New Trends in the Relationship Between Major Western Countries and Africa

With the deep-going development of globalization and enhanced African unity for self-improvement, the international community is paying more and more attention to the standing of Africa and the role it plays. The United States, Japan, Russia, India and the European Union (EU), are strengthening and upgrading, out of their own needs, their political and economic relations with African countries in a bid to consolidate their strategic interests in the continent.

Studies on Taboo Customs in China and Western Countries From the Perspective of Intercultural Communication

With the continuous process of globalization, the intercultural communication between China and Western countries is steadily expanded. Due to different cultural backgrounds, misunderstandings are inevitable in intercultural exchanges, which may cause embarrassing situation or unnecessary trouble. As a part of culture, taboo customs involve political, economical, social, and many other aspects, ranging from people’s daily life to the global diplomacy. Thus, studies on taboo customs in China and Western countries are meaningful to the understanding of different cultures. This paper mainly discusses the taboo customs from two aspects, in intercultural verbal communication and nonverbal communication, which is necessary for the smoothness and effectiveness of intercultural exchanges.

Study on the Dining Etiquette Difference between China and Western Countries

This paper attempts to discuss dining etiquette difference in China and western countries from the aspect of across-cultural communication by meticulously selecting many fresh examples. The author puts forward the main difference of dinner etiquette and the reasons for differences. It concludes that the methods for avoiding conflict. The research can offer a little help to the cross-cultural communication.

Right sided diverticulitis in western countries:A review

BACKGROUND Although the treatment guidelines for left sided diverticulitis are clear,the management of right colonic diverticulitis is not well established.This disease can no longer be ignored due to significant spread throughout Asia.AIM To analyse epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of right-sided diverticulitis in western countries.METHODS MEDLINE and PubMed searches were performed using the key words "rightsided diverticulitis","right colon diverticulitis","caecal diverticulitis","ascending colon diverticulitis" and "caecum diverticula" in order to find relevant articles published until 2021.RESULTS A total of 18 studies with 422 patients were found.Correct diagnosis was made only in 32.2%,mostly intraoperatively or via CT scan.The main reason for misdiagnosis was a suspected acute appendicitis(56.8%).The treatment was a nonoperative management(NOM)in 184 patients(43.6%)and surgical in 238 patients(56.4%),seven of which after NOM failure.Recurrence rate was low(5.45%),similar to eastern studies and inferior to left-sided diverticulitis.Recurrent patients were successfully conservatively retreated in most cases.CONCLUSION The management of right-sided diverticulitis is not well clarified in the western world and no selective guidelines have been considered even if principles are similar to those with left-sided diverticulitis.Wrong diagnosis is one of the most important problems and CT scan seems to be the best imaging modality.NOM offers a safe and effective treatment;surgery should be considered only in cases of complicated diverticulitis or if malignancy cannot be excluded.Further studies are needed to clarify the correct treatment.

A Comparative Study on Table Manners between China and Western Countries

With the rapid development of the international economy, the communication between China and western countries is becoming closer and closer. It is important and necessary for people to know the differences between Chinese and western table tanners, which can help to have a better understanding of the dietary culture in two cultures. Learning and applying table manners correctly can not only help to prevent gaffe, but also develop the ability of cross-culture communication and avoid cultural conflicts.

Differences of Wine Culture in Western Countries and China

1.Introduction The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water while it has the character of fire.Since the wine comes into being,it has contributed to a rich cultural connotation of human social life.It will brighten the bright and fool the fool.According to the Chinese history,drinking is such a common thing

Gross domestic product and dietary pattern among 49 western countries with a focus on polyamine intake

Socioeconomic status is known to affect dietary profile, and differences in food habits and choice may affect polyamine intake due to significant variations in the concentrations of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine present in different foods. The relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated for 49 different European and other Western countries. The data for food supply and GDP were collected from the database of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, respectively, and the amount of polyamine intake from food was estimated using polyamine concentrations listed in published sources. Countries were divided equally according to GDP values into two categories, higher and lower, and the amount and composition of food polyamines as well as dietary profile were compared. Higher GDP countries supply animal products and seafood in greater amounts than lower GDP countries;however, whole milk supply per calorie was higher in lower GDP than higher GDP countries. While crops supply was relatively higher in lower GDP countries, fruit supply was greater in higher GDP countries. Higher GDP was associated with increased amount of spermine and putrescine per total calorie, although spermidine amount per calorie was similar between higher and lower GDP countries. GDP, as an indicator of countries’ socioeconomic status, is associated with the amount and the composition of polyamines as well as dietary pattern.

Therapeutic landscapes and healing gardens： A review of Chinese literature in relation to the studies in western countries

The paper deciphers the Chinese literature to English speaking scholars and bridges the gap between China and the western countries on the topics of therapeutic landscapes and healing gardens. Three parts of contents are included in the paper. Firstly, four schools of theories explaining how and why nature can heal, are introduced based on the studies in western countries with the examination of terminology used. In the second part, 71 publications in Chinese are systematically reviewed, with 19 significant studies analyzed in details, including focus areas, the research method, and major findings. In the final part, Chinese studies are evaluated in relation to the theories in western countries.

A Comparative Study of Consumption Control in Major Western Countries

Abstract(Comparisons between Major Western Countries in Consumption Control)

Talking about the Difference between Chinese and Western Rite in Food and Cloth

In recent days,with more and more frequent exchanges and communications between China and western countries,their different culture,including different rites is involved in each other.Some people think that western things are definitely much better than Chinese things,so they imitate them from every aspect.It is not good for them to do so because some western things fit for westerners more than for Chinese people.This paper endeavors to illustrate that Chinese people should properly absorb western culture through briefly introducing food and cloth culture in China and Western countries.

The Need of Improvement of Humanism in Education

This paper introduces the definition of humanism and its different embodiment in westem countries and China, especially its embodiment in education. Comparing the different teaching methods between westem countries and China, it mentions the need of improvement on some aspects of education in China. The full development and potential of students are emphasized. Its purpose is to set teachers think about the appropriate ways of teaching in the future.

China’s Western Development Strategy for Modernization Drive

The Western Development Strategy(WDS)is a key aspect of China’s coordinated regional development strategy and effort to build a modern country.The world is undergoing profound changes that have not been witnessed in a century.This paper discusses the WDS’s importance in regards to China’s modernization drive and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.First,this paper identifies the WDS’s mission to improve people’s livelihood in China’s western regions,promote common prosperity for the Eurasian continent,and support the green transition of China’s and Eurasian energy economic and environmental systems,and safeguard ecological security in Asia at large.Second,this paper suggests that the key to the WDS is to reshape the geographical layout of economic activity in the western regions to avoid inefficiency.Specifically,China should develop a compact geographical layout of economic activity in the western regions,introduce a unique competition strategy,as well as find solutions for coordinated regional development based on key river basins.Finally,develop smart internet and inland free ports within the western regions.

Gu Jiegang’s “Discussion of Ancient History” Movement and It Relationship with Developments in Western Sinology

The scholarship in modern China is closely related to Western sinology in terms of school ties.Gu Jiegang’s launching of the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement centered on the"theory of the accumulated creation of Chinese ancient history"was a representative example.At the beginning of the movement Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang proposed the notion that,"there was no history before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty"which was indebted to the historical skepticism by Philip Van Ness Myers(American scholar)and Friedrich Hirth(German sinologist)of the same period.The idea that"the Shang Dynasty is still in the late Stone Age"advocated by Hu and Gu was also directly influenced by J.G.Andersson’s An Early Chinese Culture.Conversely,American sinologist Arthur W.Hummel Sr played a key role in introducing and evaluating the first volume of Discussion of Ancient History to Western academia.Paradoxically,while Swedish sinologis Bernhard Karlgren wrote On the Authenticity and Nature of the Tso Chuan to refute Kang Youwei’s reinterpretation of Confucian Classics(The Forged Classics of the Wang Mang Period),his work however became of value for Chinese historic doubt scholars to reaffirm the value of New Text Confucianism and advance the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement.If we would like to choose a saying to describe the relationship between the"Discussion of Ancien History"movement and Western Sinology,the Chinese proverb,"Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade of this one,"may be an appropriate choice.

Healed and Crippled： The Effect of Global Medicine on African Indigenous Treatment and Care Approaches

Whereas global medicine and health care practices have improved the quality of people＇s lives, especially in the developing countries data abounds that local communities have been crippled by the same medical practises. Some societies in developing countries have become sources of specimen for clinical trials of biomedicine which is unaffordable to their citizens. This paper explores the neglect of traditional African medicinal innovations and research in favour of imported Western medicine perpetuated by the developed countries. The paper argues that global medicine and health care have neither utilized nor recognized the African Traditional Medicine （ATM） fully, despite the fact that cultures in developed world used and continue to utilize the indigenous medical knowledge. The paper further argues that instead of neglecting African Traditional Medicine, ATM and biomedicine can be more beneficial by blending them into a single system, through what we would call in this paper High-Performance Medical Research （HPMR）. This would allow participation of communities to achieve both socio-eeonomic and medical knowledge growth rather than being a monopoly and preserve of developed organizations in the North. This paper proposes that HPMR should be a systematic and scientific approach for enhancing local people＇s participation in the development of medical ventures. This paper draws on secondary data on traditional African therapeutic practices by some local communities in East Africa combined with literature review on medical practice in Western societies.

Unbalanced International News Flow and News Bias in Western Media

With the rapid development of mass media, a new media age comes into being. Accompanied with the rising of advanced capitalism, the print media brings us a new“mass sphere”. In the field of international journalism and communication, it is still exist that international news is unbalanced and biased in first world countries’media. However, the imbalance of international public opinion is just a big problem for third world countries. Therefore, it is very necessary and significant to analyze this subject. Starting from the globalization, this paper argues the imbalance and news bias of reporting upon international issues in western media, so as to provide some ideas and promote the better development of the subject.

西方国家职业体育的“Sportainment”趋向及其启示

在娱乐日益影响社会生活的背景下,西方职业体育发展中呈现出一种强劲的体育与娱乐融合共生的"Sportainment"趋向。在分析"Sportainment"的内涵及产生背景的基础上,深入剖析了"Sportainment"趋向和国外职业体育赛事的运作机制,并探讨了其对我国转变职业体育发展方式的启示:转变对体育及体育传播娱乐性的认识;按照市场经济规律发展职业体育;以商业手段挖掘职业体育赛事的娱乐资源;以传媒手段扩大职业体育赛事的娱乐效应。

奥地利Lindner公司Geotrac4ep系列山地型新拖拉机

简要介绍了Lindner公司的Geotrac4ep系列山地拖拉机各主要部件的技术性能和结构特点,为我国拖拉机行业各有关企业和研究部门进一步研究和开发山地拖拉机新产品提供了参考。

On Advertisement from the Cross-culture Perspective

Along with China and western countries keep an increasingly close relationship in the economic fields as well as competitions,the most powerful weapon available shaping self image and promoting domestic market is the advertisement.So,if we want the commercial advertising to play its role properly,the cultural differences can not be ignored.This paper focus on the inner link between commercial advertisement language,commercial advertisement translation and culture from the point of cross-culture,and finally put forwards some principles from the view of trans-cultural.

Metabolic syndrome and colorectal neoplasms:An ominous association

AIM:To evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome(MS) and colorectal cancer and adenomas in a Western country,where the incidence of MS is over 27%.METHODS:This was a prospective study between March 2013 and March 2014.MS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education ProgramATP III.Demographic characteristics,anthropometric measurements,metabolic risk factors,and colonoscopic pathologic findings were assessed in patients with MS(group 1) who underwent routine colonoscopy at our department.This data was compared with consecutive patients without metabolic syndrome(group 2),with no differences regarding sex and age.Patients with incomplete colonoscopy,family history,or past history of colorectal neoplasm were excluded.Informed consent was obtained and the ethics committee approved this study.Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and χ2 test,with a P value ≤ 0.05 being considered statistically significant.RESULTS:Of 258 patients,129 had MS;51% males;mean-age 67.1 years(50-87).Among the MS group,94% had high blood pressure,91% had increased waist circumference,60% had diabetes,55% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level,50% had increased triglyceride level,and 54% were obese [body mass index(BMI) 30 kg/m2].51% presented 4 criteria of MS.MS was associated with increased prevalence of adenomas(43% vs 25%,P = 0.004) and colorectal cancer(13% vs 5%,P = 0.027),compared with patients without MS.MS was also positively associated with multiple(≥ 3) adenomas(35% vs 9%,P = 0.024) and sessile adenomas(69% vs 53%,P = 0.05).No difference existed between location(P = 0.086),grade of dysplasia(P = 0.196),or size(P= 0.841) of adenomas.In addition,no difference was found between BMI(P = 0.078),smoking(P = 0.146),alcohol consumption(P = 0.231),and the presence of adenomas.CONCLUSION:MS is positively associated with adenomas and colorectal cancer.However,there is not enough information in western European countries to justify screening in patients with MS.To our knowledge,no previous study has evaluated this association in Portuguese patients.

On The Research of Foreign and Domestic Human Capital Theory

Human Capital Theory came into being in the middle and later periods of the 20th century. A lot of achievements have been made on the research in its connotation, measures of the value, investment and income, function mechanism and so on, by foreign scholars. In recent 10 years of the new Millennium alternation, the "steal business effect" and the structure of human capital on the mechanism of economic rise has become the two emphasis in current foreign Human Capital Theory’s research. On the basis of foreign researches and Chinese situations, domestic scholars have enriched and developed it, but there are many disparities in its methods, aspects and levels between foreign and domestic researches.