Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted in bread wheat for 14 important traits utilizing data from four different mapping populations involving different approaches of QTL analysis. Analysis for grain pro...Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted in bread wheat for 14 important traits utilizing data from four different mapping populations involving different approaches of QTL analysis. Analysis for grain protein content (GPC) sug- gested that the major part of genetic variation for this trait is due to environmental interactions. In contrast, pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) was controlled mainly by main effect QTL (M-QTL) with very little genetic variation due to environmental interactions; a major QTL for PHST was detected on chromosome arm 3AL. For grain weight, one QTL each was detected on chromosome arms 1AS, 2BS and 7AS. QTL for 4 growth related traits taken together detected by different methods ranged from 37 to 40; nine QTL that were detected by single-locus as well as two-locus analyses were all M-QTL. Similarly, single-locus and two-locus QTL analyses for seven yield and yield contributing traits in two populations respectively allowed detection of 25 and 50 QTL by composite interval mapping (CIM), 16 and 25 QTL by multiple-trait composite interval mapping (MCIM) and 38 and 37 QTL by two-locus analyses. These studies should prove useful in QTL cloning and wheat improvement through marker aided selection.展开更多
Kai-Xin-San consists of Ginseng Radix, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, and Poria at a ratio of 3:3:2:2. Kai-Xin-San has been widely used for the treatment of emotional disorders in China. However, no studi...Kai-Xin-San consists of Ginseng Radix, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, and Poria at a ratio of 3:3:2:2. Kai-Xin-San has been widely used for the treatment of emotional disorders in China. However, no studies have identified the key proteins implicated in response to Kai-Xin-San treatment. In this study, rat models of chronic mild stress were established using different stress methods over 28 days. After 14 days of stress stimulation, rats received daily intragastric administrations of 600 mg/kg Kai-Xin-San. The sucrose preference test was used to determine depression-like behavior in rats, while isobaric tags were used for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics to identify altered proteins following Kai-Xin-San treatment. Kai-Xin-San treatment for 2 weeks noticeably improved depression-like behaviors in rats with chronic mild stress. We identified 33 differentially expressed proteins: 7 were upregulated and 26 were downregulated. Functional analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins participate in synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and neurogenesis. Our results indicate that Kai-Xin-San has an important role in regulating the key node proteins in the synaptic signaling network, and are helpful to better understand the mechanism of the antidepressive effects of Kai-Xin-San and to provide objective theoretical support for its clinical application. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research from the Chinese PLA General Hospital(approval No. X5-2016-07) on March 5, 2016.展开更多
Studying the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism of chrysanthemum lateral bud outgrowth is of great significance for reduction the production cost of cut chrysanthemum.To clarify the molecular basis of lateral bud ...Studying the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism of chrysanthemum lateral bud outgrowth is of great significance for reduction the production cost of cut chrysanthemum.To clarify the molecular basis of lateral bud elongation after removal of apical dominance in chrysanthemum,label-free quantification analysis was used to analyze the proteome changes after apical bud removal.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was used to analyze the changes in the expression of three plant hormone-related genes.A total of 440 differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified at three time points during the lateral bud elongation.The number of differentially expressed proteins in the three stages(24 h/0 h,48 h/0 h,48 h/24 h)were 219,332,and 97,respectively.The difference in expressed proteins in the three comparison stages mainly involves RNA processing and modification;translation,ribosomal structure and biogenesis;Posttranslational modification,protein turnover,and chaperones.Path analysis showed that there was various physiological activities in the process of lateral bud dormancy breaking and elongation,which involved energy metabolism,biosynthesis,signal transduction and stress response in the growth process of lateral buds.qPCR indicated that the expression of cytokinin synthesis related gene was significantly increased after the removal of apical dominance,while the expression of strigolactones synthesis related gene experiences a dramatic fall to promote the development of the lateral buds.However,there was a drop before a slight increase in the expression of the auxin synthesis related gene,which was mainly due to the removal of apical dominance that led to the loss of indoleacetic acid in the main stem.However,with formation of the new apical source,indoleacetic acid can be released again.展开更多
Forster resonance energy transfer （FRET） techniques have been widely used in biological studies in vitro andin vivo and are powerful tools for elucidating protein interactions in many regulatory cascades. FRET occur...Forster resonance energy transfer （FRET） techniques have been widely used in biological studies in vitro andin vivo and are powerful tools for elucidating protein interactions in many regulatory cascades. FRET occurs between oscillating dipoles of two fluorophores with overlapping emission and excitation wavelengths and is dependent on the spectroscopic and geometric properties of the donor-acceptor pair. Various efforts have been made to develop quantitative FRET methods to accurately determine the interaction affinity and kinetics parameters. SUMOylation is an important post-translational protein modification with key roles in multiple biological processes. Conjugating SUMO to substrates requires an enzymatic cascade. Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases （SENP） act as endopeptidases to process the pre-SUMO or an isopeptidase to deconjugate SUMO from its substrate. Here we also summarize recent developments of theoretical and experimental procedures for determining the protein interaction dissociation constant, Kd, and protease kinetics parameters, kcat and Kin, in the SUMOylation pathway. The general principles of these quantitative FRET-based measurements can be applied to other protein interactions and proteases.展开更多
通过搭建管式燃烧炉-四极杆质谱仪实验平台检测食品中蛋白质含量,称取各1 g 5种蛋白质含量不同的食品样品,在高温富氧环境下利用管式燃烧炉对食品样品进行充分爆燃,气体产物进入电子轰击(EI)离子源离子化后,直接引入四极杆质量分析器进...通过搭建管式燃烧炉-四极杆质谱仪实验平台检测食品中蛋白质含量,称取各1 g 5种蛋白质含量不同的食品样品,在高温富氧环境下利用管式燃烧炉对食品样品进行充分爆燃,气体产物进入电子轰击(EI)离子源离子化后,直接引入四极杆质量分析器进行检测。利用四极杆质量分析器的选择离子扫描功能,通过扫描NO2+离子峰强度来定量分析氮元素含量,并绘制标准曲线,线性相关系数(R2)为0.999 92,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~6.1%。利用氮元素含量结合氮-蛋白质转换系数6.25计算得到蛋白质含量。本研究为食品中蛋白质含量的定量分析提供了一种绿色、快速、准确、低成本的检测方法。展开更多
目的:基于非标记定量蛋白质组学技术探索刮痧治疗冠心病痰浊瘀阻证的生物学机制。方法:随机选取5例冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰浊瘀阻证患者,刮痧治疗4周,将治疗前、后的血清分别标记成Ctrl组、Test组,应用非标记定量蛋白质组学技术进行差异...目的:基于非标记定量蛋白质组学技术探索刮痧治疗冠心病痰浊瘀阻证的生物学机制。方法:随机选取5例冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰浊瘀阻证患者,刮痧治疗4周,将治疗前、后的血清分别标记成Ctrl组、Test组,应用非标记定量蛋白质组学技术进行差异蛋白的分析和鉴定。结果:通过鉴定观察到蛋白总数为387,其中差异蛋白数有9个,包括上调的差异蛋白7个,下调的差异蛋白2个。上调的差异蛋白为APMAP、APOC1、APOM、SAA2-SAA4、RARRES2、P01714、P0DP04。下调的差异蛋白为CP、PROC。GO富集分析结果中所鉴定到的蛋白主要涉及生物过程(BP)、细胞组成(CC)、分子功能(MF)三方面。KEGG分析显示主要介导了ferroposis(铁死亡)、porphyrin metabolism(卟啉代谢)、complement and coagulation cascades(补体及凝血级联)等信号通路。结论:刮痧治疗冠心病痰浊瘀阻证患者的生物学机制主要是作用于APMAP等差异蛋白,影响患者动脉粥样硬化的进程和脂质代谢,同时在炎症调控、免疫调节中起到了积极的作用。刮痧可宏观上调控和影响脂蛋白的重塑、脂质代谢、芳香脂酶等活性,通过激活炎症调控、新陈代谢和免疫调节等信号通路,在整体上影响冠心病相关的病理变化。展开更多
Heat shock proteins （HSPs） are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause...Heat shock proteins （HSPs） are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause. The ectoparasitoidHabrobracon hebetor, a potential biological control agent, can enter reproductive diapause when reared at low temperature and short photoperiod. However, the expression of HSPs during diapause of H. hebetor has not been studied. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length complementary DNAs of three Hsp70 genes （HhHsp70I, HhHsp70II and HhHsp70IIl） from 11. hebetor. Their deduced amino acid sequences showed more than 80% identities to their counterparts from other insect species. However, the multiple se- quence alignment among the three deduced amino acid sequences of HhHsp70s showed only 46% identities. A phylogenetic analysis of the three HhHsp70s and all other known Hsp70 sequences from Hymenoptera clustered all the Hsp70s into four groups, and the three HhHsp70s were distributed into three different groups. Real-time quantitative poly- merase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor reared at different conditions was quite different. HhHspTOI showed higher relative expression when H. hebetor were reared at 27.5℃ than at two lower temperatures （17.5℃ and 20℃） regardless of the photoperiod, whereas HhHspTOII showed higher ex- pression when H. hebetor were reared at 20℃ and 10 ： 14 L ： D than when reared at 17.5℃ and either 16 ： 8 L ： D or 10 ： 14 L ： D. In contrast, HhHSP7OIIIwas expressed at similar levels regardless of the rearing conditions. These results may suggest functional differences among the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Agricultural Technology Projectof Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Department of Biotech-nology of Government of India, Council of Scientific and IndustrialResearch of India and Indian National Science Academy
文摘Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted in bread wheat for 14 important traits utilizing data from four different mapping populations involving different approaches of QTL analysis. Analysis for grain protein content (GPC) sug- gested that the major part of genetic variation for this trait is due to environmental interactions. In contrast, pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) was controlled mainly by main effect QTL (M-QTL) with very little genetic variation due to environmental interactions; a major QTL for PHST was detected on chromosome arm 3AL. For grain weight, one QTL each was detected on chromosome arms 1AS, 2BS and 7AS. QTL for 4 growth related traits taken together detected by different methods ranged from 37 to 40; nine QTL that were detected by single-locus as well as two-locus analyses were all M-QTL. Similarly, single-locus and two-locus QTL analyses for seven yield and yield contributing traits in two populations respectively allowed detection of 25 and 50 QTL by composite interval mapping (CIM), 16 and 25 QTL by multiple-trait composite interval mapping (MCIM) and 38 and 37 QTL by two-locus analyses. These studies should prove useful in QTL cloning and wheat improvement through marker aided selection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573876(to YH)
文摘Kai-Xin-San consists of Ginseng Radix, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, and Poria at a ratio of 3:3:2:2. Kai-Xin-San has been widely used for the treatment of emotional disorders in China. However, no studies have identified the key proteins implicated in response to Kai-Xin-San treatment. In this study, rat models of chronic mild stress were established using different stress methods over 28 days. After 14 days of stress stimulation, rats received daily intragastric administrations of 600 mg/kg Kai-Xin-San. The sucrose preference test was used to determine depression-like behavior in rats, while isobaric tags were used for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics to identify altered proteins following Kai-Xin-San treatment. Kai-Xin-San treatment for 2 weeks noticeably improved depression-like behaviors in rats with chronic mild stress. We identified 33 differentially expressed proteins: 7 were upregulated and 26 were downregulated. Functional analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins participate in synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and neurogenesis. Our results indicate that Kai-Xin-San has an important role in regulating the key node proteins in the synaptic signaling network, and are helpful to better understand the mechanism of the antidepressive effects of Kai-Xin-San and to provide objective theoretical support for its clinical application. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research from the Chinese PLA General Hospital(approval No. X5-2016-07) on March 5, 2016.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31800601).
文摘Studying the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism of chrysanthemum lateral bud outgrowth is of great significance for reduction the production cost of cut chrysanthemum.To clarify the molecular basis of lateral bud elongation after removal of apical dominance in chrysanthemum,label-free quantification analysis was used to analyze the proteome changes after apical bud removal.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was used to analyze the changes in the expression of three plant hormone-related genes.A total of 440 differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified at three time points during the lateral bud elongation.The number of differentially expressed proteins in the three stages(24 h/0 h,48 h/0 h,48 h/24 h)were 219,332,and 97,respectively.The difference in expressed proteins in the three comparison stages mainly involves RNA processing and modification;translation,ribosomal structure and biogenesis;Posttranslational modification,protein turnover,and chaperones.Path analysis showed that there was various physiological activities in the process of lateral bud dormancy breaking and elongation,which involved energy metabolism,biosynthesis,signal transduction and stress response in the growth process of lateral buds.qPCR indicated that the expression of cytokinin synthesis related gene was significantly increased after the removal of apical dominance,while the expression of strigolactones synthesis related gene experiences a dramatic fall to promote the development of the lateral buds.However,there was a drop before a slight increase in the expression of the auxin synthesis related gene,which was mainly due to the removal of apical dominance that led to the loss of indoleacetic acid in the main stem.However,with formation of the new apical source,indoleacetic acid can be released again.
文摘Forster resonance energy transfer （FRET） techniques have been widely used in biological studies in vitro andin vivo and are powerful tools for elucidating protein interactions in many regulatory cascades. FRET occurs between oscillating dipoles of two fluorophores with overlapping emission and excitation wavelengths and is dependent on the spectroscopic and geometric properties of the donor-acceptor pair. Various efforts have been made to develop quantitative FRET methods to accurately determine the interaction affinity and kinetics parameters. SUMOylation is an important post-translational protein modification with key roles in multiple biological processes. Conjugating SUMO to substrates requires an enzymatic cascade. Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases （SENP） act as endopeptidases to process the pre-SUMO or an isopeptidase to deconjugate SUMO from its substrate. Here we also summarize recent developments of theoretical and experimental procedures for determining the protein interaction dissociation constant, Kd, and protease kinetics parameters, kcat and Kin, in the SUMOylation pathway. The general principles of these quantitative FRET-based measurements can be applied to other protein interactions and proteases.
文摘通过搭建管式燃烧炉-四极杆质谱仪实验平台检测食品中蛋白质含量,称取各1 g 5种蛋白质含量不同的食品样品,在高温富氧环境下利用管式燃烧炉对食品样品进行充分爆燃,气体产物进入电子轰击(EI)离子源离子化后,直接引入四极杆质量分析器进行检测。利用四极杆质量分析器的选择离子扫描功能,通过扫描NO2+离子峰强度来定量分析氮元素含量,并绘制标准曲线,线性相关系数(R2)为0.999 92,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~6.1%。利用氮元素含量结合氮-蛋白质转换系数6.25计算得到蛋白质含量。本研究为食品中蛋白质含量的定量分析提供了一种绿色、快速、准确、低成本的检测方法。
文摘目的:基于非标记定量蛋白质组学技术探索刮痧治疗冠心病痰浊瘀阻证的生物学机制。方法:随机选取5例冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰浊瘀阻证患者,刮痧治疗4周,将治疗前、后的血清分别标记成Ctrl组、Test组,应用非标记定量蛋白质组学技术进行差异蛋白的分析和鉴定。结果:通过鉴定观察到蛋白总数为387,其中差异蛋白数有9个,包括上调的差异蛋白7个,下调的差异蛋白2个。上调的差异蛋白为APMAP、APOC1、APOM、SAA2-SAA4、RARRES2、P01714、P0DP04。下调的差异蛋白为CP、PROC。GO富集分析结果中所鉴定到的蛋白主要涉及生物过程(BP)、细胞组成(CC)、分子功能(MF)三方面。KEGG分析显示主要介导了ferroposis(铁死亡)、porphyrin metabolism(卟啉代谢)、complement and coagulation cascades(补体及凝血级联)等信号通路。结论:刮痧治疗冠心病痰浊瘀阻证患者的生物学机制主要是作用于APMAP等差异蛋白,影响患者动脉粥样硬化的进程和脂质代谢,同时在炎症调控、免疫调节中起到了积极的作用。刮痧可宏观上调控和影响脂蛋白的重塑、脂质代谢、芳香脂酶等活性,通过激活炎症调控、新陈代谢和免疫调节等信号通路,在整体上影响冠心病相关的病理变化。
文摘Heat shock proteins （HSPs） are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause. The ectoparasitoidHabrobracon hebetor, a potential biological control agent, can enter reproductive diapause when reared at low temperature and short photoperiod. However, the expression of HSPs during diapause of H. hebetor has not been studied. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length complementary DNAs of three Hsp70 genes （HhHsp70I, HhHsp70II and HhHsp70IIl） from 11. hebetor. Their deduced amino acid sequences showed more than 80% identities to their counterparts from other insect species. However, the multiple se- quence alignment among the three deduced amino acid sequences of HhHsp70s showed only 46% identities. A phylogenetic analysis of the three HhHsp70s and all other known Hsp70 sequences from Hymenoptera clustered all the Hsp70s into four groups, and the three HhHsp70s were distributed into three different groups. Real-time quantitative poly- merase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor reared at different conditions was quite different. HhHspTOI showed higher relative expression when H. hebetor were reared at 27.5℃ than at two lower temperatures （17.5℃ and 20℃） regardless of the photoperiod, whereas HhHspTOII showed higher ex- pression when H. hebetor were reared at 20℃ and 10 ： 14 L ： D than when reared at 17.5℃ and either 16 ： 8 L ： D or 10 ： 14 L ： D. In contrast, HhHSP7OIIIwas expressed at similar levels regardless of the rearing conditions. These results may suggest functional differences among the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor.
