The Translation of Chinese Literature under the Theory of Translation Compensation

In order to promote the exchange of Chinese culture with foreign countries,translators bear an important mission in the process of cross-cultural communication.Although there are cultural differences,we can achieve cultural dissemination and exchange through continuous cultural dialogue.As an important way for foreign scholars to understand the history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China,the translation of historical texts is crucial.Multiple typical cases are selected under the guidance of the translation theory of compensation to use relevant methods or techniques from the three levels of language,culture,and aesthetics to compensate for the loss of Li Xueqin’s The Origin of Ancient Chinese Civilization in English translation proofreading.

The Interdependent Coexistence of the Rational Civilizations: The Mental Origin of Civilizations

The paper purposes that the three major civilizations are territorial rational civilization originated from the tribes before the Axial Age, discrete Western rational civilization originated from the mega empires in Middle East and Greece during the Axial Age, and the connective Eastern rational civilization originated from the mega empires in India and China during the Axial Age. Territorial rational civilization with territorial worldview for ingroup and outgroup individuals produces territorial nationalist democracy based on rule of boundary to deal with ingroup and outgroup individuals. Discrete Western rational civilization with discrete worldview for discrete and independent individuals produces discrete liberty-equality democracy based on rule of law to deal with discrete individuals. Connective Eastern rational civilization with connective worldview for connective and related individuals produces connective common wellbeing democracy based on rule of relation to deal with connective individuals. The current highly international interdependence produces the purposed internationalized interdependent community which allows the interdependent coexistence of the three rational civilizations by establishing the promotion of rational civilizations, the basic rules of relation and law, the potential civilizational and the regional defense boundaries, and the cooperation in international relations. The mental origin of the rational civilization consists of the social brain for instinctive intragroup relations and worldviews to form the original human social group, the mental immune system for instinctive mental therapy, theory of imaginary mind for imaginary religious and political entities with their own minds to form cohesive large social groups, and the thinking brain for rule to form rational civilization.

Preliminary Investigation on Tracking Evaluation of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment in Ecological Civilization Construction of Wuhan City

On the basis of experimental works of planning environmental impact assessment, works of planning environmental impact assessment such as each of the city＇s special planning and development zone planning were comprehensively promoted in Wuhan City, which effectively promoted the adjustment of Wuhan industrial structure, the rational layout of functions and the efficient utilization of resources, and laid a solid foundation for Wuhan City to be the supporting point for the rise of central China. Here, the work carried out in Wuhan was reviewed, combined with the new requirements of the current ecological civilization construction in Wuhan City, and the framework, the key technical points and the important focuses of the carrying out of the tracking evaluation of planning environmental impact assessment were proposed.

In vitro and in vivo cell tracking of chondrocytes of different origin by fluorescent PKH 26 and CMFDA

Tissue engineering techniques for cartilage re-pair to heal defects in joint surfaces is a clinical practice. Harvested autologous chondrocytes are expanded in culture and delivered in a suitable carrier medium back into the patient>s joint de-fect. The defect is then subsequently filled by new cartilage. Whether the cells in the repair tissue originate from the engineered tissue of the host or are derived from the surrounding original cartilage remains a relevant question for the ap-plied therapy. To answer this several methods exist to track cells, such as transfection of cells with LacZ carrying viruses, radio labeling with 111 IN or 51 Cr or fluorescent labeling with FDA. However, these techniques have drawbacks such as they may influence cellular properties, are radioactive and or quickly lose their tracking ability. New fluorescent probes are easier to handle and do not to interfere with cells. PKH 26劌 is a relatively new cell-labeling agent, but few data exist on the application of this dye in chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate - CMFDA (¨cell tracker green〔) is an established fluores-cent probe for imaging the dynamic processes of cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Likewise, several studies exist on different cell types. However, little data are available for chondro-cytes. The first aim of the study was to evaluate qualitative differences in fluorescence pattern after labeling of articular, auricular and costal chondrocytes. Secondly, we evaluated the influ-ence of labeling with CMFDA on cellular adhe-sion properties. The third aim was to compare the duration of cell labeling of chondrocytes of different origin with established CMFDA as stan-dard and PKH 26潴 for 3 cell generations in vitro and 12 weeks in vivo. We show that chondro-cytes from different origin can be labeled effec-tively with both PKH 26潴 and CMFDA. The PKH 26潴 labeled articular chondrocytes maintained fluorescence longer than CMFDA in vitro and in vivo. A higher percentage of articular chondro-cytes remained stained at 63 days than auricular or costal chondrocytes.

The Power of Thinking—The Origins of China’s Re-rise

100 years ago,China was such a plagued country that the West thought it the world’s problem.A century later,China seems to be the Middle Kingdom when it once was one of the most powerful in the world.China’s great transformation origins from its new political and economic thinking,which will also rejuvenate its culture.Politically,China turned to sinicization,after its failed efforts of westernization.In economy,China has still a long road to run for catching up with the West’s modernization,but China has aimed to rejuvenate itself as a rich and powerful state but rather copied the western capitalism like most developing states,or later the eastern European and Soviet communist states.In the end,China turned away from the western democracy while hungering for science,which implied the clash of civilization for some westerners but the harmony for the Chinese.Chinese has been thinking about China and the world’s future in the western way,but in the coming days,China may play its roles as one eastern center of the world’s diversifying civilizations.

Evidence of Human Origins in the Himalayas

Human origins have always been a hot topic of research in academia,focusing on the controversy between“single African origin”and“multiregional evolution.”The evolution from ancient ape to modern humans was a complex process,which required the co-existence of diverse favorable factors.Based on a review of existing research findings,this paper argues that modern humans originated in the Himalayas and presents multi-dimensional evidence from the perspectives of geology,seismology,climatology,archaeology,biology,genetics,and others.The evolution from ape to man may have also existed in regions other than the Himalayas.However,such evolution falls under“invalid origin”due to the lack of essential conditions for evolution,and particularly,the evolutionary process was interrupted by the erosion of frequent Quaternary glaciations.The homo sapiens originating in the Himalayas gradually migrated and settled down across the world several times during the interglacial periods,creating local cultures and colorful civilizations in parallel.The findings of this paper provide new orientations and approaches for the studies of human origins and the development of civilizations.

Legal Systems and Economic Development:The Case of Aruba Post-Coronavirus

This paper intends to critically review some of the challenges rooted in Aruba’s civil law legal heritage in stimulating a post-corona economic recovery which should ideally be driven towards economic diversification.It also seeks to contextualize the effect of Aruba’s civil law system on economic growth compared to other Caribbean states with similar size,population,and tourism dependency but with legal systems rooted in the common law.This paper’s methodological approach is meta-analytical and includes a critique of the labor laws as well as the substantive role of the state in driving economic performance that is a normative feature in some civil law states.It posits that Aruba’s economic responsiveness,to the coronavirus should consider legal origins as a factor that limits its capacity and capability to execute an effective restructuring of tired economic paradigms and introduce new economic models that would challenge its mono-economic status.

The "Proto-State"/"Chiefdom" Controversy and the Study of the Origins of Chinese Civilization

"Proto-state" and "chiefdom" are two major theories used in exploring the origin of Chinese civilization. There is much debate about the relationship between the two and about their academic significance. In several respects, the questions answered by the two theories are distinctly different: the perspective of the one is emic, of the other etic, and their research paths are respectively humanistic and scientific. The chiefdom theory derives from anthropology;it is evolutionist and its theories are constructed by analogy. Its strong point lies in exploring the mechanisms of the development of social complexity, but when used in archaeological research, the logic employed is deductive reasoning. The protostate theory comes from Chinese archaeology, and thus is historicist. Its strong point lies in understanding cultural meanings, and the research logic it employed is inductive reasoning.The two theories represent research paths that are complementary but not interchangeable.The purpose of exploring the origins of Chinese civilization is not only to find the truth of history, but also to understand and inherit its culture. Therefore, it is important to fully combine the two theories in building the discourse system of Chinese archaeology.

建构现代学术与重勘中华文明——20世纪以来《楚辞》神话研究概述及反思

有别于传统经史范式,中国现代神话学的建立是《楚辞》神话研究的基本前提。在异质文化冲击和现代学术建构的驱力下,20世纪以来的《楚辞》神话研究成为时人理解中华文化、重勘中华文明的途径。20世纪前期形成的四条基本路径影响至今:诉诸信史的实证研究、文学艺术的系统研究、跨文明比较研究、人类学和民族学阐释。经20世纪中期过渡,80年代以来的《楚辞》神话研究走向繁荣和学科自觉。同时,随着中国神话学界的前沿反思与范式推进,《楚辞》神话与中国文明起源特征、早期经典形成、早期中国思想史等问题成为学界热点。新的学术视野和新的学术使命都昭示着,《楚辞》神话研究必将继续参与到更深入更宽阔的当代学术发展中。

仓颉--突破表达困境的圣人

汉字是中国文明的首要标志。仓颉造字,华夏文明由此破局,也构成中国文学的开端。文字的发明,解决了文明体自我表达与自我积累问题,提升了人们的文学表达能力、人才识别能力和社会组织能力。在黄帝时代文明涌生的背景上,仓颉担任黄帝的左史,造字既是黄帝事业的重要组成部分,也是黄帝事业能产生重大影响的关键因素。

“文明起源”史观之意味:“中西马”视角的考察

“文明起源”作为国内学界使用频率极高的舶来语,主要用以说明距今五千多年至“三代”时期历史文化的发展。但是否合适的问题很少有人认真考虑过,似乎马克思、恩格斯使用了就没有问题。其实马恩晚年虽借用了“文明”等术语,但对其核心内容如剥削、阶级性、虚伪、贪欲、国家镇压机器等都是持具体批判与整体否认态度的,尽管认为如此发展有其必然性,与其他学人用“文明”“野蛮”区分历史进步、停滞与落后,即无意中把知性专断与西方普遍性的观念传播开去明显不同,因为马克思是从人的全面发展和多数人得到解放出发看问题的。从历史研究追求平实公正应该使用更中性一些术语看,用褒义明显的“文明”来说某一时段历史的特质也是不合适的,因为说甲文明意味着乙不文明或野蛮,必然分出等级差别。回到传统中国,被视为“文明起源”这一段历史,中国古人认为是“大同”向“小康”、“公天下”向“私天下”之过渡,是以物役使人性的开始,是战争杀伐愈益激烈和彼此互助走向你争我夺、淳朴自然走向尔虞我诈的时期,此与马恩的认知明显具有相通之处。古史研究使用“文明起源”作为关键词展现的是西方资产阶级重物质、轻人道的历史观,体现的是西方资本主义价值观,不仅与马克思主义、中国文化精神相背离,也与史学自身追求相矛盾,说明目前的古史考量还深陷于西方中心观念之中,反省不够。在此认知基础上文章提出用相对平实的“文化源”代替不甚中性的“文明起源”,以作为中国文化精神开启之初一段历史的研究之用。

炎帝时代和文明起源

炎帝时代处于文明起源的重要时期。依据先秦文献记载和考古学研究成果,推定炎帝时代的年代在距今7000年至5000年之间,与炎帝部族集团相对应的考古学文化遗存是分布在陇原东部、关中、晋西南及豫西地区的“典型仰韶文化”。其发展过程可分为四个阶段,体现了文明起源的过程。第一个阶段为平等社会,第二个阶段社会逐步发生分化,第三个阶段社会发生剧变,第四个阶段产生“王室文化遗存”进入古国时代。整个发展过程呈现出稳定和连续发展演变的特点,具有包容性特征、创新性内涵,属于文明起源的一种原生态发展模式。通过对炎帝时代典型仰韶文化文明起源现象的分析,可以看出中国在距今5000年前后呈现出一个文明化浪潮。

习近平总书记关于建设中华民族现代文明重要论述的原创性贡献

建设中华民族现代文明是习近平文化思想中一项极具历史眼光和战略高度的重大命题。习近平总书记关于建设中华民族现代文明的重要论述,科学地回答了如何正确认识文明与现代化、传统文明的现代转化、文明主体性与文明多样性关系等重大时代课题,其原创性贡献集中体现在对文明地位的新标定、文明特性的新叙事、文明生成机制的新论断和文明价值的新指引。建设中华民族现代文明这一新的文化使命的提出,标志着中国共产党对中华文明发展规律和人类文明发展规律的认识实现了新飞跃,不仅开辟了马克思主义文明观的新境界,而且为新时代的强国建设和民族复兴指明了前进方向,必将为人类进步事业作出新的更大贡献。

论习近平文化思想的原创性贡献

作为马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果,习近平文化思想在理论深化、实践超越与价值表征维度鲜明彰显着诸多原创性贡献。在理论维度集中表现为:阐明文化主体、形态与功能,深化对文化本质的科学认识;阐发文化建设方法论、目标与路径,深化对文化建设规律的科学认识;阐论文明建设方法、道路与旨归,深化对中华文明建设规律的科学认识。在实践维度集中表现为:明确首要政治任务为以党的创新理论武装全党和教育人民,明达文化使命即建设中华民族现代文明,明释原则遵循即融文化自信、开放包容与守正创新于一体,明晰施力要求是促进“七个着力”的联结共振,形成中国特色社会主义文化工作内容体系的新布局。在价值维度集中表现为:以绘制人类现代文明新蓝本破解文明价值难题,以提供人类文明进步新遵循凝聚文明价值共识,以构建人类文明发展共同体倡导文明价值秩序,表征着面向世界和面向未来的人类文明体系的新范式。

设想美好未来,计谋可期天下的有意识构想实现行为

人工智能在硬件、软件、数据、算法、算力、安全、系统、生态8个方面与创新设计结合,进行ID识别、行为模式和需求关系的智能设计,智能感知、智能认知、智能控制、智能网络、智能运算将人类智能的关联、预测和想象核心能力进行模拟学习,完成设想未来、计谋天下的设计活动,提高有意识构想行为,实现三体元宇宙(原宇宙、源宇宙)元设计创造未来可能性的概率。通过高信维、高感质、高交互、高价值和高颜值的设计评测,用科技美学科技伦理实现共生的数实生态文明可持续发展。

边疆人类学:源流、对象与中国语境

现代世界通过边界划定各国的领土范围,随之产生的边疆成为诸多国家内部文明空间的重要区域。在现实中,边界不仅明确区隔两个国家的地理空间,还影响了特定空间中的人文社会,以及相应的文明生成。因此,对边疆区域相关实践的关注,成为边疆人类学的重要研究领域。从学科源流来看,随着中国周边与世界格局的深刻变化,国内学界对于边疆的关注,从边疆社会面临外部冲击时的救亡图存意识及行动,开始转向主动开拓关于国家整体性的认知。在这个过程中,边疆研究与人类学理论与研究方法在应用中不断结合,具有自身本位的中国边疆人类学开始形成。关于边疆人类学研究对象的讨论,需要从具体的边疆实践出发,本着人类学田野调查方法关注、记录和解释人类社会文化的基本要求,从边界、区域、边民社会、人地关系4个方面获得具体经验,以贯彻边疆人类学的研究旨趣和实践路径。进入新时代,中国边疆人类学的发展,一方面通过记录并客观呈现边疆社会丰富的文化内涵,致力于中华民族文化的整体性表达;另一方面,则具有回应国家建设与决策的重大实践意义。以此为基础,创造丰富的边疆田野民族志、思考边疆治理现代化的人文路径、挖掘中华民族共同体意识的深层内涵,在理解中华文明空间的基础上建设中华民族现代文明,不仅体现了中国边疆人类学的现实使命,同时,在智识生产方面也为中国与国际学术实践创造更多的路径与可能。

建设中华民族现代文明的实践理路

建设中华民族现代文明,是我们党在新时代新的文化使命。新时代从实践理路上来把握建设中华民族现代文明应做到:坚持党的领导的根本保证,并在明晰党领导文化建设的历史进程基础上,正确理解党对中华文明连续性和中华文化主体性的深刻把握及其在新时代建设中华民族现代文明的际遇;坚持问题导向的方法论,在准确把握世界之变、时代之变、历史之变基础上,以中国社会主要矛盾变化和党的使命为线索破解建设中华民族现代文明进程中的中国之问、人民之问、世界之问、时代之问;坚持系统观念的思维范式,坚持以战略思维、历史思维、辩证思维、系统思维、创新思维、法治思维、底线思维建设中华民族现代文明;坚持构建中国自主知识体系,使之充分彰显中华文明五大突出特性;坚持实施“中华文明探源工程”的有效载体,以中国特色考古学持续把中国文明历史研究引向深入。

如何衡量中国考古学与中华文明探源的进展

如何衡量考古学的发展是一个重要理论问题,关系到学科的发展方向与发展策略。回顾现代考古学的发展历程,可以发现不同学术体系、不同时期,甚至不同分支领域的衡量标准不尽相同。但学术发展具有累积性,考古学有其基本的任务,由此构成衡量考古学发展的四个标准。以这四个标准来衡量中国考古学的发展以及代表其最高水平的中华文明探源研究,从中可以看出,中国考古学存在“断层式的发展”现象,部分领域发展迅速,理论是短板。具体就中华文明探源研究而言,建议采取一些切实的措施,促进研究的发展,为中国考古学的总体发展示范。

试析“中华文明探源工程”重要成果融入高校思政课教学

将“中华文明探源工程”重要成果融入高校思政课教学,把思政课堂打造成传播中华文明的主阵地,旨在提升中华文明的影响深度和广度。首先对“中华文明探源工程”及其重要研究成果进行概述;其次从时代要求、思政课创新、对大学生进行思想引导等三个方面阐述融入的必要性;最后从教材内容、教学方式、网络育人平台、实践教学等多角度对其融入的举措尝试探析。以期学生充分了解中华民族的过去,自觉传播中华文明,坚定文化自信。