Advances in Research Methods of Pharmacodynamic Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicines and Their Application in the Teaching of Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysi

With the continuous progress of science and technology,the research methods of pharmacodynamic substances in traditional Chinese medicine are developing,and the application of these methods in teaching is becoming more and more extensive.By introducing these research methods into the classroom,teachers can help students to deeply understand the nature and mechanism of action of pharmacodynamic substances in traditional Chinese medicine,and improve their interest in and knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine.This paper introduces the definition of pharmacodynamic substances in traditional Chinese medicine,research methods,and their application in the teaching of traditional Chinese medicine analysis.

Computational investigation on the molecular structure and chemical reactivity of a traditional Chinese medicine extract MK-1 molecule

MK-1 molecule(C_(16)H_(16)O_(2)),the simplest structure of vitamin K(VK)compound family,is an extract from traditional Chinese medicine Cymbopogon distans(Nees ex Steud.)Wats(Chinese name YunXiangCao),which has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to its antiasthmatic,antitussives and expectorant effects.To investigate the molecular structure and chemical reactivity of MK-1 molecule,computational investigations on six conformational minima structures were carried out at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)level of theory.Several local reactivity descriptors including condensed Fukui function,average local ionization energy,and molecular electrostatic potential on each individual atom were determined to predict the intrinsic reactivity of MK-1 molecule.

Computer Handling of Chemical and Biological Data of Traditional Chinese Medicines

A specialty database has been established at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology to handle the chemical and biological data of medicinal plants and other natural products from scientific literatures. Designed as a relational system capable of analyzing, comparing, and correlating data, the system can retrieve information in assimilated tabular formats. The database can provide information supports to researchers in the fields of medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, botany and other disciplines of natural products research.

The Prospect of Application of Extractive Reference Substance of Chinese Herbal Medicines

The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its clinical use of multiple ingredients with synergistic effects. The convention of using just a selected few Chemical Reference Substances (CRS) cannot adequately assess the quality of intact CHM. A validated chemical spectrum of an ERS provides the global characteristics in order to more specifically identify and assess targeted CHM. This paper describes the fundamental concepts, potential significance, and basic criteria of ERS, along with methods of preparation and calibration. Given the diversity of CHM, the various problems that will occur in establishing the proper process of ERS will need to be solved in a step by step manner. The ERSs of Ziziphi spinosae semen and ERS of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus are given as examples of the development of ERS and demonstrate why we are optimistic about the utility of this approach.

A Systematic Review on Chemical Constituents of Suanzaoren Decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription

Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription Suanzaoren decoction (SZRD) is composed of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae rhizoma, Poria and Licorice. It was used to treat central nervous system diseases such as insomnia and anxiety for thousands of years. This paper aims to systematically understand varieties and quantities of compounds and clarify chemical components of SZRD, subsequently to further provide the reference for phytochemistry and pharmacology researches of SZRD. Our results showed that SZRD contained 145 components, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, coumarins, phthalides, and volatile oils, etc., while five-single herbs contain 1104 components. Only in terms of compound number, there were 80 common components in SZRD and its five herbs, which accounted for 6.8% of total compounds in all 5 herbs and 55.2% of compounds in SZRD. The components of SZRD were not simply the sum of one in every single herb. It is necessary to perform parallel studies among SZRD and its herbs. This review discussed the problems that existed in the chemical research of SZRD and pointed out the direction for its further research.

Analogous Systems Principles and Concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Congruence Couple Therapy

This article explicates the analogous principles and concepts between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and congruence couple therapy(CCT).Although originating out of vastly different times and places,TCM and CCT share a view of health based on systems understanding to facilitate the interconnections of the parts of an organism rather than focusing on eliminating symptoms.Both approaches aim to release Qi(气)and vitality by removing blockages through adjusting the interactions,adaptation,and balance of multiple elements and Yin‑Yang energies.The goal is to liberate the Qi or life force through improved holistic balance and cooperation.While TCM focuses on interventions at the level of the body,CCT focuses on the attention,awareness,acknowledgement,and alignment of the four human dimensions consisting of the intrapsychic,interpersonal,intergenerational,and universal‑spiritual.In light of the current trend toward increasing mental,substance use,and neurological disorders,in particular among countries of middle and low income,dialogue to explore these compatibilities between TCM and CCT is conducive to the continuous evolution of TCM and Western therapies to address not only physical health but also the exigencies of contemporary addiction and mental health care within a mind–body relationship matrix.

基于外泌体精准靶向调控肿瘤微环境的中药抗肿瘤作用研究进展

中药及复方制剂用于肿瘤治疗历史悠久,然而由于中药多成分、多靶点等特点,现有的药理研究技术尚未阐明中药抗癌药效物质及机制,限制了抗癌中药的临床应用及发展。因此,找到癌症早期临床诊断标志物及药物作用评价靶标尤为重要。外泌体是肿瘤微环境中细胞、组织、器官信息传递的主要介质之一,影响并决定肿瘤的恶性程度。本文通过对外泌体生物发生途径及功能进行综述,揭示外泌体在肿瘤微环境条件下,调控肿瘤发生发展的作用及机制,旨在阐释基于外泌体作为抗肿瘤药物载体,挖掘中药抗肿瘤药效物质,并构建“外泌体-肿瘤微环境-药效成分-作用靶点”整合分析方法,阐释中药抗肿瘤作用机制科学内涵的新思路与新方法,推动中医药在传承创新中高质量发展。

真菌发酵对中药化学成分的转化及应用研究进展

真菌发酵可以使中药化学成分发生糖基化、羟基化、甲基化等多种化学反应,并产生丰富的次生代谢产物,具有效率高、条件温和、选择性强、不污染环境、反应类型多等优势,但发酵过程的稳定性和可控性一直是个难题。该文概括了中药发酵技术及常用于发酵中药的真菌,综述了中药化学成分(黄酮、生物碱、甾体、萜类、醌类、苯丙素)的转化机制,并总结了真菌发酵中药常见菌种在中药成分转化中的应用,为后续合理利用真菌进行中药成分研究与开发提供参考依据。

古代丝绸之路上域外食药物质传入对中医食养发展影响初探

古代丝绸之路作为一条中外商贸、文化往来交流的重要通道,其对中医学的发展存在较为深远的影响。“食养”作为中医养生中维护人类健康、延长人类寿命的一种养生方式愈发得到重视。通过对“丝绸之路”中“食药物质”传入情况的梳理,发现其中某些物质被频繁使用制作药膳,包括粥、汤、酒、糕点、菜肴等不同类型、既有补虚等的日常药膳,也有针对某些疾病的治疗药膳;通过梳理还发现香料类“食药物质”被渗透到饮食的方方面面,于食可以调味又疗疾,于饮可以制出日常饮用的保健饮料,这些认识与应用都对现代中医食养的发展起到一定启示作用。

中药辐照灭菌研究进展

灭菌是中药生产的关键环节之一,更是确保中药安全、有效、质量可控的重要因素。传统灭菌技术如湿热灭菌等在诸多情况下因自身固有的缺点而受到限制。相比之下,辐照灭菌法凭借其快捷、高效、杀菌力强以及成本低等优势,日益受到人们的关注。然而,由于辐照具有放射性及强穿透性,中药化学成分复杂,在经一定剂量辐射后,其化学成分与药理活性等可能会发生变化。但目前,对于中药辐照灭菌后化学成分变化、有效性和安全性尚缺乏系统研究。本文结合近年来60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照灭菌在中药灭菌研究的现状,综述辐照对中药有效性的影响、辐照的检测方法以及安全性评价等,以期为后续中药辐照灭菌的应用提供一定的参考。

2D-LC/MS技术在中药分析中的应用

2D-LC/MS技术具有强大的分离能力和分辨率,且分析速度快、灵敏度高,能够提供化合物的精确质量数及碎片结构信息,可有效解决中药复杂体系中共洗脱及微量成分无法表征鉴定的问题,在中药分析领域具有良好的应用前景。本文简要综述了2D-LC/MS技术的特点及其在中药化学成分分析和鉴定中的应用,为今后2D-LC/MS技术在中药研究中发挥更大的作用提供参考。

生物活性测定法在中药质量控制应用中的研究进展

生物活性测定法可以有效保障中药的有效性和安全性,在中药质量检测中有良好的应用前景,同时可以和其他质量检测方法联合应用,建立多元化的中药质量控制模式。但生物活性测定法也存在一定的不足,面临许多的挑战,需要进一步的探索和发展。本文在介绍生物活性测定法基本内容的基础上,通过查找和阅读国内外相关文献,讨论生物活性测定法相较于化学分析方法和传统感官评价方法在中药质量检测中的优势及应用,以探讨生物活性测定法在中药质量控制中的应用及研究进展。

中药药效物质及靶点发现新技术的研究进展

科学技术的不断进步推动了中医药现代化研究的进程。然而,在复杂的中药体系中,药效物质难以辨识、作用靶标表征困难等瓶颈问题仍然存在。因此,文章旨在整合近年来中药药效物质筛选及药效靶点发现领域的新技术,以期能够为药效物质发现和药理机制探究提供新的参考,为进一步加快中药现代化进程提供新的见解。

网络药理学和斑马鱼模型在中药药效物质及作用机制研究中的应用进展

网络药理学高度契合中药多成分、多靶点的整体观和系统论思想,在中药现代化过程中迅速发展。实验验证是网络药理学的关键研究内容之一。斑马鱼模型具有完整的药物代谢系统、复杂的体内环境和靶点、通路调控机制,且利用该模型开展实验具有用药量少、高通量、周期短等优势。近年来,网络药理学预测结合斑马鱼模型实验验证的研究模式,在阐明中药药效物质及作用机制方面得到广泛应用。本文对网络药理学和斑马鱼模型综合应用的进展及发展趋势进行综述,以期为该方法在阐明中药功效现代科学内涵中的应用提供参考。

中药甘松化学成分药理作用及临床应用研究进展

甘松是中国常见的药用植物,历史悠久,其主要化学成分为萜类、黄酮类、挥发油等,对人体心血管、神经、消化及内分泌系统的疾病有显著作用。随着现代药理学的发展,甘松中更多的化学成分被发现,药理作用也不断被开发,临床应用范围也逐步扩大。文章对近年来甘松的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用相关研究作出综述,为甘松的开发应用提供参考依据。

中药与西药之争

在这个科技发展日新月异的时代,西药攻克了越来越多的疑难杂症,中药也保持着源远流长的传承,帮助人类顽强地对抗疾病。深入了解中西药中发挥重要作用的化学成分及作用机理相关知识,能够促进中西医药融合,共同守护人类的身体健康。

质谱仪在中药研究中的应用现状和趋势

质谱仪是由离子源、质量分析器和离子检测器组成的仪器统称,其最初用于对同位素的分离和检测。近年来在中药研究领域得到了一定程度的应用,并取得了较好的研究成果。文章就质谱仪的种类及特点、质谱仪与其他仪器联用及优势、质谱仪在中药研究领域的应用等内容进行了综述,为更好地使用质谱仪及进行中药研究与分析提供参考。

中药制剂化学稳定性及其调控策略

中药制剂具有毒性低、不良反应少、疗效可靠等优点,是我国医药产品的重要组成部分。然而中药制剂中的化学成分在制备、储存、运输和使用过程中易受自身和外界因素的影响而发生化学变化,出现中药制剂化学稳定性问题,从而影响其安全性和药理活性。如何通过有效措施提升中药制剂化学稳定性是一关键性问题。因此,本文在分析了中药制剂一般稳定性和化学稳定性研究现状、概述了中药制剂化学成分变化机制及影响因素的基础上,结合相关文献,提出了提高中药制剂化学稳定性的调控策略,以期为中药制剂的研究、开发与利用提供参考。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS的参芪扶正注射液主要成分鉴定及其治疗三阴性乳腺癌的网络药理学研究

目的 应用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱联用(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术和网络药理学方法,鉴定参芪扶正注射液的主要成分,探究其治疗三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)的作用机制,为其药效物质基础研究提供依据。方法 (1)参芪扶正注射液主要成分鉴定:采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术,结合天然产物高分辨质谱数据库及相关文献,明确参芪扶正注射液的主要成分。(2)网络药理学研究:基于中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、中草药化合物蛋白质靶标数据库(HIT)、有机小分子生物活性数据库(PubChem)、化合物靶点预测平台(Swiss Target Prediction)、本草组鉴数据库(HERB)获取参芪扶正注射液主要成分的潜在靶点,利用人类基因综合数据库(GeneCards)、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)、治疗靶点数据库(TTD)获得TNBC疾病潜在靶点,二者相结合得到参芪扶正注射液治疗TNBC的潜在靶点;运用蛋白互作关系数据库(STRING)平台、Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建蛋白互作网络图并进行网络拓扑分析,获得参芪扶正注射液治疗TNBC的关键靶点;运用R语言进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。(3)动物实验验证:制备异种移植瘤乳腺癌小鼠模型,分为模型组与参芪扶正注射液低、中、高剂量(20、40、60 mL/kg)组,干预4周后取肿瘤组织,运用Western blot方法检测肿瘤组织中磷酸化磷脂肌醇3激酶(p-PI3K)、磷脂肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、乳腺癌耐药蛋白(ABCG2)表达情况,并对预测潜在靶点进行实验验证。结果 (1)参芪扶正注射液的主要成分为党参炔苷、鸟苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、壬二酸、黄芪甲苷、美迪紫檀苷等。(2)网络药理学研究结果显示,参芪扶正注射液的主要成分主要作用于肿瘤蛋白p53(TP53)、白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、己糖激酶2(HK2)、缺氧诱导因子1亚基α(HIF1A)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶9(CASP9)、ABCG2、ATP结合盒转运体B1(ABCB1)、原癌基因(MYC)等关键靶点,调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)、缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)、T细胞受体等信号通路。(3)动物实验验证结果显示,参芪扶正注射液降低了实验动物肿瘤组织中p-PI3K水平,抑制了P-gp和ABCG2的表达。结论 参芪扶正注射液中的主要成分为党参炔苷、鸟苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、壬二酸、黄芪甲苷、美迪紫檀苷等,其抗TNBC的作用机制与其通过调控PI3K信号通路和调节耐药相关蛋白表达有关。

中药香囊化学成分及其应用研究进展

中药香囊源自中医衣冠疗法,是一种颇具中国传统文化特色的随身饰物,具有多方面的功能,特别是其防疫应用价值备受关注。本文通过整理中药香囊相关文献,对中药香囊的起源及发展历史、组方、主要挥发性成分及其功效、香囊应用等进行归纳总结,以期为更好地发挥、发掘中药香囊的价值提供参考,为中药香囊的深度研发提供依据。