Accuracy Assessment and Guidelines for Manual Traffic Counts from Pre-Recorded Video Data

Traffic count is the fundamental data source for transportation planning, management, design, and effectiveness evaluation. Recording traffic flow and counting from the recorded videos are increasingly used due to convenience, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Manual counting from pre-recorded video footage can be prone to inconsistencies and errors, leading to inaccurate counts. Besides, there are no standard guidelines for collecting video data and conducting manual counts from the recorded videos. This paper aims to comprehensively assess the accuracy of manual counts from pre-recorded videos and introduces guidelines for efficiently collecting video data and conducting manual counts by trained individuals. The accuracy assessment of the manual counts was conducted based on repeated counts, and the guidelines were provided from the experience of conducting a traffic survey on forty strip mall access points in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. The percentage of total error, classification error, and interval error were found to be 1.05 percent, 1.08 percent, and 1.29 percent, respectively. Besides, the percent root mean square errors (RMSE) were found to be 1.13 percent, 1.21 percent, and 1.48 percent, respectively. Guidelines were provided for selecting survey sites, instruments and timeframe, fieldwork, and manual counts for an efficient traffic data collection survey.

Case Study of Transportation Planning Based on Land Development Patterns in the Great Chengdu Area

Traffic is a function of land use. Based on the understanding of mutual influences between transportation investment and land development, transportation corridors of various levels in Great Chengdu Area （GCA） were investigated. Trip generation was predicted based on population expansion, and trip attraction was estimated based on land use intensity coefficient. Lane assignment of transportation corridors with case studies is expected with two-way-six-lane routes connecting county-cities, two-way-four-lane routes connecting new towns in plane area, and two-way-two-lane connecting new towns in hilly area and prime villages.

TransCAD and GIS Technique for Estimating Traffic Demand and Its Application in Gaza City

In the early nineties of the last century, the transportation system in Gaza Strip was born and new infrastructure projects, especially road networks, were constructed. However, the construction lacked efficient application of a transportation planning process. Transportation planning relies on traffic demand forecasting process. The conventional process is impeded by extensive amount of socioeconomic data. One of the most widely-used models which mitigate this problem is the TransCAD Model. This model is rarely used in Gaza Strip for traffic demand forecasting, and most of the practices depend mainly on a constant growth rate of traffic. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to apply this model in Gaza City for traffic estimation. This model estimates the origin-destination matrix based on traffic count. The traffic count was carried out at 36 intersections distributed around Gaza City. The results of traffic flow estimation obtained from TransCAD are assigned to the Gaza maps using the GIS techniques for spatial analysis. It is shown that the most congested area at present is the middle of the city especially at Aljala-Omer Almokhtar intersection. Therefore, improvement scenarios of this area should be carried out. The results of calibration of traffic flow estimation show that the differences between the estimated and the actual flows were less than 10%. In addition, network evaluation results show that the network is expected to be more congested in 2015. This work can be used by transportation planners for testing any network improvement scenarios and for studying their network performance.

Urban Growth Management through Travel Demand Modeling in Washington and Oregon

Among the fast growing states in the USA,the States of Washington and Oregon have enacted legislative land use and transportation concurrency/balancing planning policies for orderly urban growth management since 1990 and 1991,respectively.Regional or urban travel demand forecasting models play an instrumental role in implementing the Washington GMA(Growth Management Act)and the Oregon TPR(Transportation Planning Rule).Both program-and project-level modeling approaches to urban land use/transportation system management are evaluated through the selected cities in Washington and Oregon.

Hub-and-Spoke型运输网络改善方法及其应用

Hub-and-Spoke(本文简称为HS)网络形式被广泛采用于多个领域,其在实践中显现的缺陷也为学术界所重视。本文采用运输车辆空驶吨公里作为评判标准,以"中途点停靠"(pickup stopover)的形式改善HS型运输网络。通过解析法获得HS运输网络结合中途点停靠运输模式的适用条件,并以我国公路快速货运业干线运输组织为对象加以实证分析。相比于运筹学领域优化计算方法而言,这种针对HS运输网络改善方法的可行性论证过程简单而实用。

A Framework for Intelligent Decision Support System for Traffic Congestion Management System

Traffic congestion problem is one of the major problems that face many transportation decision makers for urban areas. The problem has many impacts on social, economical and development aspects of urban areas. Hence the solution to this problem is not straight forward. It requires a lot of effort, expertise, time and cost that sometime are not available. Most of the existing transportation planning software, specially the most advanced ones, requires personnel with lots practical transportation planning experience and with high level of education and training. In this paper we propose a comprehensive framework for an Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) for Traffic Congestion Management System that utilizes a state of the art transportation network equilibrium modeling and providing an easy to use GIS-based interaction environment. The developed IDSS reduces the dependability on the expertise and level of education of the transportation planners, transportation engineers, or any transportation decision makers.

Analysis of a joint entry-and distance-based cordon pricing scheme: a dynamic modeling approach

Transportation demand management(TDM)covers strategies for reducing traffic congestion within the affected urban areas. Congestion pricing includes a branch of TDM strategies; among them, the entry-based cordon pricing, i.e., applying charge on entry, is the most popular because of practicality and social acceptance. Many researchers have investigated different second-best approaches for evaluations of cordon pricing plans, mostly by applying static traffic assignment methods. In this paper,a joint entry-and distance-based scheme is proposed to circumvent the deficiencies intrinsic to each. The optimal joint design is considered as the solution to an optimization problem, in which an equilibrium dynamic traffic assignment model is used to take account of flow variations and represent congestion effects more realistically. The problem is solved for the network of Sioux Falls by using an enumeration algorithm, and the solution is compared with those obtained for distinct entry-and distance-based schemes. Based on the results, the joint tolling has the best performance in reducing the total travel time of the travelers and in alleviating the congestion level inside the cordoned area, while generating a higher level of revenue from tolls. Furthermore, the numerical experiments show the unreliability of the results by static against dynamic modeling approach.

KSUTraffic: A Microscopic Traffic Simulator for Traffic Planning in Smart Cities

Simulation is a powerful tool for improving,evaluating and analyzing the performance of new and existing systems.Traffic simulators provide tools for studying transportation systems in smart cities as they describe the evolution of traffic to the highest level of detail.There are many types of traffic simulators that allow simulating traffic in modern cities.The most popular traffic simulation approach is the microscopic traffic simulation because of its ability to model traffic in a realistic manner.In many cities of Saudi Arabia,traffic management represents a major challenge as a result of expansion in traffic demands and increasing number of incidents.Unfortunately,employing simulation to provide effective traffic management for local scenarios in Saudi Arabia is limited to a number of commercial products in both public and private sectors.Commercial simulators are usually expensive,closed source and inflexible as they allow limited functionalities.In this project,we developed a local traffic simulator“KSUtraffic”for traffic modeling,planning and analysis with respect to different traffic control strategies and considerations.We modeled information specified by GIS and real traffic data.Furthermore,we designed experiments that manipulate simulation parameters and the underlying area.KSUTraffic visualizes traffic and provides statistical results on the simulated traffic which would help to improve traffic management and efficiency.

Sustainable Energy Management with Traffic Prediction Strategy for Autonomous Vehicle Systems

Recent advancements of the intelligent transportation system(ITS)provide an effective way of improving the overall efficiency of the energy management strategy(EMSs)for autonomous vehicles(AVs).The use of AVs possesses many advantages such as congestion control,accident prevention,and etc.However,energy management and traffic flow prediction(TFP)still remains a challenging problem in AVs.The complexity and uncertainties of driving situations adequately affect the outcome of the designed EMSs.In this view,this paper presents novel sustainable energy management with traffic flow prediction strategy(SEM-TPS)for AVs.The SEM-TPS technique applies type II fuzzy logic system(T2FLS)energy management scheme to accomplish the desired engine torque based on distinct parameters.In addition,the membership functions of the T2FLS scheme are chosen optimally using the barnacles mating optimizer(BMO).For accurate TFP,the bidirectional gated recurrent neural network(Bi-GRNN)model is used in AVs.A comprehensive experimental validation process is performed and the results are inspected with respect to several evaluation metrics.The experimental outcomes highlighted the supreme performance of the SEM-TPS technique over the recent state of art approaches.

Cloud assisted Internet of things intelligent transportation system and the traffic control system in the smart city

Presently,most smart cities face massive traffic issues every day.The smart cities’significant challenge is the traffic control system,wherein some places are automated and cost-effective.In this manuscript,cloud-assisted Internet of things Intelligent Transportation System(CIoT-ITS)is proposed to overcome traffic management’s challenges.Here,the IoT sensor integrated camera is installed in every traffic signal corner to monitor the vehicle’s flow.Further,the optimised vehicle flow data is sent to the cloud processes.The data from the various signal corners runs an algorithm to detect traffic direction and controls the signal lights.The alert notification is sent to the nearest traffic control room during traffic congestion using IoT sensors.Simulation analysis proved that the proposed CIoT-ITS could monitor and manage the vehicle flow successfully and automatically.The proposed system has been validated based on the optimisation parameter,which outperforms conventional methods.

Research on Urban Transportation Planning Strategies in China Under the“New Normal”

In order to explore the development direction and strategy of China’s urban transportation planning,drive the development of urban transportation and urban economic progress,as well as respond to the changing trends and challenges of the market under the“new normal,”this paper first analyzes the current situation of China’s transportation industry under the“new normal,”investigates the relationship between transportation and urban planning,and then proposes strategies for China’s urban transportation development and planning as reference.

考虑海铁联运的集装箱码头泊位分配优化

在海铁联运背景下,协同考虑到港船舶及铁路班列特点,优化集装箱码头泊位分配,对于提高港口作业效率至关重要。在满足码头岸线、泊位水深、岸桥等资源约束前提下,综合考虑船舶服务优先级和偏好泊位、铁路集装箱班列到发时间等约束,以船舶在港停留时间和泊位偏移惩罚时间最小为优化目标,建立海铁联运集装箱码头泊位分配优化模型;针对模型特点,设计自适应遗传算法进行求解,选取计划周期48 h内的到港船舶数据进行案例分析,通过MATLAB数值实验,得到符合船舶服务优先级和泊位偏好要求且契合铁路班列开行计划的海铁联运码头泊位分配方案。数值实验结果表明:在海铁联运协同优化条件下,船舶平均等泊时间为2.9 min,最大等泊时间为11.4 min,同时船舶的靠泊位置与偏好泊位之间的距离均不超过100 m,船舶在港的停留时间及偏好泊位差都得到了较好的控制。研究可进一步优化海铁联运集装箱码头泊位分配方案,有利于提高海铁联运集装箱在港转运效率。

Integrating transportation systems management and operations into the project life cycle from planning to construction： A synthesis of best practices

Guided by the federal highway administration （FHWA）, many states are promoting the implementation of transportation systems management and operations （TSM＆O） pro- grams. TSM＆O is traditionally managed by traffic engineers that focus on optimizing ef- ficiency and operations within a particular corridor utilizing common techniques such as re-timings and access modifications. With the emphasis moving towards maximizing current infrastructure, the practice of managing TSM＆O can be applied to all units and disciplines, within a transportation entity, for increased efficiency. One main reason of the stagnated integration is the lack of policies which could support the integration of TSM＆O strategies within the planning or design stages. This paper provides detailed guidance on how to apply TSM＆O strategies from the planning stages to the construction phase of any general transportation project. TSM＆O programs established around the nation are dis- cussed to understand the current initiatives underway and the best practices to create a robust and performance-based program. The developed TSM＆O project cycle process provides a detailed structure for the potential interactions between phases of a project and department staff as a key to ensure that the program achieves the highest level of opti- mization. Continuous evaluation must be undertaken by the agencies to ensure that theperformance of the system is at an optimal level. Developing performance measures, which accurately describe the objectives of the agency, is critical to ensure the plan to be brought to practice.

Special issue: Management of road and railway traffic and transportation engineering

In recent years,with the development of road and railway transportation industries,a variety of complicated decisionmaking problems have emerged in real-world applications.It is urgent to analyze these problems from the perspective of theoretical and methodological innovations,and provide methods in management,decision-making and application so as to achieve efficient operations of traffic and transportation systems.These problems have

网约车合乘均衡匹配与激励策略

针对需求高峰期乘客以红包或调度费等形式激励网约车司机以实现网约车自我调度这一问题,研究了乘客-网约车匹配决策与激励策略选择间的交互关系。基于网约车合乘模式下的均衡匹配状态,以乘客总剩余最大化为目标,考虑匹配、均衡、成本等约束条件,构建了考虑奖励策略的乘客-网约车均衡匹配模型,从乘客视角设计了乘客激励策略、网约车激励策略、乘客和网约车激励策略,并将3种激励策略嵌入到列生成算法对模型进行求解,以实现匹配均衡和价格均衡。以大连市出租车数据为对象进行实证分析,研究结果表明,相比于仅以随机调度费等形式从供给侧激励司机,同时从需求侧和供给侧实施激励策略可以促成更多合乘出行,乘客剩余可提高12.6%;当需求大于供给时,26%的激励在乘客间转移以实现更多的合乘出行;合乘折扣系数也会影响激励流向,同时使用激励策略和合乘折扣策略调节供需可以避免司机恶意竞争和乘客无效激励,在降低乘客出行成本的同时提高司机收益,促成更多合乘出行。

基于多目标优化的高速超车轨迹规划

为保障高速超车规划过程中的安全,同时提升轨迹的舒适性,笔者提出一种基于多目标的高速超车轨迹规划算法。该算法在可行凸空间的基础上求解出高速超车边界条件,再通过安全超车策略对超车行为的可行性进行分析,随后根据建立的超车轨迹规划目标函数和舒适性优化函数对轨迹的平顺性和乘坐的舒适性等目标进行优化,并且算法实时规划轨迹直至超车行为完成。为验证该算法的有效性,利用Prescan和MATLAB/Simulink构建联合仿真平台,对所设计的两种常见超车场景进行验证分析。仿真结果表明:在匀速超车以及加速超车场景下,相较于单目标优化,经多目标优化的超车轨迹的横向位移峰值、横向加速度峰值、横摆角速度峰值、曲率峰值,以及车速峰值的优化效果都获得了提升,有效的提高了所规划超车轨迹的舒适性和安全性。

辅助搬运车辆电动化智能装备模型的设计

提供了一种辅助搬运汽车的设备,两个主体分别托举汽车的前轮和后轮,当汽车同根车轴上的两个车轮之间的距离窄时,通过伸缩机构收缩第一基座和第二基座之间的距离,令主体驶入底部,避免碰撞汽车车轮,通过伸缩机构延伸第一基座和第二基座之间的距离,使其更靠近汽车同根车轴上的两个车轮,令两个车轮施加给两个托举机构的受力点更加靠近第一基座和第二基座,提升托举机构的托举强度,避免汽车损坏托举机构。托举机构调节机构滑动设计使得要搬运的汽车车轮尺寸较大或较小时均能调整两个相邻托举机构之间的距离,更稳定地托举轮胎。

面向TBO运行下的空中交通管理概念系统模型构建

TBO运行是民航未来发展的重大系统性工程,需统一各项标准和运行规范,目前空管运行体系存在的运行相对分割、信息共享相对分离、系统建设相对独立的问题严重影响了TBO运行概念的建设和发展。针对上述问题,文章通过应用信息资源规划方法和6W模型,提出了一种通用概念模型构建方法,指导TBO运行模式下的统一空中交通管理概念系统建模。通过提高对TBO运行的认识,能够有效地为后续相关业务实现信息化提供技术支撑。

基于客流中心性的出租车综合服务区布局研究

出租车综合服务区是服务巡游和网络预约出租车驾驶员的综合性服务平台,客流中心性反映了区域的客流密度和重要性,是综合服务区选址的重要依据。以黄山市出租车北斗卫星定位数据为基础,分析了出租车载客行车轨迹;通过分层抽样调查,计算了不同时间段的载客系数,分析了不同时空条件下出租车客流规模和分布特征;研究了城市客运网络拓扑结构,结合度中心性、紧密中心性、介数中心性、客流强度4个指标,构建了基于变异系数优劣解距离算法的客流中心性识别模型,提出了出租车综合服务区布局方法,并根据客流最大覆盖原则对布局科学性进行了验证。