Objective: To evaluate the result of diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hematoma and multiple injuries caused by road traffic accidents. Methods: Twenty-eight patients, aged from 1 to 14 years, receiving cranioto...Objective: To evaluate the result of diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hematoma and multiple injuries caused by road traffic accidents. Methods: Twenty-eight patients, aged from 1 to 14 years, receiving craniotomy and other surgical treatments were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Among the 28 cases, 23 cured with the recovery rate of (82.3)%, 2 had a sequel of moderate disability, and 3 died from severe brain injury, hemorrhagic shock, and other visceral complications. The clinical sympotoms and signs were severe and perplexing. The major characters included: severe head injury, usually combined by multiple injuries, and easy of access to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Conclusions: The occurrence of infection is high after traffic accidents as a result of depression of humoral and cellular immunity, long-term bed rest, and fractures of limbs. Hence, on the basis of maintaining vital signs, the management of primary wound is essential to reduce infection and underlying death. In addition to the management of brain injury, concurrent injuries should also be highlighted so as to reach a good result for their patients.展开更多
For the purpose of exploring the factors affecting injury severity of children and adolescents involved in traffic crashes in Greece,disaggregate crash data including 13,431 involving children and adolescents from all...For the purpose of exploring the factors affecting injury severity of children and adolescents involved in traffic crashes in Greece,disaggregate crash data including 13,431 involving children and adolescents from all regions of Greece for the period 2006–2015 were utilized.In order to identify factors affecting injury severity and account for potential unobserved heterogeneity,a series of mixed logit models were utilized.To explore and address potential temporal instability of crash-related risk factors,the likelihood ratio test was applied.Results indicated that night crashes,crashes outside urban areas as well as crashes involving bicycles or powered-two-wheelers are associated with higher injury severity of children and adolescents.Interestingly,crashes involving pedestrians are associated with lower injury severity than head-on collisions and run-off-road collisions with fixed objects.Side and sideswipe crashes also result in lower injury severities.The likelihood ratio test indicated that crash-related factors are instable when comparing the models utilizing data before and after 2010 respectively.This study contributes to the current knowledge in the field,as to the best of our knowledge this is the first study that addresses unobserved heterogeneity when analyzing child and adolescent injury severity.Overall,the findings of this study provide useful insights and could assist in unveiling crash risk factors and prioritize programs and measures to promote road safety of children and adolescents.展开更多
With a view to severely punishing criminals who abduct and traffic in or kidnap women or children so as to protect the personal safety of women and children and maintain the public security order, the relevant provisi...With a view to severely punishing criminals who abduct and traffic in or kidnap women or children so as to protect the personal safety of women and children and maintain the public security order, the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law are supplemented or amended as follows: 1. Whoever abducts and traffics in a woman or a child shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years, and shall concurrently be punished with a展开更多
将时间-活动模式与微环境空气污染物监测相结合估计儿童个体NOx暴露水平.分别在北京和青岛两市各选择3所学校监测校园环境污染物,并在每个学校选择10名儿童监测其家庭居室空气中ρ(NOx)及个体24 h NOx暴露水平,同时收集其时间-活动信息...将时间-活动模式与微环境空气污染物监测相结合估计儿童个体NOx暴露水平.分别在北京和青岛两市各选择3所学校监测校园环境污染物,并在每个学校选择10名儿童监测其家庭居室空气中ρ(NOx)及个体24 h NOx暴露水平,同时收集其时间-活动信息,采用时间-活动模式估计儿童的个体暴露水平.交通工具中的NOx暴露水平可通过校门口空气中ρ(NOx)和交通工具的污染水平系数(λ)估计.结果表明:利用时间-活动模式模拟的儿童个体24 h NOx暴露水平为0.041mg/m3,与调整后的个体暴露实测水平相关性较好(R=0.785,P<0.01),差值为(-0.0026±0.0130)mg/m3,二者的差异无统计学意义(t=0.139,P>0.05).表明采用时间-活动模式与微环境空气质量监测结果相结合方法估计的儿童NOx暴露水平与个体实际暴露水平一致.展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the result of diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hematoma and multiple injuries caused by road traffic accidents. Methods: Twenty-eight patients, aged from 1 to 14 years, receiving craniotomy and other surgical treatments were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Among the 28 cases, 23 cured with the recovery rate of (82.3)%, 2 had a sequel of moderate disability, and 3 died from severe brain injury, hemorrhagic shock, and other visceral complications. The clinical sympotoms and signs were severe and perplexing. The major characters included: severe head injury, usually combined by multiple injuries, and easy of access to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Conclusions: The occurrence of infection is high after traffic accidents as a result of depression of humoral and cellular immunity, long-term bed rest, and fractures of limbs. Hence, on the basis of maintaining vital signs, the management of primary wound is essential to reduce infection and underlying death. In addition to the management of brain injury, concurrent injuries should also be highlighted so as to reach a good result for their patients.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754462
文摘For the purpose of exploring the factors affecting injury severity of children and adolescents involved in traffic crashes in Greece,disaggregate crash data including 13,431 involving children and adolescents from all regions of Greece for the period 2006–2015 were utilized.In order to identify factors affecting injury severity and account for potential unobserved heterogeneity,a series of mixed logit models were utilized.To explore and address potential temporal instability of crash-related risk factors,the likelihood ratio test was applied.Results indicated that night crashes,crashes outside urban areas as well as crashes involving bicycles or powered-two-wheelers are associated with higher injury severity of children and adolescents.Interestingly,crashes involving pedestrians are associated with lower injury severity than head-on collisions and run-off-road collisions with fixed objects.Side and sideswipe crashes also result in lower injury severities.The likelihood ratio test indicated that crash-related factors are instable when comparing the models utilizing data before and after 2010 respectively.This study contributes to the current knowledge in the field,as to the best of our knowledge this is the first study that addresses unobserved heterogeneity when analyzing child and adolescent injury severity.Overall,the findings of this study provide useful insights and could assist in unveiling crash risk factors and prioritize programs and measures to promote road safety of children and adolescents.
文摘With a view to severely punishing criminals who abduct and traffic in or kidnap women or children so as to protect the personal safety of women and children and maintain the public security order, the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law are supplemented or amended as follows: 1. Whoever abducts and traffics in a woman or a child shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years, and shall concurrently be punished with a
文摘将时间-活动模式与微环境空气污染物监测相结合估计儿童个体NOx暴露水平.分别在北京和青岛两市各选择3所学校监测校园环境污染物,并在每个学校选择10名儿童监测其家庭居室空气中ρ(NOx)及个体24 h NOx暴露水平,同时收集其时间-活动信息,采用时间-活动模式估计儿童的个体暴露水平.交通工具中的NOx暴露水平可通过校门口空气中ρ(NOx)和交通工具的污染水平系数(λ)估计.结果表明:利用时间-活动模式模拟的儿童个体24 h NOx暴露水平为0.041mg/m3,与调整后的个体暴露实测水平相关性较好(R=0.785,P<0.01),差值为(-0.0026±0.0130)mg/m3,二者的差异无统计学意义(t=0.139,P>0.05).表明采用时间-活动模式与微环境空气质量监测结果相结合方法估计的儿童NOx暴露水平与个体实际暴露水平一致.
