Clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions: Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong, China;Taiwan, China

Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.

Research on Traditional Herbal Medicine Culture of Guangxi Minorities

Guangxi Zluang Autoromous HRlegiom is a muli-ethnic area with l2.ethmic groups including Han Zuang,lao,Mliao,Dong,Mlaoma,Hti,,Jing,lYi,Siui,Celao,and Mlao.The traditional herbal melicime culure of Guangi ethnic minorties is an important comporent of the trxditional medlicine culture system of ethaie minorities in Guangi,andan exremely inportamt part of Chinas ethaic minoity medicine culture.Tle etihmic minorities of Gnamgi have acumulated rich experience in disease prevention andl treatment in the long process of prorluctiomn and life,and formed a unique minority medlical culture.

Traditional herbal medicine as adjunctive therapy for colorectal cancer:a scoping review

Background:A variety of therapy options are available for colorectal cancer,ranging from traditional medicine to complementary and alternative medicine.There is a growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine.Therefore,the main aim of this study is to conduct a scoping evaluation of traditional and herbal medicine’s effectiveness as an additional therapy for colorectal cancer patients in clinical settings.Methods:A systematic search was conducted for all articles pertaining to clinical trials related to traditional herbal medicine(THM)with or without other treatments,such as chemotherapy,placebos,or other types of treatment,published from 2010 to November 13,2020,using four search engines,namely Medline,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Scopus.Results:The number of colorectal cancer patients in five trials ranged from 89 to 565 people.The THMs stated in these studies were catalpol(Rehmannia glutinosa extract),the traditional Japanese medicine Daikenchuto(mixture of herbal extracts)and Goshajinkigan,Chinese patent herbal medicine Aidi injection,and the traditional Chinese medicine Simo decoction.Positive results were reported in term of reduction of colorectal cancer tumour marker(by catalpol),improvement of gastrointestinal function following gastrointestinal surgery(by Daikenchuto and Simo decoction),better disease control rate and quality of life score(by combination of Aidi injection and chemotherapy),and a decrease in the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity(Goshajinkigan).Conclusion:All studies demonstrated fewer adverse effects found in THM intervention groups,however,evidence pointing to THMs’favourable effects on colorectal cancer patients is still required.Therefore,researchers and clinicians are encouraged to perform more research in this area so that more evidence of THM’s efficacy and safety in clinical settings can be obtained.

Investigation of Heavy Metal Contents in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Peristrophe roxburghiana Collected from Northwest of Guangxi

Objective] This study was conducted to evaluate the product quality and safety of Peristrophe roxburghiana_ col ected from different places in Hechi City, northwest of Gunagxi, so as to provide basic data for further development and uti-lization of the characteristic plant resource P. roxburghiana. [Method] Contents of 9 kinds of heavy metals including Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn and Cu in the herb were deter-mined by the method of wet digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. [Results] Heavy metal contents of Cd, Mn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Hg and Se were 1.62-17.25, 8.93-142.53, 4.37-18.43, 103.7-242.81, 2.55-5.35, 85.40-146.30, 0.07-0.54, 0.00-0.08 and 0.00-0.47 mg/kg, respectively. According to the national food safety standards and Green Trade Standards of lmporting ＆amp; Exporting Medicinal plants ＆amp; Preparations, the heavy metal contents of the P. roxburghiana_samples col ected from different coun-ties in Hechi City exceeded standards or at the critical values. Among which, Cd, Pb and Zn contents of the samples are seriously higher than the standards. [Con-clusion] Therefore, the impact of soil heavy metal pol ution on the safety of edible plants in the northwest of Guangxi should be highly concerned.

Effects of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine on the Structure of Duodenal Mucosa of Chickens under Heat Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine on the structure of duodenal mucosa of chickens under heat stress. [Method] One hundred and twenty 88-day-old Isa Brown chickens were randomly divided into six groups, including three control groups （normal temperature control group, high temperature control group, high temperature Vc control group） and three high-temperature administration groups （high-dose administration group, moderate-dose administration group, low-dose administration group）. Chickens in normal temperature control group were reared at 14-25 ℃, and those in other five groups were reared at 28-39 ℃. The experiment lasted 10 d. Five chickens in each group were euthanized at 1, 4, 8 and 10 d post-treatment, respectively. The duodenal mucosa was collected and prepared into tissue slices with the conventional method for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Mucosal thickness, villus length and crypt depth of duodenal mucosa were measured. [Result] Under heat stress, duodenal mucosal thickness and villus length were both significantly lower than those in normal temperature control group, and the duodenal villi were scarce and thin. However, under high temperature conditions, various indicators in high-dose and moderate-dose administration groups were higher than those in high temperature control group and high temperature Vc control group, which exhibited extremely significant differences at 8 and 10 d post-treatment, especially. Moreover, various indicators in high-dose administration group were significantly higher than those in moderate-dose and low-dose administration groups. The traditional Chinese herbal medicine prescription exhibited higher protective effects on duodenal mucosa of chickens under heat stress compared with high temperature Vc control group. [Conclusion] Under heat stress, traditional Chinese herbal medicine reduced effectively the duodenal mucosa damage in chickens.

Effects of Salinity Fluctuation and Dietary Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines on Survival,Growth and Immunity of Exopalaemon carinicauda

[Objective]The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of Exopalaemon carinicauda. [Method]Effects of salinity fluctuation （S0,S3,S6 and S9 represented salinity fluctuations of 0,3,6 and 9 respectivley） and dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines （0,1%,2% and 4% respectively） on survival,growth and immunity of E.carinicauda were studied,and its experiment lasted for 60 d. [Result]The results showed that specific growth rate,feed conversion efficiency and superoxide dismutase activity of E.carinicauda in the treatment group with 1% dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicine and S6 salinity fluctuation were higher than those in other treatments,which was significantly higher than the treatment groups with S0,S3 and S9 salinity fluctuation at the same adding level of 1% dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The regression analysis indicated that at S0,S3 and S6 salinity fluctuation,the optimal adding level of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines in feeds decreased with the increase of salinity fluctuation,accounting for 2.74%,1.77% and 0.51% respectively. At four adding levels of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines,the optimal salinity fluctuation of E.carinicauda also decreased with the increase of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines in feeds,accounting for 5.26,4.95,3.54 and 1.97 respectively. [Conclusion]Salinity,dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines and their interactions have a significant effect on survival,growth and immunity of E.carinicauda,which calls for attentions in the breeding.

Future development of Good Agricultural Practice in China under globalization of traditional herbal medicine trade

Traditional herbal medicine(THM)is an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine culture.Due to its high medicinal potential,it should not only serve for the Chinese people’s medical use,but also contribute to the world medicine,THM for the international market must be standardized and large-scale,and produced according to the"Good Agriculture Practice"(GAP).The quality of THM directly affects the patient’s treatment status and safety of use.Therefore,the quality assurance of THM runs through the entire process of research and development,production and clinical practice.The standardized production and cultivation of THM is the starting point of the THM industry chain and plays a decisive role in the economic development of the THM industry.This article summarizes the development history,limitations and future development of GAP,and clarifies the opportunities for THM in the rapid development of the international and domestic Chinese medicine industry.In addition,analyzing the deficiencies that were existing in the former GAP implementation process and by suggesting science-based quality measures,it is hoped to stipulate improved GAP guidelines in the future and to lay the foundation for a modern THM international trade.

Mapping the Dementia Research Area at the Micro-Level Using Co-terms Analysis and Positioning for Traditional Herbal Medicine

Objective： To identify the position of traditional herbal medicine in dementia research field using mapping technology. Methods： Keywords for dementia and traditional herbal medicine for treating dementia were used to extract scientific articles from the Web of Science database from January 2000 to July 2010. A co- occurrence matrix was created based on the concurrent set of author＇s keywords occurring in each scientific article, and technology network maps were created from similarity index matrices. Results： Twenty specialized research areas were identified in the dementia field, and the relationship strength was 0.2-0.6. Many research fields were associated with diagnosis and risk factors for dementia. Additionally, the mechanism or cause of dementia is an actively studied field. Traditional herbal medicine for treating dementia was located on a map near the cortical dementia diagnosis and therapy, and frontotemporal dementia research field with a relationship strength of 0.53 and 0.31-0.33 respectively, which demonstrates that traditional herbal medicine for dementia occupies an independent research area with a relationship to existing scientific research fields. Conclusion： Traditional herbal medicine can provide an alternative and complementary approach for treating dementia as evidenced by a scientific mapping analysis.

TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES IN LITHUANIA

Lithuania is an Eastern European country with 60 miles of sandy coastline to the open Baltic Sea.The country can be divided into 4 ethnographic regions with specific nature scenery,soil,traditions and linguistic dialects.Lithuania experienced many political changes through the centuries leading finally to regained independence and EU membership in 2004.Geographical,climatic conditions,

Quality Inspection and Preparation of Diarrhea Arresting and Dysentery Treating Dietary Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine for Livestock

[Objective] This study was aimed to formulate the quality inspection of diarrhea arresting and dysentery treating dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines for livestock.[Methods] Physiochemical identification and contrast test of UV spectrophotometer qualitative detection were adopted.[Results] The difference in the peak value of maximum adsorption peak detected by diluted water method was greater than 1 nm; the maximum adsorption peak values obtained by the 0.9％ hydrochloric acid and 60％ ethanol methods had a difference of less than 1 nm,and the secondary adsorption peak values also had a difference of less than 1 nm.[Conclusion] The 0.9％ hydrochloric acid and 60％ ethanol methods were selected as the quality inspection standards for the preparation of diarrhea arresting and dysentery treating dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines for livestock.

In vitro study on the antiviral activity of 9 extracts of traditional Chinese herbal medicine against the human respiratory syncytial virus

Objective:To study the in vitro virucidal activity of 9 extracts of traditional Chinese herbal medicine(the water extracts of Evodia lepta,Clausena lansium,Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum,Callicarpa nudiflora,Nauclea officinalis and Elaeagnus gonyanthes,the alcohol extracts of Nauclea officinalis,Elaeagnus gonyanthes and Zanthoxylumarmatum)on human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV).Methods:The cytotoxic effect of the extracts on cells was evaluated by a cell viability assay using the CCK-8 method,a concentration of the extracts with cell viability greater than 50%was selected for the follow-up anti-HRSV effect assay,the 50%effective concentration(EC50)was assessed by an in vitro cell infection model.Results:The EC50s of the water extract from Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum,Callicarpa nudiflora and Elaeagnus gonyanthes were 0.05 mg/mL,0.03 mg/mL and 0.05 mg/mL,and the therapeutic index(TI)of them were 18.60,21.67 and 56.80 respectively.Conclusion:The water extracts of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum,Callicarpa nudiflora and Elaeagnus gonyanthes possess the activity of anti-HRSV virus.

Traditional Chinese herbal medicine plus triple therapy in treating Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic atrophic gastritis: a meta-analysis and cumulative meta-analysis

Objectives:To evaluate the benefits of traditional Chinese herbal medicine(TCHM)plus triple therapy(TT)in the management of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-induced chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Methods:A comprehensive access and electronic database search were carried out from inception to June 2020.Prospective randomized trials(TCHM plus TT vs.TT)were selected to assess the eradication rate of H.pylori(ER of H.pylori),clinical symptom relief rate(SRR),treatment-related adverse reactions(TRAR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)in the meta-analysis and cumulative meta-analysis(CMA).Meta-regression analysis was used to analyze heterogeneity between studies and publication bias.Results:33 studies contained 3,226 participants were included.Compared with the TT group,TCHM plus TT group showed a significantly higher ER of H.pylori(OR=4.14,95%CI:3.21-5.35;P=0.000)and SRR(OR=4.50,95%CI:3.59-5.64).Meanwhile,the TRAR of TCHM plus TT remedy was significantly lower than TT monopoly(RR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.64;P=0.000).The results of the CMA,sorted by publication year,duration of treatment,and sample size,confirmed that combined treatment remedy was superior to TT monopoly in respect of ER of H.pylori and SRR.Conclusions:The present study obtained reliable and convincing evidence suggesting that TCHM plus TT remedy was efficacious and safe in treating H.pylori-induced CAG.

Recent advances in network pharmacology applications in Chinese herbal medicine

Network pharmacology is a new discipline based on the theory of systems biology and network analysis of biological systems to design the drugs.It comprehensively observes the intervention and influence of drugs on the disease network,and reveals the mystery of multi-molecular drugs synergistically acting on disease.These concepts reflect the ideas of multi-component,multi-target and system regulation,and have many similarities with the research ideas of traditional Chinese medicine,which focuses on syndrome differentiation and treatment,emphasizes the overall understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis.Network pharmacology can be used to predict and identify the target and active component of traditional herbal medicine,to clarify the mechanism of action,to scientifically explain the rules of the prescription,to explore the rules of real-world prescription,to discover new indications and new active compounds,and to study drug relocation,etc.The applications of network pharmacology in traditional herbal medicine were systematically summarized to demonstrate the significant value in these areas.

Medical Relics Related to Li Shizhen Collected in Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine

This article introduces various editions of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)and displays or collects in the Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),along with many other works on the study of Li Shizhen.Li Shizhen is not only a distinguished physician and pharmacist in the Ming dynasty of China but also a great scientist in human history.The most prominent contribution Li had made was sorting and developing the traditional Chinese herbal medicine,with the compilation of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),which represented the highest level of pharmaceutical development of TCM from a new starting line.

Rikkunshito increases peripheral incretin-hormone levels in humans and rats

BACKGROUND It was reported that rikkunshito(TJ-43)improved the cisplatin-induced decreases in the active form of ghrelin in plasma;however,other effects on gastrointestinal hormones have not been investigated.AIM To investigate the effects of TJ-43 on peripheral levels of incretin hormones,including gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP)and glucagon-like polypeptide-1(GLP-1),in humans and rats.METHODS Patients were divided into two groups,namely patients who received TJ-43 immediately following surgery[TJ-43(+)group]and those who received TJ-43 on postoperative day 21[TJ-43(-)group],and the plasma levels of active GIP and active GLP-1 were assessed.In animal experiments,rats were treated with TJ-43[rat(r)TJ-43(+)group]or without[rTJ-43(−)group]by gavage for 4 wk,and the plasma active GIP and active GLP-1 levels were measured.The expression of incretin hormones in the gastrointestinal tract and insulin in the pancreas were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Furthermore,the cyclic adenosine monophosphate activities were assessed in pancreatic tissues from rats treated with or without TJ-43 in vivo,and the blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels were measured in rats treated with or without TJ-43 in oral glucose tolerance tests.RESULTS In humans,the active incretin hormone levels increased,and values were significantly greater in the TJ-43(+)group compared those in the TJ-43(-)group.In rats,the plasma active incretin levels significantly increased in the rTJ-43(+)group compared with those in the rTJ-43(-)group.GIP and GLP-1 expressions were enhanced by TJ-43 treatment.Moreover,plasma insulin levels increased and blood glucose levels were blunted in the rTJ-43(+)group.CONCLUSION The results show that TJ-43 may be beneficial for patients who undergo pancreatic surgery.

A traditional Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation versus interventional therapy after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma:22-year follow-up

OBJECTIVE:To compare the long-term effectiveness of compound Ruanjianhugan(RJH)tablets and interventional therapy(IT) in patients after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted in 399 patients after resection of small HCC who were admitted between January 1987 and December 2008 in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Minimlly Invasive Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.Four groups were based on different therapy modes:a TCM-only(TCMO) group,a TCM combined with interventional therapy(TCM-IT) group,an interventional therapy-only(ITO) group,and a simple operation(SO) group.Prognostic factors were correlated with overall survival(OS) and OS rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method,and multivariate analyses for factors affecting survival were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:The median OS was 151.20 months in the TCM-IT group,43.87 months in the ITO group,and 20.77 months in the SO group.All survival rates of the TCMO group were higher than those of the other three groups(>50%).The 5-,10-,and 15-year OS in the TCMO and ITO patients were 83.94%,45.50%,and 71.22% and 33.34%,55.58%,and 9.26%,respectively(risk ratio,0.209;95% confidence interval,0.126-0.347;P=0.000).Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factors were therapy mode(P=0.000),sex(P=0.005),family history(P=0.011),TNM Classification of Malignant Tumor staging(P=0.000),medical care-seeking behavior(P=0.021),and maximum diameter(P=0.030).CONCLUSION:Long-term oral use of compound RJH tablets may improve OS for small HCC after resection compared with IT.

Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine for Perimenopausal Depression of Chinese Women:A Meta-analysis

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese herbal medicine(TCHM) in treatment of perimenopausal depression(PD) in China. Methods: To identify randomized controlled trials, an electronic search has been conducted through databases as follows: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Chinese Biological Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and WanFang Digital Periodicals Database.Methodological quality was evaluated by Cochrane Collaboration's tool which is able to assess the risk of bias in Review Manager Software.What's more, meta-analysis was performed by using Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.2 software,(Nordic Cochrane Centre, Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, and Denmark). Dichotomous data were analyzed by using relative risk(RR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).Continuous variables were analyzed using weighted mean differences(WMDs) and 95% CI. Subgroup analysis was performed by the type of medicine which was used in the experimental group. Results: This meta-analysis includes 11 randomized control trials with 818 patients.Compared to the control group(RR: 1.14, 95% CI: [1.03, 1.26], P = 0.009 and WMD:-2.09, 95% CI: [-3.58,-0.18]), the experimental group had a significant higher clinical efficacy rate and relatively lower Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAM-D) score. For clinical efficacy rate, the results varied depending on the detail treatment measures of the experimental group. In the experimental group with TCHM,no significant difference was observed(RR: 1.14, 95% CI: [0.97, 1.33]), while in the experimental group combined with western medicine,a significant difference in the clinical efficacy rate between the experimental group and control group showed up(RR: 1.15, 95% CI: [1.01,1.32], P = 0.04). For the HAM-D score, subgroup analyses revealed that the pure TCHM therapy was not associated with significant HAM-D score reduction compared to the control group(WMD:-2.48, 95% CI: [-6.00,1.03], P = 0.17). However, in the experimental group where western medicine was added to, the HAM-D score decreased statistically compared to the control group(WMD:-1.88, 95% CI: [-3.58,-0.18], P = 0.03). There is no serious adverse event in both groups. Conclusions: Combination therapy of TCHM and western medicine is more effective in treating PD in terms of clinical efficacy rate. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the mediocre methodological quality of the included trials.

Disease-based Toxicology on Safety Assessment Strategy and Application for Herbal and Traditional Medicines

The safety issue on herbal and traditional medicines(H&TM) is one of the most challenging problems and serious concern worldwide. With scientific endeavor and further exploration, we came to realize that there are great differences between H&TM and synthetic drugs in many aspects, such as medical theory, medication experience, compatibility, processing, toxicological characteristics, and safety evaluating requirements. In the current preclinical models for synthetic drugs, the safety assessment results of some conventional deemed 'nontoxic' H&TM were not well consistent with clinical situations, which resulted in major difficulties to understand the mechanisms and guide the safe and rational uses of these H&TM. Thus, based on the traditional Chinese medicine toxicity theory called You Gu Wu Yun, this paper introduces a novel safety assessment strategy for H&TM, named as disease-based toxicology. It aims to cognize the relativity and susceptibility of the toxicity of H&TM, and then to enhance controllability in new drug development and clinical applications. It also provides a theoretical practice for the traditional Chinese medicine toxicity theory and a methodological promotion for the future development of the precision toxicology for H&TM.

The Desert Spontaneous Plants Used in Saharan Phytotherapy： Case of Tidikelt Region

The local plant resources adapted to the desert harsh geomorphologicl environment are a landmark that characterizes the Saharan region： erg, dunes, and wadis. This work emphasizes on some results obtained through a study conducted in 2011, based on surveys and field observations in the Tidikelt oases （in Salah, wilaya of Tamenrasset） which is implanted in the south of Algeria. The objective was the study of traditional herbal medicine using the spontaneous medicinal herbs, which constitute one of the socio-cultural aspects of Saharan society in Algeria. Traditional medicine is one reflect of the knowledge and how to live of the local population. Desert people know the various herbs ＇Achebe＇, and its nomenclature. They indicated their site or places of local presence, as well as its own peculiarities and their uses. Our goal is to contribute in enhancing the interest of valorization of these plants in the therapeutic and eventually industrial uses. For that, we need to integrate this perspective into local economic development policies valuing the diversity of plant resources from Tidikelt in the Algerian Sahara.

Research progress in immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies resistant to conventional therapies. The urgent need fornew therapies has turned the spotlights on immunotherapy. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has alreadybeen gathered regarding the efficacy of genetic engineering modified T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors of T-cells, killercells induced by dendritic cells and cytokine in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cryoimmunotherapy in situ andextra-tumor and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy could also increase the effectiveness. Research ofpancreatic cancer vaccine has made some progress. The immunity enhancing function of some traditional herbshave been reported, such as Ginsenoside Rg3, which could enhance T-cell subsets and NK cell activity inpancreatic cancer patients with chemotherapy.