Problems in the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Industry in Shiyan City and Countermeasures

Through the analysis on the cultivation advantages and development problems of traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, some measures were proposed to enlarge and enhance the traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry, namely, large-scale, standardized, market-oriented and regionalized planting, thereby making it the pillar industry for farmers to increase income.

Promoting the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the New Century

Reviewing the past, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the 20th century experienced vicissitude. Since the founding the People's Republic of China, especially for the past twenty years, traditional Chinese medicine undertaking, full of vigor and vitality, has made an unprecedented development in China. The legal status and scientific status of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology have already been established. The medical system of traditional Chinese medicine, which is composed of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, ethnic minority medicine hospitals, integration of traditional and western medicine hospitals and comprehensive hospitals, is playing an important role in preventing, treating diseases and enhancing people's health level. The system of production and circulation for traditional Chinese medicine has basically guaranteed the people's demand for Chinese medicine, with the principles of producing medicinal materials as basis, taking Chinese medicine industry as pillar and Chinese medicine as link. Remarkable achievements have been scored in the research of TCM development as well as research of TCM basic theory and clinical treatment. A number of scientific and technological results have been transformed into productive forces. TCM education has formed a rational pattern based on inheriting traditional way of transmission from master to disciple as well as taking the university and college education as the main part. Minority medical science has been further explored and sorted out; the level of medical treatment, teaching and scientific research for ethnic minority medicines has been improved. As the contingent of integrated traditional and western medicine is growing steadily, medical treatment system, scientific research system and teaching system for integrated traditional and western medicine takes shape progressively. International exchange and cooperation on traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly promoted. Various forms of cooperative relations on the TCM medical treatment, teaching and scientific research have been established between China and many other countries and regions in the world. With the increasing influence of TCM in the world, the accomplishment of traditional Chinese medicine in the 20th century has attracted world attention.

Treatment of Chinese traditional medicine wastewater in a submerged membrane bioreactor

A pilot scale test was conducted in a submerged membrane bioreactor SMBR with capacity of 10.0 m3/d for 120 days to treat high-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. Performance of the SMBR was investigated with a sludge retention time (TSR) of 50 days, a hydraulic retention time (THR) of 8.0 h, membrane flux of 8.0 L/(m2·h) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 2.0-3.0 mg/L, respectively. It was observed that the SMBR had high capacity of COD and suspended solid (SS) removal. The influent COD concentration was fluctuated between 1 000 and 5 000 mg/L, while the averaged effluent COD concentration was only 44.6 mg/L. The influent SS concentration was fluctuated between 1 000 and 1 600 mg/L, while little effluent SS was detected. It was found that the COD remove rate increased with mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and organic loading rate (ROL). In order to obtain good-quality effluent, the operational conditions of the SMBR were suggested as follows: the temperature was controlled above 10 ℃, MLSS about 7000 mg/L, ROL under 24.76 kg/(m3·d), low vacuum value and constant water flux.

Antiviral activity of traditional Chinese medicinal plants Dryopteris crassirhizoma and Morus alba against dengue virus

Dengue virus(DENV) has emerged as a major virus that is spread by mosquitoes. Recently, it has spread to more than a hundred nations but continues to lack specific treatable medication. Many traditional Chinese medicinal(TCM) plants are in practice for dengue fever in dengue endemic regions. These traditional medicines persevere with treatments, which modern medicines lack. The study aims to substantiate the anti-dengue potential of some traditional herbs and make them available for further studies to facilitate TCM users. Twelve TCM plants aqueous extracts were evaluated, which are described as cool herbs used for the diseases with high fever. Lead plants were established through detailed in vitro foci forming unit reduction analysis(FFURA) against all four serotypes and validated through quantitative real-time RT-PCR(q RT-PCR). Four plants potentially inhibited the virus in primary phenotypic in vitro evaluation. Two lead plants Dryopteris crassirhizoma(DC) and Morus alba(MA) were identified with half minimal inhibitory concentration(IC50) 130 and 221 μg m L^-1, respectively, while the selectivity indices(SI) were 4.21 and 4.62, respectively. Lead plants equally inhibited all four serotypes of DENV. Time-of-addition analysis suggested that, DC was active at later stages of viral replication, whereas MA was active during the early stages and even showed some prophylactic activity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC/MS) analysis revealed presence of flavonoids. DC and MA are identified as potential anti-dengue plants, active against varied stages of dengue virus replication cycle. These results may serve as the base knowledge for further investigation on their combined treatments or integrative treatment with western medicines, which may improve the overall anti-dengue activity in future.

Distribution patterns and industry planning of commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal plants in China

Medicinal plants are the primary material basis for disease prevention and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The conservation and sustainable utilization of these medicinal plants is critical for the development of the TCM industry.However,wild medicinal plant resources have sharply declined in recent decades.To ameliorate the shortage of medicinal plant resources,it is essential to explore the development potential of the TCM industry in different geographical regions.For this purpose,we examined the spatial distribution of commonly used medicinal plants in China,the number of Chinese medicinal material markets,and the number of TCM decoction piece enterprises.Specifically,multispecies superimposition analysis and Thiessen polygons were used to reveal the optimal range for planting bulk medicinal plants and the ideal regions for building Chinese medicinal material markets,respectively.Furthermore,we quantitatively analyzed mismatches between the spatial distribution of commonly used medicinal plant richness,Chinese medicinal material markets,and TCM decoction piece enterprises.We found that the areas suitable for growing commonly used medicinal plants in China were mainly distributed in Hengduan Mountain,Nanling Mountain,Wuling Mountain,and Daba Mountain areas.The Thiessen polygon network based on Chinese medicinal material market localities showed there are currently fewer markets in southwestern,northwestern,and northeastern China than in central and southern China.TCM decoction piece enterprises are concentrated in a few provinces,such as Hebei and Jiangxi.We found that the distribution of commonly used medicinal plants,Chinese medicinal material markets and TCM decoction piece enterprises are mismatched in Henan,Shaanxi,Hunan,Hubei,Zhejiang,Fujian,Chongqing,and Xizang.We recommend strengthening development of the TCM industry in Henan,Hunan,Zhejiang,Shaanxi,Hubei,Chongqing,Fujian,and Xizang;building more Chinese medicinal material markets in southwestern,northwestern,and northeastern China;and establishing medicinal plant nurseries in resource-rich provinces to better protect and domesticate local medicinal plants.

辽宁省海城市中药资源调查与分析

目的 通过对辽宁省海城市中药资源的普查,掌握海城市药用植物资源现状及部分重点品种的蕴藏量,为海城市中药资源的保护及可持续开发利用提供理论参考。方法 以第四次《全国中药资源普查技术规范》要求为标准制定普查方案,采用传统野外调查与现代技术相结合的方法,对海城市药用植物资源进行调查及数据分析。结果研究共完成了36个样地、180个样方套、1080个样方的调查,调查到药用植物452种,涉及86科290属;其中2020版《中华人民共和国药典》收载的重点调查品种112种,辽宁省新纪录植物2种。结论 海城市药用植物资源较为丰富,县域内大部分中药物种种群处于稳定状态,少数种群呈减少趋势,政府应采取措施加强动态监测与保护,普查工作的开展有助于县域内中药文化知识的推广普及,亦为海城市中药资源的可持续发展及开发利用提供科学依据。

中医硕士专业学位研究生培训基地调查分析

文章调查了23个住院医师规范化培训基地中医专硕的招生培养、硬件建设情况,发现培训基地对于住院医师规范化培训的组织管理体系完善,拥有一支高水平的临床带教师资队伍,为研究生学习提供了良好的硬件环境,保障了研究生住院医师规范化培训的质量,研究生结业考核通过率高。但也存在研究生学习有待适应、研究生招生规模与基地培训容量不协调、基地间的培训质量差异较大等问题。

高职中药专业学生职业核心素养评价体系构建

随着社会的发展以及企业对人才需求的转变,要求职业教育既强调学生职业技能的培养,又关注学生职业核心素养的养成。因此,如何构建适应我国社会经济发展所需的高职学生职业核心素养评价体系,成为我国职业教育面临的新挑战。以中药专业为例,构建学生职业核心素养评价体系,探讨高职学生职业核心素养培育路径、评价主体及评价结果运用等内容,将社会主义核心价值观融入人才培养全过程,实现高职学生职业生涯可持续发展。

生物质炭调控药用植物连作障碍的研究进展

我国是中药材种植大国,但不合理的栽培方式和管理措施导致中药材连作障碍在种植区普遍存在,造成药材减产变质、道地产区转移、资源保护与利用不协调等,严重影响药用植物生长发育。因此对中药材连作土壤进行修复是解决中药材连作障碍的一个关键措施。生物质炭一般呈碱性,是一种良好的土壤改良剂,能够增加土壤养分、改良酸化土壤、提升植物品质,近年来得到广泛关注与应用,因此利用生物质炭作为调理剂来缓解中药材连作障碍具有一定潜力。本文针对我国中药材连作障碍的可能成因及潜在危害,分析生物质炭在解决药用植物连作造成的土壤理化性质改变、土壤微生物区系改变、化感自毒危害等问题上的作用,并对生物质炭在药用植物生产上的应用潜力进行展望。

中医专业学位研究生岗位胜任力的研究现状

中医专业学位研究生,是为满足中国中医事业发展对中医专门人才的迫切需求而培养的具有中医临床能力的更高层次医疗人才,其临床思维与能力主要通过中医住院医师规范化培训进行提升,其培训成果可以通过岗位胜任力进行评估。本文通过整理目前国内外医师岗位胜任力模型研究,梳理国内中医专业学位研究生岗位胜任力研究进展,以及对比现有临床医师岗位胜任力模型内容,进行综述,旨在基于现有岗位胜任力模型研究现况,融汇中医特色,探索适合中医专业学位研究生规范化培训体系,更好地提升中医专业学位研究生整体水平,为我国中医事业发展输送更多高质量的人才。

四川省通川区药用植物资源调查

目的:依托第四次全国中药资源普查(试点),采用野外样地调查和查阅文献资料等方法,对通川区中药植物资源进行调查,并对科、属组成类型、生活类型、组成特点、药用功效等多方面进行分析,旨在全面系统了解通川区中药材资源的分布情况。方法:通过选择双龙镇、盘石镇等共7个镇、3个乡、1个街道社区等区域,由全国中药资源普查信息管理系统随机生成41个样地,通过调查样方180个,样方套1080个,全面掌握通川区中药材资源的分布情况。结果:共完成36个样地调查,统计到通川区药用植物共775种,隶属于154科,533属,其中被子植物719种,蕨类植物44种,裸子植物12种。结论:通川区中药资源丰富,了解通川区中药材资源分布,可为持续开发利用提供了参考依据。

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定中药材专用膨大剂类农肥中21种植物生长调节剂的含量

提出了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定中药材专用膨大剂类农肥中21种植物生长调节剂含量的方法。取农肥样品0.1 mL,经10 mL 50%(体积分数)乙腈溶液提取,150 mg MgSO_(4)和50 mg C_(18)吸附剂净化;在上清液中加入内标,涡旋、过滤后,取续滤液注入高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪。采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC C_(18)色谱柱,以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相体系进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。结果表明:21种植物生长调节剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积比值呈线性关系,检出限为0.01~4.00μg·kg^(-1),日内、日间测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5.0%;按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为71.6%~105%。

植物复合香味防螨黏胶纤维制备及性能研究

将甜橙精油、薰衣草精油、桔子精油按照5.0∶1.5∶1.0混合后制成复合香味精油微胶囊,艾草提取物和白鲜皮提取物按质量比为3.0∶2.0制成20%水溶液,复合香味精油微胶囊添加量占纺丝液总体积2%,提取物水溶液按总的质量为纺丝液中甲纤质量的10%添加与黏胶纺丝液共混,采用湿法纺丝方法制备线密度为1.67 dtex、长度为38 mm的植物中药复合香味防螨黏胶纤维,并对其性能和功能进行测试。结果表明:植物中药复合香味防螨黏胶纤维的结晶度、力学性能均能满足后续纺纱织造对纤维的要求;功能纤维香味浓郁,经12次洗涤后,留香率为27.30%,螨虫驱避率为73.53%,该功能纤维在针织服装、针织床品等方面具有较大市场前景。

中西互补交叉创新——在生理学课堂上讲好中医药故事

中西医并重是“健康中国”发展战略的重要组成部分。作为中西医临床专业的基础课,生理学搭建了基础医学通向临床医学的桥梁。在生理学课堂上,教师围绕中西医临床专业培养目标,介绍中西医交叉融合的最新成果,加入中医特色的实验项目,讲好中医药故事,对增强学生的中医药文化自信和中西医结合专业自信,培养学生中西医结合的理念和思维,奠定从事中西医结合研究的基础,具有十分重要的意义。

基于可视化知识图谱的中医学专业人才培养研究热点与前沿分析

为更好地把握中医专业教育的发展规律,探究其发展轨迹,以中国知网、维普、万方数据库为文献来源,运用CiteSpace 6.1R3软件对2003—2023年我国中医专业人才培养相关研究成果进行可视化分析。研究表明,我国中医专业人才培养工作呈现波动上升发展态势,新医科是中医专业人才国际化培养的主要研究前沿。中医人才的国际化培养模式应将教育与临床实践相结合,强化新医科建设,培养既适应时代需要又具备全球视野的优秀新医科人才。

教育数字化背景下体育如何融入中医康复技术专业群建设实践探索——以Y职业学校为例

教育数字化背景下推动职业教育高质量发展,Y职业学校公共基础教学部体育教研组以该校中医康复技术专业群省高水平建设为契机,积极打造“教育数字化+体育+专业群”的G省中职质量工程在线精品课程建设项目。将数字化、体育与健康课程、中医康复技术专业群等元素融合于一门课,结合专业群特点,对在线精品课程定位、目标、内容、教学设计、教师团队、技术支持等方面进行规划设计探讨,旨在探寻出数字化背景下体育课程融入专业群建设的相关做法,助力专业群高水平建设。

贵州省仁怀市药用植物资源调查分析

目的:通过对仁怀市中药资源普查,全面掌握该地药用植物资源现状,并摸底中药材市场和流通情况。方法:以全国第四次中药资源普查技术规范为指导,采用野外样地实地调查、市场走访调查的方法,对仁怀市药用植物资源进行普查与统计分析。结果:本研究共调查了41个样地1230个样方,采集药用植物566种,隶属130科365属,其中127种植物被2020版《中国药典》收载。植物生活型主要以草本为主,占总种数的48.94%。植物药材入药部位以全草类,根及根茎类为主,占总种数的72.09%。药材性味以寒性、苦味药物最多,分别占总种数的27.09%和41.34%。结论:仁怀市中药资源较为丰富,但存在“多的不特,特的不多”情况,中药材产业发展滞后。建议当地政府合理规划中药材产业发展,促进中药材资源的可持续开发利用。

“一带一路”视域下中泰中医药贸易合作的机遇与挑战

中医药进入泰国已有数百年的历史,经过几代华侨华人、中医人士和泰国有识之士的共同努力,泰国成为中国以外第一个实现中医药全面合法化的国家。当前泰国存在一定的中医药贸易需求和市场,但中医药在泰国的发展仍面临着许多挑战。在“一带一路”背景下,深入泰国当地调研并理清中医药贸易潜在的机遇与挑战对深化中泰中医药贸易合作显得尤为重要。基于调研结果,从中医药立法、政策、市场发展和需求方面梳理当前中泰中医药贸易合作的优势与潜在挑战,有针对性地提出促进中泰中医药贸易合作交流的政策建议。比如,建议中央政府能够加强其协调作用,合理整合相关资源,加深地方政府和企业对泰国卫生政策的了解,以更好地与泰国相关方面进行对接。其次,中方可以充分利用“泰医4.0战略”等平台,抢抓发展契机,将中医药推广与“泰医4.0战略”有机结合,激发更多发展中医药贸易合作机遇和潜力。此外,中泰双方还需要持续深化中医药的教育和管理体系的交流合作,为中医药贸易合作夯实基础。

通过循证医学培养中医专硕能力探究

近年来循证医学(EBM)发展迅速,许多院校也开设了EBM课程,通过实践,研究EBM对学生临床能力的影响。文章探究EBM对中医专硕的作用,通过论述其他院校开展EBM课程对学生的影响,来分析EBM对中医专硕的影响。EBM对于临床实际有促进作用,可以提高学生的自主性,提升学生将理论运用于实际的能力,锻炼学生临床思维。将中医药特色与EBM相结合,运用具有中医药特色的案例式教学方法,可以提高中医专硕学生的临床医疗决策水平,对提高中医专硕将最新研究证据与临床专业技能结合的能力有促进作用。

整体观视域下中医学专业学位硕士科研能力培养探索——以承德医学院为例

整体观是中医学的基本特点之一,是对人自身,人与自然界、社会相互协调、相互为用关系的高度概括。整体观视域下,中医学专业型硕士研究生的临床能力培养与科研思维养成并非此消彼长的关系,而是在一定条件下能够互相促进、共同发展。此文在整体观视域下分析中医学专业型硕士临床科研能力培养的意义、现有问题出现的原因并对解决方式进行探索,为优化中医专业型硕士研究生培养方案、促进中医专业型硕士研究生临床思维与科研能力双提升提供有效借鉴。