China’s path to becoming a strong trade power can be divided into three levels:the micro level of promoting factor cultivation,the meso level of achieving industrial dominance,and the macro level of participating in ...China’s path to becoming a strong trade power can be divided into three levels:the micro level of promoting factor cultivation,the meso level of achieving industrial dominance,and the macro level of participating in the establishment of the world system.As a feature of globalization,factor flow is the foundation and key to achieve the above three-level goals.In the first stage of reform and opening-up,China complied with the globalization characteristics of factor flow and gathered a large number of capital factors.It is now the second stage of reform and opening-up;that is,the stage of export-oriented investment.International investment may help in the path to become a strong trade power,or it may become an obstacle.The maximization of benefits and evasion of disadvantages are influenced by the grasp of investment risks.Therefore,special attention should be paid to identifying potential risks and controlling risks.展开更多
Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering ...Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering of OBDD focus primarily on area minimization. However, suitable input variable ordering helps in minimizing the power consumption also. In this particular work, we have proposed two algorithms namely, a genetic algorithm based technique and a branch and bound algorithm to find an optimal input variable order. Of course, the node reordering is taken care of by the standard BDD package buddy-2.4. Moreover, we have evaluated the performances of the proposed algorithms by running an exhaustive search program. Experi-mental results show a substantial saving in area and power. We have also compared our techniques with other state-of-art techniques of variable ordering for OBDDs and found to give superior results.展开更多
An enhanced energy efficiency scheme, “Perform, Achieve and Trade” (PAT) is explored in relation to the existing carbon market in India, particularly the Clean Development Mechanism, Renewable Energy Certification a...An enhanced energy efficiency scheme, “Perform, Achieve and Trade” (PAT) is explored in relation to the existing carbon market in India, particularly the Clean Development Mechanism, Renewable Energy Certification and possible Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions. The PAT scheme incentivises energy-intensive large industries and facilities for Enhance Energy Efficiency, through technology upgrade and improvement in process. The PAT scheme currently identified 478 designated consumers from eight energy intensive industrial sectors namely, thermal power plants, iron and steel, cement, textiles, chlor-alkali, aluminum, fertilisers and pulp & paper. The threshold limit in thermal power plant sector to become a PAT designated consumer is 30,000 tonne of oil equivalent annual energy consumption. In the first PAT cycle, run through 2012 to 2015, total 144 designated consumers from various states have been identified with individual target. Thermal power plant sector has been categorized on the basis of their fuel input into three subsectors i.e. gas, oil and coal based plants. This paper reviews the state of the art in PAT mechanism design and operational features for implementation on thermal power plant sector. The possibility of implementing an Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) in India is explored from political and institutional perspectives.展开更多
为进一步提升综合能源系统环境效益,减少新能源出力不确定性所带来的潜在风险,提出了计及条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)以及阶梯碳交易的综合能源系统优化调度模型。考虑到系统风电和光伏出力不确定性可能带来的影响,...为进一步提升综合能源系统环境效益,减少新能源出力不确定性所带来的潜在风险,提出了计及条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)以及阶梯碳交易的综合能源系统优化调度模型。考虑到系统风电和光伏出力不确定性可能带来的影响,采用条件风险价值量度不确定性带来的潜在风险,并将碳捕获技术、电转气设备以及阶梯式碳交易机制引入系统调度模型,构建了综合考虑系统运行成本和碳交易成本的优化调度目标函数,由于所建立模型为混合整数规划问题,采用CPLEX求解器进行求解,设置4种场景进行验证分析,算例表明所提模型可有效减少二氧化碳排放,在兼顾经济性和环境性的同时引入CVaR,可避免由于忽略风光不确定性所带来的较为乐观的调度结果,使系统最终调度结果更为合理。展开更多
在碳达峰碳中和的政策方针背景下,北方地区的冬季由于需要供热,使得热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)强迫出力,限制了新能源的消纳与碳减排的能力。利用碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术将热电联产机组产生...在碳达峰碳中和的政策方针背景下,北方地区的冬季由于需要供热,使得热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)强迫出力,限制了新能源的消纳与碳减排的能力。利用碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术将热电联产机组产生的CO_(2)捕捉并封存,将新能源发电通过电转气(power to gas,P2G)产生氢能并与捕集到的CO_(2)反应生成CH_(4),热电联产的燃气轮机使用合成的CH_(4)并掺入一定比例的H_(2)进行燃烧,循环使用CO_(2),减少碳排放并增加收益,进一步提高虚拟电厂参与电力市场的经济性与低碳性,促进新能源消纳,并保障北方冬季的供热量。建立了考虑P2G及碳捕集的热电联产虚拟电厂的数学模型,并通过MATLAB调用CPLEX求解器进行求解,仿真结果验证了所建模型的有效性。展开更多
基金the phased achievement of the 2020 China-SCO International Judicial Exchange and Cooperation Training Base Research Fund Project,“Research on the Risk and Avoidance of China’s Direct Investment in SCO Countries”(Project Number:20SHJD025)the subproject of the Discipline Construction Project of the School of Economics and Management of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law in 2021(Project Number:GH21004)+1 种基金that is,the phased achievement of the Economic Security Discipline Construction Project of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,“Analysis on the Security and Liquidity of China’s Outbound Investment”and the phased achievement of the 2014 Youth Scientific Research Fund Project of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law(Fourth Batch),“Factor Flow and Construction of Silk Road Economic Belt”(Project Number:2014XQN27).
文摘China’s path to becoming a strong trade power can be divided into three levels:the micro level of promoting factor cultivation,the meso level of achieving industrial dominance,and the macro level of participating in the establishment of the world system.As a feature of globalization,factor flow is the foundation and key to achieve the above three-level goals.In the first stage of reform and opening-up,China complied with the globalization characteristics of factor flow and gathered a large number of capital factors.It is now the second stage of reform and opening-up;that is,the stage of export-oriented investment.International investment may help in the path to become a strong trade power,or it may become an obstacle.The maximization of benefits and evasion of disadvantages are influenced by the grasp of investment risks.Therefore,special attention should be paid to identifying potential risks and controlling risks.
文摘Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering of OBDD focus primarily on area minimization. However, suitable input variable ordering helps in minimizing the power consumption also. In this particular work, we have proposed two algorithms namely, a genetic algorithm based technique and a branch and bound algorithm to find an optimal input variable order. Of course, the node reordering is taken care of by the standard BDD package buddy-2.4. Moreover, we have evaluated the performances of the proposed algorithms by running an exhaustive search program. Experi-mental results show a substantial saving in area and power. We have also compared our techniques with other state-of-art techniques of variable ordering for OBDDs and found to give superior results.
文摘An enhanced energy efficiency scheme, “Perform, Achieve and Trade” (PAT) is explored in relation to the existing carbon market in India, particularly the Clean Development Mechanism, Renewable Energy Certification and possible Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions. The PAT scheme incentivises energy-intensive large industries and facilities for Enhance Energy Efficiency, through technology upgrade and improvement in process. The PAT scheme currently identified 478 designated consumers from eight energy intensive industrial sectors namely, thermal power plants, iron and steel, cement, textiles, chlor-alkali, aluminum, fertilisers and pulp & paper. The threshold limit in thermal power plant sector to become a PAT designated consumer is 30,000 tonne of oil equivalent annual energy consumption. In the first PAT cycle, run through 2012 to 2015, total 144 designated consumers from various states have been identified with individual target. Thermal power plant sector has been categorized on the basis of their fuel input into three subsectors i.e. gas, oil and coal based plants. This paper reviews the state of the art in PAT mechanism design and operational features for implementation on thermal power plant sector. The possibility of implementing an Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) in India is explored from political and institutional perspectives.
文摘为进一步提升综合能源系统环境效益,减少新能源出力不确定性所带来的潜在风险,提出了计及条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)以及阶梯碳交易的综合能源系统优化调度模型。考虑到系统风电和光伏出力不确定性可能带来的影响,采用条件风险价值量度不确定性带来的潜在风险,并将碳捕获技术、电转气设备以及阶梯式碳交易机制引入系统调度模型,构建了综合考虑系统运行成本和碳交易成本的优化调度目标函数,由于所建立模型为混合整数规划问题,采用CPLEX求解器进行求解,设置4种场景进行验证分析,算例表明所提模型可有效减少二氧化碳排放,在兼顾经济性和环境性的同时引入CVaR,可避免由于忽略风光不确定性所带来的较为乐观的调度结果,使系统最终调度结果更为合理。
文摘在碳达峰碳中和的政策方针背景下,北方地区的冬季由于需要供热,使得热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)强迫出力,限制了新能源的消纳与碳减排的能力。利用碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术将热电联产机组产生的CO_(2)捕捉并封存,将新能源发电通过电转气(power to gas,P2G)产生氢能并与捕集到的CO_(2)反应生成CH_(4),热电联产的燃气轮机使用合成的CH_(4)并掺入一定比例的H_(2)进行燃烧,循环使用CO_(2),减少碳排放并增加收益,进一步提高虚拟电厂参与电力市场的经济性与低碳性,促进新能源消纳,并保障北方冬季的供热量。建立了考虑P2G及碳捕集的热电联产虚拟电厂的数学模型,并通过MATLAB调用CPLEX求解器进行求解,仿真结果验证了所建模型的有效性。
