This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a sys...This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a systematic manner, beginning with a detailed data collection phase, where ethical and legal standards for data usage and privacy are strictly observed. Following collection, the data undergoes a rigorous preprocessing stage, involving cleaning, integration, transformation, and normalization to ensure accuracy and consistency for analysis. The analytical phase employs time-series analysis to delineate historical trends and utilizes predictive modeling to forecast future trajectories of human trafficking using the advanced analytical capabilities of Power BI. A comparative analysis across regions—Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe—is conducted to identify and visualize the distribution of human trafficking, dissecting the data by victim demographics, types of exploitation, and duration of victimization. The findings of this study not only offer a descriptive and predictive outlook on trafficking patterns but also provide insights into the regional nuances that influence these trends. The article underscores the prevalence and persistence of human trafficking, identifies factors contributing to its evolution, and discusses the implications for policy and law enforcement. By integrating a methodological approach with quantitative analysis, this research contributes to the strategic planning and resource allocation for combating human trafficking. It highlights the necessity for continued research and international cooperation to effectively address and mitigate this global issue. The implications of this research are significant, offering actionable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and advocates in the ongoing battle against human trafficking.展开更多
The endosomal trafficking of signaling membrane proteins, such as receptors, transporters and channels, is mediated by the retromer-mediated sorting machinery, composed of a cargo-selective vacuolar protein sorting tr...The endosomal trafficking of signaling membrane proteins, such as receptors, transporters and channels, is mediated by the retromer-mediated sorting machinery, composed of a cargo-selective vacuolar protein sorting trimer and a membrane-deforming subunit of sorting nexin proteins. Recent studies have shown that the isoforms, sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) and SNX6, have played distinctive regulatory roles in retrograde membrane trafficking. However, the molecular insight determined functional differences within the proteins remains unclear. We reported that SNX5 and SNX6 had distinct binding affinity to the cargo protein vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). SNX5, but not SNX6, specifically interacted with VMAT2 through the Phox domain, which contains an alpha-helix binding motif. Using chimeric mutagenesis, we identified that several key residues within this domain were unique in SNX5, but not SNX6, and played an auxiliary role in its binding to VMAT2. Importantly, we generated a set of mutant SNX6, in which the corresponding key residues were mutated to those in SNX5. In addition to the gain in binding affinity to VMAT2, their overexpression functionally rescued the altered retrograde trafficking of VMAT2 induced by siRNA-mediated depletion of SNX5. These data strongly suggest that SNX5 and SNX6 have different functions in retrograde membrane trafficking, which is determined by the different structural elements within the Phox domain of two proteins. Our work provides a new information on the role of SNX5 and SNX6 in the molecular regulation of retrograde membrane trafficking and vesicular membrane targeting in monoamine neurotransmission and neurological diseases.展开更多
Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri)is the major vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),which is a bacterial pathogen causing the devastating citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)disease.Diaphorina citri is known...Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri)is the major vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),which is a bacterial pathogen causing the devastating citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)disease.Diaphorina citri is known to carry CLas in a persistent and propagative manner.Some studies have suggested that CLas may use the vesicular structures of D.citri cells as its propagation organelles.However,the mechanisms by which CLas enters the D.citri cells and how vesicle-mediated trafficking is involved remain unclear.In this study,we monitored the titer change of CLas in D.citri nymphs during the process of CLas acquisition from feeding on infected citrus plants.We found that the titer of CLas increased with the acquisition access period.After infection,there was a significant upregulation in the expression of several vesicular transport-related genes in D.citri.The titer of CLas was significantly reduced in the midgut and whole insect body when endocytosis and the endosome network in D.citri were inhibited.Furthermore,silencing the D.citri clathrin-heavy chain gene also led to a reduction in the CLas titer in D.citri.These results suggest that CLas infection upregulates the genes related to vesicular transport in D.citri,which facilitates the invasion of endocytosis-dependent pathogens.展开更多
In 2006,a large quantity of clandestine sensitive radioactive materials surfaced at an abandoned scrap metal and lead recovery facility in the city Gaziemir,Izmir,Türkiye.In April,2007 the TAEK(Turkish Atomic Ene...In 2006,a large quantity of clandestine sensitive radioactive materials surfaced at an abandoned scrap metal and lead recovery facility in the city Gaziemir,Izmir,Türkiye.In April,2007 the TAEK(Turkish Atomic Energy Agency)official experts surveyed the 70,000 m^(2)site including the storage buildings.They reported that 20-300 microRad/h of radiation was detected throughout the site,especially high readings of more than 300 micRad/h were recorded inside the storage building containing about 1,100 tons of commercially valuable waste.About 15 tons of waste were taken from the storage building and sent to TAEK’s lab in Ankara to be analyzed.In April,2008 TAEK issued a press release(No:04/2012)on its official website confirming that their analysis of samples taken from the Aslan facility showed that,there is a scattered radioactive contamination in the Aslan lead-recovering factory.The radioactive isotopes of Europium-152 and Europium-154 were found in the landfilled area,additionally,these isotopes were more concentrated(higher readings)in the commercially valuable waste(approx.1,100 tons)which was kept in the storage building,a clear indication of the fact that at the Aslan facility,sensitive nuclear reactor parts,including but not limited to nuclear reactors control rods were being melted.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a systematic manner, beginning with a detailed data collection phase, where ethical and legal standards for data usage and privacy are strictly observed. Following collection, the data undergoes a rigorous preprocessing stage, involving cleaning, integration, transformation, and normalization to ensure accuracy and consistency for analysis. The analytical phase employs time-series analysis to delineate historical trends and utilizes predictive modeling to forecast future trajectories of human trafficking using the advanced analytical capabilities of Power BI. A comparative analysis across regions—Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe—is conducted to identify and visualize the distribution of human trafficking, dissecting the data by victim demographics, types of exploitation, and duration of victimization. The findings of this study not only offer a descriptive and predictive outlook on trafficking patterns but also provide insights into the regional nuances that influence these trends. The article underscores the prevalence and persistence of human trafficking, identifies factors contributing to its evolution, and discusses the implications for policy and law enforcement. By integrating a methodological approach with quantitative analysis, this research contributes to the strategic planning and resource allocation for combating human trafficking. It highlights the necessity for continued research and international cooperation to effectively address and mitigate this global issue. The implications of this research are significant, offering actionable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and advocates in the ongoing battle against human trafficking.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31371436 and 8157051134 to Y.L.)by the laboratory start-up grant from Nanjing Medical University(to Y.L.).
文摘The endosomal trafficking of signaling membrane proteins, such as receptors, transporters and channels, is mediated by the retromer-mediated sorting machinery, composed of a cargo-selective vacuolar protein sorting trimer and a membrane-deforming subunit of sorting nexin proteins. Recent studies have shown that the isoforms, sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) and SNX6, have played distinctive regulatory roles in retrograde membrane trafficking. However, the molecular insight determined functional differences within the proteins remains unclear. We reported that SNX5 and SNX6 had distinct binding affinity to the cargo protein vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). SNX5, but not SNX6, specifically interacted with VMAT2 through the Phox domain, which contains an alpha-helix binding motif. Using chimeric mutagenesis, we identified that several key residues within this domain were unique in SNX5, but not SNX6, and played an auxiliary role in its binding to VMAT2. Importantly, we generated a set of mutant SNX6, in which the corresponding key residues were mutated to those in SNX5. In addition to the gain in binding affinity to VMAT2, their overexpression functionally rescued the altered retrograde trafficking of VMAT2 induced by siRNA-mediated depletion of SNX5. These data strongly suggest that SNX5 and SNX6 have different functions in retrograde membrane trafficking, which is determined by the different structural elements within the Phox domain of two proteins. Our work provides a new information on the role of SNX5 and SNX6 in the molecular regulation of retrograde membrane trafficking and vesicular membrane targeting in monoamine neurotransmission and neurological diseases.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A0196 and 32160625)+2 种基金the Innovation Research 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University,China(SWU-5331000008)the Special Fund for Youth Team of Southwest University,China(SWUXJLJ202310)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province,China(20225BCJ22005)。
文摘Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri)is the major vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),which is a bacterial pathogen causing the devastating citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)disease.Diaphorina citri is known to carry CLas in a persistent and propagative manner.Some studies have suggested that CLas may use the vesicular structures of D.citri cells as its propagation organelles.However,the mechanisms by which CLas enters the D.citri cells and how vesicle-mediated trafficking is involved remain unclear.In this study,we monitored the titer change of CLas in D.citri nymphs during the process of CLas acquisition from feeding on infected citrus plants.We found that the titer of CLas increased with the acquisition access period.After infection,there was a significant upregulation in the expression of several vesicular transport-related genes in D.citri.The titer of CLas was significantly reduced in the midgut and whole insect body when endocytosis and the endosome network in D.citri were inhibited.Furthermore,silencing the D.citri clathrin-heavy chain gene also led to a reduction in the CLas titer in D.citri.These results suggest that CLas infection upregulates the genes related to vesicular transport in D.citri,which facilitates the invasion of endocytosis-dependent pathogens.
文摘In 2006,a large quantity of clandestine sensitive radioactive materials surfaced at an abandoned scrap metal and lead recovery facility in the city Gaziemir,Izmir,Türkiye.In April,2007 the TAEK(Turkish Atomic Energy Agency)official experts surveyed the 70,000 m^(2)site including the storage buildings.They reported that 20-300 microRad/h of radiation was detected throughout the site,especially high readings of more than 300 micRad/h were recorded inside the storage building containing about 1,100 tons of commercially valuable waste.About 15 tons of waste were taken from the storage building and sent to TAEK’s lab in Ankara to be analyzed.In April,2008 TAEK issued a press release(No:04/2012)on its official website confirming that their analysis of samples taken from the Aslan facility showed that,there is a scattered radioactive contamination in the Aslan lead-recovering factory.The radioactive isotopes of Europium-152 and Europium-154 were found in the landfilled area,additionally,these isotopes were more concentrated(higher readings)in the commercially valuable waste(approx.1,100 tons)which was kept in the storage building,a clear indication of the fact that at the Aslan facility,sensitive nuclear reactor parts,including but not limited to nuclear reactors control rods were being melted.
