration combinations were calculated for EPF samples, obtained from 38 apparently healthy males and from 33, 51, and 24 patients with chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and PCa, respectively. Measurements were performed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) microanalysis. Results: It was found that in the EPF of cancerous prostates the levels of Rb, Zn, Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Sr, ZnRb, and (ZnRb)/Fe were significantly lower in comparison with those in the EPF of normal, inflamed, and hyperplastic prostates. For example, in comparison hyperplastic?with cancerous prostates p values obtained using Student’s t-test and?Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test were Conclusions: The levels of TE and their combinations in EPF, obtained by EDXRF, is a fast, reliable, andnon-invasive diagnostic tool that can be successfully used by local, non- urologist physicians at the point-of-care to provide a highly effective PCa screening and as an additional confirmatory test before a prostate gland biopsy.

Significance of trace element quantities in the prostatic secretion of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Aim:Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer is an internationally important health problem of the man,particularly in developed countries.The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant difference in the levels of Zn and some other trace elements of prostatic fluid exist between the inflamed and malignantly transformed prostate.Methods:Prostatic fluid levels of Br,Fe,Rb,Sr,and Zn were prospectively evaluated in 52 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 24 patients with prostate cancer.Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis.Prostatic fluid samples were divided into two portions.One was used for cytological study to exclude prostatitis,while the other was intended for trace element analysis.Results:Mean values±standard error of means for concentration(mg/L)of trace element in the prostatic fluid of hyperplastic prostate were:Br 2.32±0.30,Fe 11.5±1.8,Rb 1.70±0.23,Sr 1.41±0.26,and Zn 488±42.The contents of Rb and Zn were significantly lower(approximately 3.2 and 7.7 times,respectively)in fluid of cancerous prostate compared with those in fluid of hyperplastic prostate.Conclusion:There are significant differences in trace element contents in the fluid of hyperplastic and malignantly transformed prostate.The great decrease in levels of Rb and Zn in the fluid of cancerous prostate might demonstrate ;an involvement of these trace elements in etiology and pathogenesis of malignant prostate tumors.It was supposed that the differences in Rb and Zn levels in prostatic fluid can be used as tumor markers.

Distribution and Accumulation of Major and Trace Elements in Gypsum Samples from Lignite Combustion Power Plant

Flue gas containing volatile elements, fine fly ash particulates not retained by particle control devices, and limestone are the most important sources of trace and major elements (TMEs) in wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) gypsum. In this study, samples of gypsum slurry were separated into fine and coarse fractions. Multi-elemental analysis of 45 elements in the different size fractions of gypsum, slurry waters and lignite were performed by k0-INAA (k0-instrumental neutron activation analyses). The study found that the volatile elements (Hg, Se and halogens) in the flue gas accumulate in the fine fractions of gypsum. Moreover, the concentrations of most TMEs are considerably higher in the fine fractions compared to the coarse fractions. The exceptions are Ca and Sr that primarily originate from the limestone. Variations of TMEs in the finer fractions are dependent on the presence of CaSO4·2H2O that is the main constituent of the coarse fraction. Consequently, the content of TMEs in the fine fraction is highly dependent on the efficiency of separating the fine fraction from the coarse fraction. Separation of the finer fraction, representing about 10% of the total gypsum, offers the possibility to remove effectively TMEs from WFGD slurry.

Investigating Catalase and Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme Activities and Levels of Certain Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Patients with Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among most common terminal cancer types in the world. Primary etiological factors include cirrhosis, hepatitis, aflatoxin and alcohol. The current study was conducted to determine cytosolic erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and catalase enzyme activities and levels of some trace elements. For this purpose, 40 patients with primary and metastatic hepatic cancer and 29 healthy volunteers enrolled to the study. Catalase and carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities and serum trace element levels were measured in patient and control groups. In the current study, serum copper, magnesium, manganese and zinc levels were lower in the primary and metastatic hepatic cancer group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum iron, cobalt, cadmium and lead levels were higher in the patient relative to the control group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control group, the catalase level was lower in primary and metastatic cancer group, while the carbonic anhydrase level was higher in the cancer group (P < 0.05). Changes in levels of trace elements and anti-oxidant enzymes may be the factors which influence the development and progression of liver cancer. The carbonic anhydrase enzyme can be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of cancer. However, this issue warrants further investigation.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN HUMAN BRAIN TUMOUR TISSUES BY INAA

Elemental profiles of brain tumour tissues from 15 male patients of astrocytomas (grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ) and normal human brain tissues of 23 male age matched autopsies as controls have been studied by INAA. A total of 18 elements Se, Na, K, Br, Cl, Mn, Mg. S, Ca, Cu, Hg, Cr, Fe, Rb, Zn, Co, Sc and P has been determined for this purpose. The analytical results showed that compared with the normal brain tissues, concentrations of Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Br and Sc were significantly higher in tumour tissues and that of Rb, K and P were lower while no differences for contents of Mg, S, Cr, Na and Cl were observed. A negative correlation between P and Ca in malignant and normal brain tissues was observed.

Exogenous Selenium Mitigates Salt Stress in Soybean by Improving Growth,Physiology,Glutathione Homeostasis and Antioxidant Defense

The mechanism of selenium(Se)-induced salt tolerance was studied in moderately sensitive soybean(Glycine max L.)plants.To execute this view,soybean plants were imposed with salt stress(EC 6 dS m^(−1))applying NaCl.In other treatments,Se(0,25,50 and 75μM Na_(2)SeO_(4))was sprayed as co-application with that level of salt stress.Plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,SPAD value decreased noticeably under salt stress.Altered proline(Pro)level,together with decreased leaf relative water content(RWC)was observed in salt-affected plants.Salt stress resulted in brutal oxidative damage and increased the content of H_(2)O_(2),MDA level and electrolyte leakage.Exogenous Se spray alleviated oxidative damage through boosting up the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and glutathione reductase(GR),as well as by improving non-enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione(GSH)and GSH/glutathione disulfide(GSSG).The upregulated antioxidant defense system,restored Pro and leaf RWC,higher SPAD value conferred better growth and development in Se-sprayed salt-affected soybean plants which altogether put forth for the progressive yield contributing parameters and finally,seed yield.Among different doses of Se,soybean plants sprayed with 50μM Na_(2)SeO_(4)showed better salt tolerance.

Effects of Different Selenium Application Methods on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Biofortification and Nutritional Quality

Mineral nutrient malnutrition,especially deficiency in selenium(Se),affects the health of approximately 1 billion people worldwide.Wheat,a staple food crop,plays an important role in producing Se-enriched foodstuffs to increase the Se intake of humans.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different Se application methods on grain yield and nutritional quality,grain Se absorption and accumulation,as well as 14 other trace elements concentrations in wheat grains.A sand culture experiment was conducted via a completely randomized 3×2×1 factorial scheme(three Se levels×two methods of Se application,foliar or soil×one Se sources,selenite),with two wheat cultivars(Guizi No.1,Chinese Spring).The results showed that both foliar Se and soil Se application methods had effects on wheat pollination.Foliar Se application resulted in early flowering of wheat,while soil Se application caused early flowering of wheat at low Se levels(5 mg kg^(−1))and delayed wheat flowering at high selenium levels(10 mg kg^(−1)),respectively.For trace elements,human essential trace elements(Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Cr,Mo,Co and Ni)concentrations in wheat grains were dependent of Se applica-tion methods and wheat cultivars.However,toxic trace elements(Cd,Pb,Hg,As,Li and Al)concentrations can be decreased by both methods,indicating a possible antagonistic effect.Moreover,both methods increased Se concentrations,and improved grain yield and nutritional quality,while the foliar application was better than soil.Accordingly,this study provided useful information concerning nutritional biofortification of wheat,indicating that it is feasible to apply Se to conduct Se biofortification,inhibit the heavy metal elements concentrations and improve yield and quality in crops,which caused human health benefits.

The Effect of Hemin and Deferoxamine on Selenium, Zinc, and Iron Levels of K562 Cells

This study investigated contents of trace elements selenium, zinc and iron both in control K562 cells, human leukemia cell line, and cells treated with hemin or the iron chelator deferoxamine cells. K562 cell line was grown in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 100 IU/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 25 μg/mL amphotericin B and 2 mM L-glutamine at 37?C in humidified air containing 5% CO2. K562 cells were treated with hemin and deferoxamine from the first day to the fifth day. The trace element levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Treatment of K562 cells with hemin resulted in an increase in the levels of selenium on fifth day compared with first day. No differences were observed in selenium levels of the control group compared with the hemin-induced group. Also there were no significant differences observed in the zinc levels of control cells compared with deferoxamine- and hemin-induced cells. Iron levels of hemin-induced cells were decreased on the fourth day com-pared with the third day. On the third day, iron levels of hemin-induced cells were significantly increased compared to the control group. Our observations suggest that alterations of selenium and zinc levels may play a role in hemin-induction and deferoxamine-inhibition, respectively. On the other hand, iron levels may influence both in hemin-induction and deferoxamine-inhibition of K562 human leukemia cell

Comparison of serum Zn, Cu and Se contents between healthy people and patients in high, middle and low incidence areas of gastric cancer of Fujian Province

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Study on Correlation of Trace Elements With EsophagealCancer

1 Introduction Esophageal cancer is one of the major malignant diseases in China and its etiology isstill unclear. Some reports have shown that trace elements play important roles in thecausation and development of the cancer. Hair is generally considered to be an indicarorof the trace elements in human bodies. The contents of trace elements in human scalphair can be determined by means of proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), a novel tech-

Diagnostic Classification of Normal Persons andCancer Patients by Using Neural NetworkBased on Trace Metal Contents in Serum Samples

Artificial neural network with the back-propagation (BP-ANN) approach was applied to the classification of normal persons and various cancer patients based on the elemental contents in serum samples. This method was verified by the cross-validation method. The effects of the net- work parameters were investigated and the related problems were discussed. The samples of 72, 42, and 52 for lung, liver, and stomach cancer patients and normal persons, respectively, were used for the classification study. About 95% of the samples can be classified correctly. There- fore, the method can be used as an auxiliary means of the diagnosis of cancer.

基于电感耦合等离子体质谱法的检测技术筛选甲状腺癌元素组学生物标志物的价值研究

目的:应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)筛选甲状腺癌元素组学的生物标志物,并建立甲状腺癌元素组学风险评估模型,为甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗提供依据。方法:选取2020年2-11月在北京同仁医院就诊的200例甲状腺癌患者纳入甲状腺癌组,另选同期在医院体检的50名健康志愿者纳入健康对照组,采用ICP-MS测定其血清中碘(I)、钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)、锑(Sb)等28种微量元素的总量。分析微量元素含量、甲状腺功能游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)指标和超声检查甲状腺体积,建立甲状腺疾病的元素组学风险评估模型。结果:甲状腺癌组与健康对照组I、Ca、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se和Sb的8种微量元素含量比较,差异均有统计学意义(U=2.601、1.972、2.607、2.611、2.603、2.605、2.601、2.605,P<0.05),女性甲状腺癌患者I、Cr及Mn含量升高,男性甲状腺癌与健康对照组间I、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se和Sb的8种微量元素含量比较,差异均有统计学意义(U=2.601、2.608、2.603、2.602、1.973、2.603、2.601、2.602,P<0.05)。甲状腺癌组患者FT3、FT4、T3和T4与I的含量有显著相关性(r=0,6209、0.5116、0.557、0.5923,P<0.05)。甲状腺癌组的Fe与Zn、Cr与Mn、Ca与Zn、Se与Fe以及Zn与Se浓度水平之间均有相关性(r=0.5523、0.5528、0.7158、0.5699、0.6371、0.5420,P<0.05)。I和Mn的高浓度是甲状腺癌的危险因素。甲状腺癌元素组学风险评估模型的特异度和灵敏度均>95%。结论:在甲状腺癌患者中除低浓度的Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se和Sb起作用外,女性患者血清中的Ca和男性患者血清中的Fe均起着重要作用,可为甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗提供依据。基于甲状腺癌元素组学风险评估模型具有良好的诊断效果。

乳糜泻与微量元素相关性研究进展

乳糜泻是一种由遗传易感个体摄入麸质引起的自身免疫病,主要累及小肠,引起小肠绒毛萎缩。许多乳糜泻患者因肠道炎症出现各种营养素吸收障碍,导致体内营养失衡,包括各种微量元素失衡。虽然微量元素在人体中含量很少,但因其特殊生理功能,对人体健康具有重要作用。部分乳糜泻相关并发症与不同微量元素失衡有关。此外,研究发现多种微量元素在乳糜泻发生、发展中发挥作用。本文就乳糜泻患者中一些重要微量元素水平,以及近年各种微量元素在乳糜泻发病机制、病情评估和治疗中作用的研究进展作一综述。

金属组学与胃癌的关系及其研究进展

随着金属组学的发展,其在胃癌(GC)早期诊断和治疗中的作用日益受到关注。维持微量元素如铁、锌、钙和铜的正常含量和代谢对GC的预防和治疗具有重要意义。对中、晚期GC患者来说,以金属抗癌药物为主的化学药物治疗和靶向治疗可以明显提高患者的生存期和生活水平。文章从金属抗癌药物在GC治疗中的作用、微量元素在GC治疗中的作用和金属组学在GC早期诊断中的作用三个方面进行总结,综述金属组学与GC的关系及其研究进展。

我国主要富硒地区富硒大米硒含量和品质调查分析

对我国10个省(区)富硒大米的微量元素(Ca、Zn、Fe、Se)含量以及质构品质指标(直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值)进行了抽样调查和分析。结果表明:硒含量符合国家富硒大米标准的样品占比达76.74%以上,低于国家标准的样品占比为6.98%,超过国家标准上限的样品占比为16.28%;大米Se平均含量以江苏最高(0.383 mg/kg),以宁夏最低(0.029 mg/kg);各省(区)富硒样品中有机硒含量占总硒含量的比例为92.75%~100.00%;富硒大米钙含量范围为34.50~50.07 mg/kg,锌含量范围为9.52~13.70 mg/kg。

外源喷施铜、硒对枸杞果实品质及其耐储性的影响

[目的]为枸杞生产中叶面肥的选择和喷施提供参考。[方法]以‘宁杞1号’为试材,在枸杞果实采前以不同频率喷施相同浓度的铜肥、硒肥和喷施1次不同配比的铜硒复合肥,分析枸杞鲜果大小、形状、色泽、枸杞多糖含量、类胡萝卜素含量及果实耐储性等指标。[结果]喷施1次硒铜复合肥、喷施1次0.035%的铜肥、喷施2次0.035%的硒肥处理显著增加了枸杞果实表面积、周长、直径、长和宽。硒铜复合肥处理均增加了果实?L、?a和?b值,喷施1次0.035%的铜肥处理增加了果实△a、△b值。枸杞多糖含量与施铜肥频率显著正相关,喷施4次和5次0.035%的铜肥处理、喷施3次0.035%的硒肥处理、喷施1次复合肥(硒铜含量比1∶1、3∶1)处理显著增加了枸杞多糖含量。喷施1次0.035%的硒肥、喷施3次0.035%的铜肥处理显著增加枸杞果实中类胡萝卜素含量。[结论]枸杞现蕾期喷施不同配比的硒铜复合肥处理均可增加枸杞果实大小、果实紧致度、枸杞多糖含量、类胡萝卜素含量,提高果实鲜亮度。现蕾期喷施1次0.035%的铜肥可显著增加枸杞果实大小、红色度;喷施1次0.035%的硒肥可显著增加枸杞果实中类胡萝卜含量。枸杞现蕾期、始花期各喷施1次0.035%的硒肥可显著增加果实大小。枸杞现蕾期、始花期、盛花期各喷施1次0.035%的硒肥可显著增加果实中多糖含量。采前喷施铜、硒肥可降低果实的采后腐烂率,但不能抑制果实呼吸速率。