Chinese Trade Unions:Shifting Priority from Corporate Interest to Employee Interest

With rising labor disputes over recent years,the role of Chinese trade unions has come to the spotlight of public attention.Based on the latest practices of labor relations in China,this paper employs such methods as text analysis,treatment effect model and instrumental variable to theoretically and empirically demonstrate the shifting role of trade unions in China.Our findings suggest that:(1)Trade unions have lived up to their mandate of protecting employee interest,and have significantly improved employee benefits.(2)Trade unions are no longer preoccupied with corporate interest as they did in a previous period and have restored their role as labor organizations.(3)With the shifting priority of the Party and government,administrative affiliation may propel the transition of operational and organizational models of trade unions,and contribute to rather than impede the shift in trade union functions.Thus,the Party and government should enhance leadership over trade union organizations to create harmonious labor relations.

Chinese Trade Unions Strive to Protect Workers' Rights and Interests in Dealing with the Global Financial Crisis

Protecting the rights and interests of workers and staff members constitutes an important aspect of China＇s human rights protection. At the time when the country is dealing with impacts of the global financial crisis, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions has been working fruitfully and effectively to accelerate economic and social development and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, therefore making contributions to the protection of the rights and interests of Chinese workers. Now I would like to make a brief introduction on this subject.

More Than 66 Mln Chinese Migrant Workers Join Trade Unions

According to figures recently released by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, more than 66.74 million Chinese migrant workers, people who come from rural areas and land jobs in cities, became trade union members. The federation estimated there are 210 million migrant workers nationwide with the country＇s rural population of 900 million. The total number of trade union members increased from 123 million in 2003 to 209 million by the end of June 2008, said the federation.

Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers 2004 (Excerpt)

During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate rights and interests of workers.

Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers (2005)(Excerpt)

EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which consist of 11 parts： preserve the correct orientation of Chinese trade unions as a protector of workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; protect workers＇ right to join and form trade union; organize and represent workers to exercise the right to equal consultation; protect workers＇ labor and economic rights; guarantee workers＇ democratic and political rights; fulfill workers＇ spiritual and cultural needs; actively participate in adjusting labor relations and handling labor disputes; protect migrant workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; promote gender equality and protect women workers＇ special rights and interests; take innovations in the way trade unions protect workers; and mobilize and organize workers to play the role of the working class as the main force in economic construction, and the following is an abstracted edition of it.

The Diffusion of Bilateral Tendencies in the Common Trade Policy of the European Union During the Global Financial and Economic Crisis

In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.

The Management and Use of Trade Union Funds in Public Institutions

Trade union funds are the basis and guarantee for various activities in public institutions.It is of great significance to constantly enhance the vitality of trade unions and the competitiveness of public institutions to continuously improve the management and use of trade union funds,thus giving full play to the role of trade union funds to better serve workers.This paper analyzes the management and use of trade union funds in the present situation and proposes several measures for improvement.

Revision of Trade Union Law: For Better Protection of Workers' Rights and Interests

On October 27, 2001, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted a decision on revision of the People's Republic of China Trade Union Law. Guan Huai, legal advisor to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, had the following to say in an interview with the Human Rights:

新质生产力驱动基层工会干部素质能力提升:模型重塑与实践路径

新质生产力的发展带来劳动者、劳动技能和劳动关系的新变化,这些变化促使工会积极采取行动,在发展新质生产力中发挥作用。而工会的行动能力和效果很大程度上取决于基层工会干部的素质能力。通过对X市、Y市基层工会干部进行深度访谈并结合问卷调查获得的文本资料,运用扎根理论方法对文本资料依次进行开放性编码、主轴式编码和选择性编码分析,形成政治素养、创新理念、工会使命观、知识结构、职业管理能力和职业心理特质六个主范畴,从而构建出面向新质生产力发展的基层工会干部素质能力模型。并对基层工会干部提升素质能力提出建议:强化政治理论学习增强党性修养,把握正确的政治方向;深刻领会新质生产力和新劳动的本质,以创新理念驱动工作;加强对工会工作的价值认同感,彰显工会力量;倡导持续学习学用结合的良好风气,适应新的工作局面。

非洲工会组织的现状、困境与振兴

非洲工会运动的发展历程大致经历了殖民时期、独立运动后早期和目前的政治转型期三个阶段。当前,非洲地区层面非洲工会统一组织和国际工会联盟非洲地区组织两大机构的分庭抗礼,次地区层面南部非洲工会协调理事会等工会组织的各自为政,以及国内层面多如牛毛的各种工会组织,使非洲工会运动的发展陷入困境。其困境主要表现为组织分散、财政虚弱和民主赤字。非洲工会组织如要突破现有困境、实现振兴,应从改善地区治理、推进组织联合、凝聚思想共识等方向发力。

中华全国总工会开展“整顿建家”活动的历史考察(1984-1987)

改革开放之初,中共中央对工会工作的指导方针发生重大转变,提出工会组织应建设成为“职工之家”。为此,1984—1987年,中华全国总工会领导开展了“整顿工会基层组织,建设‘职工之家’”活动,简称“整顿建家”。“整顿建家”活动以工会系统的基本恢复为基础,历经三个发展阶段,即由基层探索上升为顶层设计的探索启动阶段、自上而下逐级推进的全面展开阶段和走向全方位建设的深入发展阶段,期间中华全国总工会发挥重要领导和推动作用,基层工会工作面貌也焕然一新。通过“整顿建家”,基层工会组织建设全面加强,职工群众积极参与企业改革和各项体制改革,对工会工作满意度显著提升,建设“职工之家”也成为工会的一项常态化工作。“整顿建家”是工会40多年建家历史的“开创者”,其坚持普遍性与特殊性相统一的原则对当下工会建家工作仍有借鉴意义。

工会组织参与数字化基层治理的实践策略:以上海为例

当前基层治理已经进入数字化转型的制度重塑阶段,工会作为群团组织具有先天的组织优势,能够成为基层治理格局建设的重要依靠力量。上海已将“工会”纳入城市数字化转型总体规划,工会与街镇在整合工会资源到城市运行管理系统的过程中,存在着底层逻辑不同、系统协同性差、应用场景不足、数据研判价值低等问题,亟须从数据共享平台建设、数据映射社会运行能力、开发适合工会配套插件、精准辅助决策研判等方面获得技术赋能。

健全保障和改善民生制度体系:工会的角色定位和路径选择

中国工会履行维权服务基本职责与中国共产党健全保障和改善民生制度体系目标一致、方向一致,都是为了不断增强包括广大职工在内的人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。工会在健全保障和改善民生制度体系中具有重要地位,承担重要职责,是以人民为中心的发展思想的践行者,是保障和改善民生政策制定的参与者,是健全保障和改善民生制度体系的推动者。强化服务化理念、构建体系化格局、推进品牌化建设、拓展创新化路径、运用数智化赋能,是深化工会改革和建设,有效发挥桥梁纽带作用的切入点,也是工会履行维权服务基本职责,在健全保障和改善民生制度体系中发挥作用的重要着力点。

Sino-European Trade Competition in Latin America and the Caribbean

The article studies trade in goods between China and the Latin American and Caribbean （LAC） countries and between the European Union （EU） and LAC during the years from 2000 to 2013. From the beginning of the 21st century, big changes in LAC＇s trade patterns have been observed. The article contains possible explanation of them. The analysis is based on the ECLAC （Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean） data. Merchandise trade between China and LAC grew significantly over the period from 2000 to 2013. In 2013, the value of merchandise exports from China was higher than from the EU-28 in the case of 12 LAC countries. Chinese imports of goods surpassed the European ones in five countries in the region. In order to increase its exports of manufactured goods and imports of natural resources and agricultural commodities, China combines trade arrangements with foreign aid policy. Besides, a rapid development of bilateral diplomatic ties between China and LAC is observed. The EU-LAC trade relations have worsened during the last decade mainly due to financial crisis and development of the EU-Asia trade relations.

Impact of Prevailing Wages on the Cost among the Various Construction Trades

In 1997, the Ohio Senate passed Senate Bill 102 which established the Ohio School Facilities Commission as a separate agency to oversee the rebuilding projects of the public schools in Ohio. The bill also exempted the construction contractors from paying prevailing wages on these projects on the hypothesis that this exemption would lower the construction cost. The purpose of this study is to investigate this hypothesis through the statistical analysis of 8,093 bids received from the years 2000 through 2007 for the schools＇ construction. Union contractors who paid their workers union wages and non-union contractors who did not pay prevailing wages bid these projects. The hypothesis, that prevailing wage laws increased the construction cost, was tested by comparing the bids/SF （square foot） from both groups （union and nonunion） for the different construction trades. The study indicated that there was statistical significant difference between the bids/square foot for union contractors and the bids/square foot for non-union contractors for only the following trades： earthwork, existing conditions, plumbing, electrical and HVAC （heating, ventilation and air conditioning）. The averages of bids/SF from the union contractors were higher than those from the non-union contractors for earthwork, existing conditions and plumbing works, and the opposite for electrical and HVAC works. There was no statistical significant difference in the bids from the communications, concrete, conveying equipment, electronic safety and security, equipment, finishes, fire suppression, furnishings, masonry, openings, structural steel, thermal and moisture protection, plastics and composites and wood works.

中国碳市场建设成效与展望(2024)

碳交易通过显性碳定价原则,将排放的负外部效应内部成本化,为处理经济发展与减排关系提供了一种解决方案。截至2023年,全球共28个碳交易体系投入运行,覆盖的温室气体排放量超过全球排放总量的17%,实施区域从发达国家逐步拓展至发展中国家,从欧洲、北美等地逐步拓展至拉美、东亚等地,更多的区域选择将碳市场减排目标与宏观减排目标绑定,并通过不断优化制度提高市场有效性,碳市场影响力逐步提高。2023年中国全国碳市场核算、核查、配额分配、数据管理、自愿减排等制度方法取得重要突破,全年配额成交2.12亿吨,是2022年的4.2倍,成交均价68.15元/吨,较2022年上涨23.24%,较第一个履约周期上涨59.04%。经过两个履约周期的建设,全国碳市场已形成要素完整的全流程制度框架,责任主体分工明确,支撑平台安全运转,碳排放数据质量大幅提高,碳价格发现机制初步形成,碳减排激励约束效果初显,推动碳市场成为中国实现“双碳”战略目标的重要政策工具。下一步全国碳市场将扩大行业覆盖范围,梯次纳入水泥、民航、电解铝、钢铁等行业;优化配额分配方法,适时引入有偿分配机制;调整履约机制,明确结余配额结转规定;出台多项中国核证自愿减排方法学,完善强制减排与自愿减排市场的衔接;加快推进与国际碳市场的连接,促进技术、方法、标准、数据互认互通,协助积极应对欧盟碳边境调节机制。

数字中国背景下“智慧工会”建设与未来发展趋势

新时代我国信息化工作进入加快数字化发展、建设数字中国的新阶段。工会网上工作是党和国家网信事业的重要组成部分。党的十八大以来,全国各级工会高度重视工会网上工作开展,立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,抢抓信息革命机遇,围绕中心、服务大局,加快推进智慧工会建设高质量发展。数字中国背景下,我国工会网上工作从“互联网+工会”迈入“智慧工会”建设的关键时期。本文阐析了“智慧工会”建设存在的问题和面临的困难,并从信息理念的数字化转变、管理模式的网络化转变、决策形式的智能化转变和宣传方式的全媒体化转变四个方面阐析“智慧工会”建设的未来发展路径和趋势。

论中国特色社会主义工会学的建构逻辑

中国特色社会主义工会学的当代出场,适应了改革开放以来,尤其是中国特色社会主义进入新时代以来,我国工会工作蓬勃发展的客观要求,这是中国工会理论研究发展到一定阶段并向学科化转向的必然逻辑。中国特色社会主义工会学建构逻辑涵盖了研究对象、学科属性与基本特征,学科体系的逻辑起点与落脚点,范畴体系建构等,集中体现了中国工会发展在历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑高度统一基础上的创新逻辑。