Weather events put human lives at risk mostly when people might occupy areas susceptible to natural disasters.Deploying Professional Weather Stations(PWS)in vulnerable areas is key for monitoring weather with reliable...Weather events put human lives at risk mostly when people might occupy areas susceptible to natural disasters.Deploying Professional Weather Stations(PWS)in vulnerable areas is key for monitoring weather with reliable measurements.However,such professional instrumentation is notably expensive while remote sensing from a number of stations is paramount.This imposes challenges on the large-scale weather station deployment for broad monitoring from large observation networks such as in Cemaden—The Brazilian National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters.In this context,in this paper,we propose a Low-Cost Automatic Weather Station(LCAWS)system developed from Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)and open-source Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,which provides measurements as reliable as a reference PWS for natural disaster monitoring.When being automatic,LCAWS is a stand-alone photovoltaic system connected wirelessly to the Internet in order to provide real-time reliable end-to-end weather measurements.To achieve data reliability,we propose an intelligent sensor calibration method to correct measures.From a 30-day uninterrupted observation with sampling in minute resolution,we show that the calibrated LCAWS sensors have no statistically significant differences from the PWS measurements.As such,LCAWS has opened opportunities for reducing maintenance costs in Cemaden's observational network.展开更多
In-situ calibrations of weather stations are usually performed by positioning standard instruments close to the station under calibration and comparing the obtained results. This procedure could be useful to evaluate ...In-situ calibrations of weather stations are usually performed by positioning standard instruments close to the station under calibration and comparing the obtained results. This procedure could be useful to evaluate the proper functioning of the monitoring equipments, but do not allowed the determination of a calibration curve that allow the corrections of the acquired parameters. Thus, the development of a dedicated facility for in-situ calibration of weather stations, enabling simultaneous generation of a wide range of temperatures and pressures could offer important improvements in this framework, particularly if this facility is applied to high mountains monitoring stations where the weather stations calibrations could be very difficult. This paper will present the calibration chamber developed in the framework of the EMRP-METEOMET (Metrology for Meteorology) Project, which aims is to bring metrological traceability to high altitude meteorological instruments and through this experience will provide a general overview on the importance of the application of this methodology at different levels.展开更多
This paper mainly studies Weather Stations part of the wind power station. The use of wind energy in practice is carried out using the facilities of the wind in which the kinetic energy of the windscreen flow is conve...This paper mainly studies Weather Stations part of the wind power station. The use of wind energy in practice is carried out using the facilities of the wind in which the kinetic energy of the windscreen flow is converted into mechanical energy wind speed, then electrical energy alternator. The effective operation of the wind turbine is dependent on the direction of the wind. Speed air density, which in turn depends on the temperature and humidity. Thus, the speed of the wind worked effectively in its composition must include the weather. Meteorological station also performs the role of prevention. When the sharp wind speed or increase wind speed above the maximum value, it sends a signal to the lock assembly wind to prevent wind turbine technology from damage. The work of the meteorological stations design as part of the Wind Energy Station is considered. The complex technical devices are used for its implementation. A set of technical means used to its implementation and designed system consists of a temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and rain gauge sensors that are connected to PIC16f876A microcontroller.展开更多
The present paper aims to describe the conceptual idea to use cars as sensors to measure and acquire data related road environment. The parameters are collected using only standard equipment commonly installed and ope...The present paper aims to describe the conceptual idea to use cars as sensors to measure and acquire data related road environment. The parameters are collected using only standard equipment commonly installed and operative on commercial cars. Real sensors and car sub-systems (e.g. thermometers, accelerometers, ABS, ESP, and GPS) together with other “implicit” sensors (e.g. fog lights, windscreen wipers) acquire and contain information. They are shared inside an in-vehicle communication network using mainly the standard CAN bus and can be collected by a simple central node. This node can also be available on the market without too expensive costs thanks to some companies which business is devoted to car fleet monitoring. All the collected data are then geolocalized using a standard GPS receiver and sent to a remote elaboration unit, exploiting mobile network technologies such as GPRS or UMTS. A large number of cars, connected together in a diffuse Wireless Sensor Network, allow the elaboration unit to realize some info-layers put at the disposal of a car driver. Traffic, state of the road and other information about the weather can be received by car drivers using an ad hoc developed mobile application for smartphone which can give punctual information related to a specific route, previously set on the mobile phone navigator. The description of some experimental activities is presented, some technical points will be addressed and some examples of applications of the network of cars “as sensors” will be given.展开更多
In order to assess the flood damage rapidly and accurately,this paper proposed a practical method of flood disaster monitoring based on meso-scale automatic weather stations rainfall data and 1:5 million high-precisio...In order to assess the flood damage rapidly and accurately,this paper proposed a practical method of flood disaster monitoring based on meso-scale automatic weather stations rainfall data and 1:5 million high-precision DEM (digital elevation model) data.It can predict roughly areas by the automatic weather station rainfall analysis and processing when the floods happen.Using partitions 'horizontal' approximation methods,the model of DEM flooding disaster's monitoring has been constructed based on 1:5 million high-precision DEM.And the technical methods applied to the analysis of experimental area.The result of flood disaster's monitoring is carried on comparison and the analysis through the verification by CBERS-02B.It finds that the area of floods is very consistent by the model of DEM and CBERS-02B flooding disaster's monitoring.So the method of flood disaster's motoring based on DEM can be real-time,dynamic,and can monitor the flood zone accurately and effectively.It also can provide the decision making department with present and assisting scheme of policy making.展开更多
基金partially funded by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP),Brazil,grant numbers#2015/18808-0,#2018/23064-8,#2019/23382-2.
文摘Weather events put human lives at risk mostly when people might occupy areas susceptible to natural disasters.Deploying Professional Weather Stations(PWS)in vulnerable areas is key for monitoring weather with reliable measurements.However,such professional instrumentation is notably expensive while remote sensing from a number of stations is paramount.This imposes challenges on the large-scale weather station deployment for broad monitoring from large observation networks such as in Cemaden—The Brazilian National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters.In this context,in this paper,we propose a Low-Cost Automatic Weather Station(LCAWS)system developed from Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)and open-source Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,which provides measurements as reliable as a reference PWS for natural disaster monitoring.When being automatic,LCAWS is a stand-alone photovoltaic system connected wirelessly to the Internet in order to provide real-time reliable end-to-end weather measurements.To achieve data reliability,we propose an intelligent sensor calibration method to correct measures.From a 30-day uninterrupted observation with sampling in minute resolution,we show that the calibrated LCAWS sensors have no statistically significant differences from the PWS measurements.As such,LCAWS has opened opportunities for reducing maintenance costs in Cemaden's observational network.
文摘In-situ calibrations of weather stations are usually performed by positioning standard instruments close to the station under calibration and comparing the obtained results. This procedure could be useful to evaluate the proper functioning of the monitoring equipments, but do not allowed the determination of a calibration curve that allow the corrections of the acquired parameters. Thus, the development of a dedicated facility for in-situ calibration of weather stations, enabling simultaneous generation of a wide range of temperatures and pressures could offer important improvements in this framework, particularly if this facility is applied to high mountains monitoring stations where the weather stations calibrations could be very difficult. This paper will present the calibration chamber developed in the framework of the EMRP-METEOMET (Metrology for Meteorology) Project, which aims is to bring metrological traceability to high altitude meteorological instruments and through this experience will provide a general overview on the importance of the application of this methodology at different levels.
文摘This paper mainly studies Weather Stations part of the wind power station. The use of wind energy in practice is carried out using the facilities of the wind in which the kinetic energy of the windscreen flow is converted into mechanical energy wind speed, then electrical energy alternator. The effective operation of the wind turbine is dependent on the direction of the wind. Speed air density, which in turn depends on the temperature and humidity. Thus, the speed of the wind worked effectively in its composition must include the weather. Meteorological station also performs the role of prevention. When the sharp wind speed or increase wind speed above the maximum value, it sends a signal to the lock assembly wind to prevent wind turbine technology from damage. The work of the meteorological stations design as part of the Wind Energy Station is considered. The complex technical devices are used for its implementation. A set of technical means used to its implementation and designed system consists of a temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and rain gauge sensors that are connected to PIC16f876A microcontroller.
文摘The present paper aims to describe the conceptual idea to use cars as sensors to measure and acquire data related road environment. The parameters are collected using only standard equipment commonly installed and operative on commercial cars. Real sensors and car sub-systems (e.g. thermometers, accelerometers, ABS, ESP, and GPS) together with other “implicit” sensors (e.g. fog lights, windscreen wipers) acquire and contain information. They are shared inside an in-vehicle communication network using mainly the standard CAN bus and can be collected by a simple central node. This node can also be available on the market without too expensive costs thanks to some companies which business is devoted to car fleet monitoring. All the collected data are then geolocalized using a standard GPS receiver and sent to a remote elaboration unit, exploiting mobile network technologies such as GPRS or UMTS. A large number of cars, connected together in a diffuse Wireless Sensor Network, allow the elaboration unit to realize some info-layers put at the disposal of a car driver. Traffic, state of the road and other information about the weather can be received by car drivers using an ad hoc developed mobile application for smartphone which can give punctual information related to a specific route, previously set on the mobile phone navigator. The description of some experimental activities is presented, some technical points will be addressed and some examples of applications of the network of cars “as sensors” will be given.
基金Supported by the Grant of Guangxi Academy of Technique Development and Research Program (GUIKEGONG0719005-3GUIKEGONG0816006-8)
文摘In order to assess the flood damage rapidly and accurately,this paper proposed a practical method of flood disaster monitoring based on meso-scale automatic weather stations rainfall data and 1:5 million high-precision DEM (digital elevation model) data.It can predict roughly areas by the automatic weather station rainfall analysis and processing when the floods happen.Using partitions 'horizontal' approximation methods,the model of DEM flooding disaster's monitoring has been constructed based on 1:5 million high-precision DEM.And the technical methods applied to the analysis of experimental area.The result of flood disaster's monitoring is carried on comparison and the analysis through the verification by CBERS-02B.It finds that the area of floods is very consistent by the model of DEM and CBERS-02B flooding disaster's monitoring.So the method of flood disaster's motoring based on DEM can be real-time,dynamic,and can monitor the flood zone accurately and effectively.It also can provide the decision making department with present and assisting scheme of policy making.
