The basic core traditional C hinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its active mechanisms

Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.

Clinical research progress of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eyes

Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and little toxic and side effect in the treatment of dry eye.This paper collates the domestic reported clinical studies on the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye,which are discussed from four aspects:special prescription for specific disease,addition and subtraction of main prescription,treatment based on syndrome differentiation and proprietary Chinese medicine.The curative effect and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye are demonstrated,providing a reference for the treatment of dry eye in the future.

Therapeutic Effect of Oral Administration and External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenopathy

Objective:To analyze the clinical effect and value of oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy.Methods:A total of 56 patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy admitted to our hospital from January 1 to January 2018 were recruited.By using double-blind method,the patients were divided into control group(n=28)and experimental group(n=28).Control group comprised of patients with conventional anti-tuberculosis treatment,while the experimental group comprised of patients treated with oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.Total effective rate,incidence of complication and level of T lymphocyte subsets were compared between the two groups of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy patients.Results:Post-treatment data of total effective rate,complication rate,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+of the experimental group were compared with the control group.P<0.05;statistical analysis showed statistical significance.Post-treatment data of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+of both control and experimental groups were compared with pre-treatment data.P<0.05;statistical analysis showed statistical significance.Conclusion:Oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine possesses significant effect in treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy.

The Research on the Characteristics of the Bureaucratic Administration -based upon the Classifications ofWeber＇s Legitimate Authority

Political legitimacy is the question about how a regime could be stable and lasting. Max Weber, a scholar, defined legitimacy earliest and carried out a systematic study in the history. He divided the legitimate authority into traditional authority, authority of charisma and authority of legal theory. This paper is just based upon authority rules of the three types, and discusses the organization＇s establishment, operational and managerial characteristics under the three kinds of authority. It is expected to provide references for reform of the administrative system.

Research on the modern clinical herbal administration rules in TCM treatment of ovarian cysts based on data mining

Objective:To explore the recent 20 years' herbal administration rules in TCM treatments of ovarian cysts (OCs) based on data mining.Methods:A prescription database for ovarian cysts was established by ACCESS 2007.Importing the database into SPSS17.0 and SPSS Modeler14.1.SPSS17.0 was used for descriptive and cluster analyses,while SPSS Modeler14.1 was used for association rules analysis.Results:After screening,363 prescriptions were obtained.The 10 most frequently-used Chinese herbal medicines are Zedoaria (Rhizoma Curcumae),Poria cocos (Poria),Common buried rubber (Rhizoma Sparganii),Red peony root (Radix Paeoniae Rubra),Peach seed (Semen Persicae),Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis),Chinese angelica (Ramulus Cinnamomi),Liquorice root (Radix Glycyrrhizae),Pangolin scales (Squama Manis) and Moutan cortex (Cortex Moutan Radicis);the 5 most common syndromes of OCs are qi stagnation and blood stasis,phlegm and blood stasis,uterine blood stasis,stagnation of liver qi and retention of phlegm and dampness,nearly to 54.26%;In association rules analysis,5 sets of two-herbs association rules were obtained,17 sets of three-herbs association rules were obtained,22 sets of four-herbs association rules were obtained and 4 sets of five-herbs association rules were obtained;By clustering,13 sets of core couplet medicinals were obtained.Conclusion:Medicinal herbs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,resolve hard lumps,for strengthening the spleen,eliminating phlegm,and relieving liver qi stagnation were highly used in the treatment of OCs;Herbs attributed to the Liver Meridian,the Spleen Meridian and the Heart Meridian were highly used in OCs;The compatibility of herbs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and resolve hard lumps were highly used;Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) was often used and combined with other herbs in the treatment of OCs.

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine alone in the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux.Methods:PubMed,The Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database were searched for randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux from database establishment time to December 2020.After two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data and evaluated the bias risk included in the study,RevMan5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 12 randomized controlled trials,were included,including 893 patients.The results of meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate of the treatment group(relative risk=1.28,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.19,1.38),P<0.00001),RGERDQ(refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease)score(mean difference(MD)=−3.35,95%CI(−4.13,−2.57),P<0.00001],acid reflux(acid in the stomach comes out of the mouth)[MD=−0.30,95%CI(−0.45,−0.15),P<0.00001],heartburn(the feeling that the heart is burned)(MD=−0.44,95%CI(−0.60,−0.29),P<0.00001,and retrosternal pain(MD=−0.27,95%CI(−0.44,−0.10),P<0.00001,belching(MD=−0.40,95%CI(−0.57,−0.24),P<0.00001],endoscopic mucosal score(MD=−0.62,95%CI(−0.78,−0.46),P<0.00001],the differences were statistically significant,and the effective rate of mucosal improvement under endoscopy was P=0.93>0.05,with no statistically significant difference.Conclusion:The current evidence shows that traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease is better than that of western medicine in the total effective rate,relieving acid reflux,heartburn,retrosternal pain and belching symptoms,but it is impossible to judge the improvement of mucosa under endoscope.Due to the limitations of the quality and quantity of included studies,more high-quality studies are needed to confirm the above conclusions.

The Great Significance of Establishing Strategic Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), based on the philosophic idea of “correlation between man and nature” and “balance of Yin and Yang” and characterized by “integrated concept” and “syndrome identification & treatment determination”, adjusts and activates the self-recuperating ability to rectify its differentiation from normality of human body to meet the goal of preventing and treating diseases mainly by means of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, acupuncture and moxibustion, etc. The idea of “Human should be in harmony with Nature including bacterium, virus, etc., but not to exterminate microbe in a large scale”, held and promoted by TCM gives, rise to a delicate physiological equilibrium kept between man and microbe and this is just the development trend of medical science in future. For thousands years, TCM has made indelible contribution to the reproduction and prosperity of the Chinese nation, and under the countless attacks of pestilence has never made its people’s death in millions, not such as once occurred in Europe. TCM is also characterized by its “simple, convenient, cheap and effective”method of treatment” and is especially good at preventing and treating chronic diseases, complicate multi-system diseases and new-type virus diseases. Therefore, only when the sanitation and healthcare system is established can the health of 13 billion people in China and the problem of shortage of doctor and medicine for 900 million rural population and large number of poverty-stricken urban population be solved. It is strongly suggested that five promotion projects, namely: TCM policy and statute guarantee, TCM qualified personnel cultivation, TCM scientific research, development of TCM in rural areas and TCM administrative system reform should be carried out in real earnest to make TCM develop in a sustainable way.

扶阳健脾汤-滋阴养胃汤顺势给药和逆势给药对健康大鼠生理指标的影响

目的通过顺势和逆势给药大鼠扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤的研究来进一步验证中医阴阳分药分时服用方剂学理论,以及评价扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤的亚急性毒性。方法选取无特定病原体级SD大鼠48只,雌雄各半,按性别、体质量(空腹)排序,采用计算机随机法分为顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组和对照组,每组12只。对顺势饲喂组大鼠早上给予滋阴养胃汤颗粒制剂溶液,下午给予扶阳健脾汤颗粒制剂溶液灌胃,逆势饲喂组大鼠给药顺序与顺势饲喂组相反;阴阳合药饲喂组大鼠给予扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤合药颗粒制剂混合溶液灌胃,分早晚两次给药;给予对照组早晚灌胃等量超纯水,四组大鼠均每周给药5 d,共给药7周。分别于饲喂第1天、第10天、第20天、第30天、第45天时观察各级大鼠的皮肤毛发、行为状态、兴奋程度、激怒反应、睡眠状态、大便状态。分别于饲喂后第1周、第3周、第5周、第7周的周一、三、五测定大鼠采食量和体质量,饲喂7周后检测大鼠血液常规和血生化指标,计算脏器系数。结果饲喂第3周、第5周、第7周,顺势饲喂组日均采食量明显低于对照组;饲喂第5周、第7周,逆势饲喂组体质量明显高于对照组;饲喂7周后,顺势饲喂组和逆势饲喂组的心脏脏器系数明显低于对照组,而顺势饲喂组的脾脏脏器系数明显高于对照组;顺势饲喂组单核细胞计数明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组和阴阳合药饲喂组的甘油三酯明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组的血清总胆固醇明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组的空腹血糖明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组的肌酐明显高于对照组;顺势饲喂组和阴阳合药饲喂组的白蛋白明显高于对照组。结论顺势给药、逆势给药、混合给药可引起大鼠空腹血糖降低,肌酐增高;此外,顺势给药还可引起大鼠心脏脏器系数、单核细胞计数、甘油三酯、总胆固醇降低,脾脏脏器系数、白蛋白增高,表明顺势给药会促进大鼠的气血运行,有利于减少食物的摄入以及促进大鼠代谢体内的碳水化合物和蛋白质的代谢,从而进一步验证了中医阴阳分药分时服用方剂学理论。

经典藏药如意珍宝片多次给药的靶器官-脑组织的成分探究

目的:探讨经典藏药如意珍宝片多次给药后,其靶器官脑组织的活性成分,分析其可能的作用特点。方法:6只斯泼累格·多雷(SD)雄性大鼠分为对照组和观察组2组,连续给药7 d,在最后一次给药后1 h处死动物,取血浆和脑组织,分析入血成分,并对潜在入脑成分进行检测和验证。结果:采用Full mass/dd-MSMS模式,以目标峰的一级谱图的分子量的组成及二级质谱图的分子离子峰进行定性分析;并依据入血成分作为潜在入脑成分,将其输入到包含列表内,进行样品检测。结合数据库mzcloud和ChemSpider的结果,对潜在入脑成分进行搜索,根据保留时间、一级质量数和二级质谱数据,共发现了13个入脑成分,其中大豆苷、胆酸、紫苜蓿酮、3′-O-methylviolanone、胡椒碱已用标准品验证。色氨酸、茴香脑、异木香酸和腺苷已通过mzCloud数据库进行二级碎片信息比对。结论:如意珍宝片中的降香、荜茇、甘草膏、肉桂、木香、黄葵子、牛黄、红花等药物的有效成分能够进入靶器官脑组织中,发挥其疗效作用。

中医妇科药物外治法发展述评

目的考证中医妇科药物外治法的源流、发展,为现代临床使用提供借鉴。方法通过广泛查阅中医药古籍文献,研究中医妇科药物外治法发展史,梳理中医妇科药物外治法的源流及发展脉络,以求指导临床。结果中医妇科药物外治法首见于秦汉时期,魏晋时期得以发展与丰富。唐宋元时期,由于中医妇科常见疾病的病因病机及理论进一步完善,外治法方药及方法都有进一步的创新,至明清时期达到成熟。近现代医家传承历代经验,依托于临床实践、药剂创新、基础研究等方面创新发展,最终形成了有中医理论指导、临床疗效验证、基础研究支撑的系统的治疗方法。结论中医妇科药物外治法的理论、方法和应用病种都经历了漫长的历史演变过程,代有创新,逐渐成熟,发展至今已成为中医妇科治疗多种疾病的重要方法,具有较大的临床使用价值。

中医治疗紧张性头痛的研究进展

紧张性头痛(TTH)又称肌收缩性头痛,属于功能性头痛中最常见的类型之一,其表现为紧束性或压迫性非搏动性头痛,可伴或不伴有头部肌群的挛缩性收缩及压痛,呈发作性或持续性,病程数日至数年不等。随着生活节奏的加快,社会压力的增大,其发病率呈逐渐上升的趋势,好发育中青年,女性略高于男性。中医学将其归于“头痛”“首风”“头风”等范畴,虽然在发病中有多种致病因素在起作用,但是中医学通过四诊合参进行辨证论治,针对每个患者病因病机不同处以方药、针灸、推拿、按摩等中医外治,近年来各项研究数据显示,中医内服用药及外治疗法所达到的成效不容小觑,随着中医学的现代化发展,现代医家汲取古代医家宝贵经验,去粗取精,对于紧张性头痛不断深入研究,在传统治疗的基础上加上现代化仪器等,在治疗方面涌现出了更多的诊治方法,且其临床疗效满意。文章归纳近10年关于中医治疗紧张性头痛的文献,归纳中医治疗方法,以探讨更有效的治疗方案,提高临床疗效。

中医外治法在类风湿关节炎中的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)是以关节为主要受累器官甚至可致关节残疾的慢性自身免疫性疾病。西医治疗以消炎止痛药、激素、免疫抑制剂为主,疗效较好,但不良反应众多。中医药特别是中医外治法在改善关节症状、控制疾病进展等方面具有不可替代的优势,且不良反应少,常与西医联合治疗类风湿关节炎。

基于中医传承辅助平台的中药内服治疗原发性骨质疏松症组方用药规律研究

目的:基于数据挖掘方法探讨中医药治疗原发性骨质疏松症的组方用药规律。方法:检索中国知网、维普、万方等中文数据库2006—2022年中药内服治疗原发性骨质疏松症的中药方剂,通过中医传承辅助平台系统软件(TCMISS)运用关联规则算法、复杂系统熵聚类方法,统计处方中药物的性味归经、使用频率、药物之间的关联规则、核心药物组合和高频中药组合。结果:纳入文献共计210篇,涉及224首方剂,168味中药。总结高频证候分型,居于前4位的分别是肾虚血瘀证、脾肾亏虚证、肝肾阴虚证、肾虚证。性味归经最多为温性药,五味频次最多为甘味药。药物归经前4位的是肝、肾、脾及心经。单味中药使用频次居于前10位的是熟地黄、淫羊藿、当归、杜仲、黄芪、骨碎补、补骨脂、山茱萸、山药、枸杞子。关联规则分析得到45个药对组合及44条关联规则。聚类分析得到20个药物核心组合,优化出10个新方组合。结论:原发性骨质疏松症病因以肾、脾亏虚为主,兼有血瘀,中医药治疗以补益肝肾、健脾益气、活血补血为主。

工商管理对中医医院人力资源管理的作用探讨

随着我国中医药卫生事业的迅速发展及人民群众对中医药医疗需求的不断增加,对中医医院来说是个严峻的挑战。而迎接此挑战关键在于中医医院的“人力资源”,所以通过完善人力资源管理来合理利用并有效培养医学人才势在必行。但目前,我国大部分公立中医医院在人力资源管理上未紧跟中医药卫生事业的发展需求,严重阻碍医院的稳健发展。在此背景下,中医医院要以发展的眼光,将现代企事业单位的重要管理方法之一工商管理,运用到中医医院人力资源管理中,在帮助中医医院解决人力资源管理中存在的现实问题、为人力资源管理提供良好的环境、为医院打造优秀人才队伍、对人力资源管理者起到激励等方面都具有重要作用。

癌痛中医治疗方案及效果的研究进展

癌性疼痛(简称癌痛)已经成为癌症患者最为常见的并发症之一,在造成癌症患者疼痛症状的同时亦会对生活质量造成严重损伤。三阶梯镇痛方案在癌痛患者中的应用既有其风险所在,亦有一定的局限性。而中医治疗方案的使用对提升患者镇痛效果有积极作用,其中常见方案如内服外治、针灸艾灸、中成药物等在癌痛患者的治疗中已得到广泛应用,取得显著效果。但中医治疗方案在癌痛患者中的应用必须建立在对癌痛本身病理机制的深入认知上,如此才能确保中医方案在癌痛治疗中的应用安全性和有效性。文章针对癌痛中医方案和实施效果进行简单综述。

中药内服法治疗糖尿病视网膜病变研究概况

糖尿病是危害人类生命与健康安全的三大疾病之一,除了疾病本身给患者生活造成不便外,随着病情的进展,其产生的多种并发症对患者的影响也不容小觑。视网膜病变是常见的糖尿病并发症之一,严重影响患者的身心健康。中药内服法治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变具有疗效较好、不良反应小等优势。因此,该文对近些年来医家们对糖尿病视网膜病变病因病机的认识及中药方剂内服法医治糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效和作用机制的相关研究进行综述,为临床使用中药治疗糖尿病视网膜病变提供依据与参考。

中药鼻腔给药技术研究进展

【目的】中药鼻腔给药技术具有给药方便、靶向性好、生物利用度高、吸收速度快等优势,该剂型成为中药新型给药制剂研发的热点。对近年来中药鼻腔给药技术的相关文献进行整理,旨在为中药鼻腔给药技术的研究发展提供参考。【研究现状】综述中药滴鼻剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂、凝胶剂、膜剂、微乳剂等几个中药鼻腔给药常用剂型的特点及应用,总结中药药理及药代动力学、质量控制、刺激性研究、装置开发等方面的研究进展。【结论与展望】中药鼻腔给药技术已经广泛应用到临床且效果值得肯定,但目前中药鼻腔给药技术仍然存在处方优化、技术受限、缺少有效质量控制方法等问题,今后的研究应在处方优化、装置开发和辅料开发等方面,不断完善中药鼻腔给药的质量控制体系。

中药内服及外洗联合血液灌流治疗维持性血液透析伴皮肤瘙痒患者的效果研究

目的:研究中药内服及外洗联合血液灌流治疗维持性血液透析伴皮肤瘙痒患者的效果。方法:选择2022年7月—2023年7月萍乡矿业集团有限责任公司总医院收治的80例维持性血液透析伴皮肤瘙痒患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,各组40例。两组均接受血液透析联合血液灌流治疗,对照组接受皮肤瘙痒非药物治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上接受中药内服及经验方祛风止痒安神汤外洗治疗,两组治疗时间均为4周。比较两组实验室指标、瘙痒情况、睡眠质量、生活质量、不良反应。结果:治疗4周后,治疗组组胺(HIS)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、β_(2)-微球蛋白(β_(2)-MG)均明显低于对照组,血钙、血磷达标率均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,治疗组瘙痒评分、阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)评分均明显低于对照组,治疗组世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(WHOQOL-BREF)各维度评分及总分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间两组均未出现严重不良反应。结论:中药内服及外洗联合血液灌流治疗维持性血液透析伴皮肤瘙痒患者的效果明显,有助于维持钙磷代谢平衡,对改善皮肤瘙痒及睡眠质量有积极作用,可提高患者生活质量。

近代边疆地区的城市变迁与国家建设——以西双版纳景洪为例

外在形制不突出的景洪作为西双版纳历史上的政治、经济和文化中心,与当地贵族与平民二分的社会结构、居住格局和婚姻形式,以及土地公有,农业为主的生活方式相互契合。民国时期西双版纳土流并置的政治格局催生了景洪新旧两城并存的城市建设样态。政治体系改革的不彻底直接影响了国家建设的效果,进而导致景洪新旧两城转型与建设双输的格局。清末至民国景洪城形制与转型的历程,不仅为历史上边疆民族地区的城市研究提供了思路,也为理解政治体系转型背景下国家建设与城市发展提供了帮助。

中药经鼻吸入法的理论基础与古今应用比较

[目的]以数据挖掘为研究手段,探讨中药经鼻吸入法的理论基础,分析其古今用药差异,以期为中药经鼻吸入法的临床应用提供参考。[方法]分别采用《中华医典》软件和中国知网数据库查阅古今中药经鼻吸入法的相关记载,运用Excel 2022软件对疾病类型、处方组成等进行整理分析。[结果]古代中药经鼻吸入法常使用开窍药,频次较高的前5位分别是麝香、皂荚、细辛、雄黄、瓜蒂;在耳鼻咽喉口齿病类、脑系病类应用最为广泛。古代中药经鼻吸入法所治疾病常为急症,因此大多单次给药使用,鼻腔搐药法是古代中药经鼻吸入法最主要和最常用的方法。现代中药经鼻吸入常与西药制剂配合使用,雾化吸入是最主要的给药形式,主要应用于呼吸系统和神经系统疾病,频次较高的前5位分别是黄芩、甘草、金银花、麻黄、鱼腥草;用药疗程集中在1~2周,给药频次以每日1~2次居多,单次给药时间集中在10~20 min。[结论]古今中药经鼻吸入法的理论与方法存在诸多一致性,但古代使用的药物种类更多,治疗疾病覆盖更广泛,给药时长较现代更短,而现代先进的制剂和给药技术进一步提高中药经鼻吸入的效率,增强其治疗效果。因此中药经鼻吸入应用前景广阔,今后研究应进一步揭示中药经鼻吸入法的作用机制,使临床应用规范化及标准化。