Simulation of spatially coupling dynamic response of train-track time-variant system

There exist three problems in the calculation of lateral vibration of the train-track time-variant system athome and abroad and the method to solve them is presented. Spatially coupling vibration analysis model of train-track time-variant system is put forward. Each vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system with 26 degrees of freedomand the action of coupler is also considered. The track structure is modeled as an assembly of track elements with 30degrees of freedom, then the spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the train-track time-variant system is es-tablished on the basis of the principle of total potential energy with stationary value and the "set-in-right-position"rule. The track vertical geometric irregularity is considered as the excitation source of the vertical vibration of thesystem, and the hunting wave of car bogie frame is taken as the excitation source of lateral vibration of the system.The spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the system is solved by Wilson-θ direct integration method. Theapproximation of the calculated results to the spot test results demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of thepresented analysis method. Finally, some other vibration responses of the system are also obtained.

Optimal control strategy for energy saving in trains under the four-aspect fixed autoblock system

This paper deals with both the leading train and the following train in a train tracking under a four-aspect fixed autoblock system in order to study the optimum operating strategy for energy saving. After analyzing the working principle of the four-aspect fixed autoblock system, an energy-saving control model is created based on the dynamics equation of the Wains. In addition to safety, energy consumption and time error are the main concerns of the model. Based on this model, dynamic speed constraints of the following train are proposed, defined by the leading gain dynamically. At the same time, the static speed constraints defined by the line conditions are also taken into account. The parallel genetic algorithm is used to search the optimum operating strategy. In order to simplify the solving process, the external punishment function is adopted to transform this problem with constraints to the one without constraints. By using the real number coding and the strategy of dividing ramps into three parts, the convergence of GA is accelerated and the length of chromosomes is shortened. The simulation result from a four-aspect fixed autoblock system simulation platform shows that the method can reduce the energy consumption effectively in the premise of ensuring safety and punctuality.

Mechanical characteristic variation of ballastless track in highspeed railway:effect of train–track interaction and environment loads

Due to the fact that ballastless tracks in highspeed railways are not only subjected to repeated train–track dynamic interaction loads,but also suffer from complex environmental loads,the fundamental understanding of mechanical performance of ballastless tracks under sophisticated service conditions is an increasingly demanding and challenging issue in high-speed railway networks.This work aims to reveal the effect of train–track interaction and environment loads on the mechanical characteristic variation of ballastless tracks in high-speed railways,particularly focusing on the typical interface damage evolution between track layers.To this end,a finite element model of a double-block ballastless track involving the cohesive zone model for the track interface is first established to analyze the mechanical properties of the track interface under the loading–unloading processes of the negative temperature gradient load(TGL)followed by the same cycle of the positive TGL.Subsequently,the effect of wheel–rail longitudinal interactions on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the track interface is investigated by using a vehicle-slab track vertical-longitudinal coupled dynamics model.Finally,the influence of dynamic water pressure induced by vehicle dynamic load on the mechanical characteristics and damage evolution of the track interface is elucidated using a fluid–solid coupling method.Results show that the loading history of the positive and negative TGLs has a great impact on the nonlinear development and distribution of the track interface stress and damage;the interface damage could be induced by the wheel–rail longitudinal vibrations at a high vehicle running speed owing to the dynamic amplification effect caused by short wave irregularities;the vehicle dynamic load could produce considerable water pressure that presents nonlinear spatial–temporal characteristics at the track interface,which would lead to the interface failure under a certain condition due to the coupled dynamic effect of vehicle load and water pressure.

Dynamic Characteristics of Tracked Vehicle Power Train Considering Road Random Torsional Excitation

The road random torsional excitation is one type of torque rooted from the road roughness and vehicle drive system. This paper aims to study how the road random torsional excitation affects the dynamic characteristics of vehicle power train. The method of simulating the random torsional excitation of tracked vehicle is explored at first. Secondly,the road random torsional excitations under different road roughness,vehicle speeds and pre-tensions are obtained. Thirdly,the dynamic analysis model of tracked vehicle power train is constructed with the consideration of the road random torsional excitation. Eventually,the influences of this excitation on output torque,bearing support force,vibration acceleration and dynamic shear stress of transmission shafts are intensively studied.The research conclusions are helpful to correct and refine the present virtual prototype of tracked vehicle power train.

基于移动闭塞的重载列车追踪间隔模型研究

目前我国重载铁路普遍采用固定闭塞,列车追踪间隔较长且基本达到当前闭塞制式下的极限,而移动闭塞可以大幅度缩短列车追踪间隔,提高线路运输能力。因此根据我国重载列车运行特点,结合道路车辆跟驰理论,从工况选择的角度,分析建立基于移动闭塞的重载列车追踪间隔模型,并借助AnyLogic软件进行仿真研究。结果表明模型合理可行;出站和到站的列车运行最小追踪间隔时间大于区间内的列车运行最小追踪间隔时间;在考虑列车工况选择时,若前后列车均采取常用制动则最小追踪间隔时间更短。本次研究为缩短列车追踪间隔时间,提高重载铁路运输能力提供理论思考,也可为基于移动闭塞系统的重载列车自动驾驶做出理论探索。

基于改进模糊滑模控制的列车速度跟踪研究

列车运行过程具有强耦合、非线性等特征,且往往存在较大且不可观测的外界干扰,这些特性加大了列车运行控制的难度,针对列车运行速度跟踪控制问题,提出一种新的模糊滑模控制器设计方法。首先基于模糊滑模控制,引入全局快速终端滑模控制,使系统在有限时间内达到稳态;然后构造以李亚普洛夫函数导数的绝对值为补偿的自适应干扰估计项,对外界干扰进行准确估计,进而提出一种双层递阶指数趋近全局快速终端模糊滑模控制器,并且引入指数趋近率来调节滑模面的动态品质,该控制器能快速收敛到稳定状态,且有效地消除了控制器的抖振情况;最后通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性,且提高了列车运行控制系统性能。

考虑不同制动工况的制动盘力承载边界研究

随着列车速度的进一步提高,轨道激扰对车体振动的影响也更为明显。因此,在高速运行时,列车更容易受到制动系统动态特性的影响,对车辆运行的安全性构成威胁。为了研究车辆振动对高速列车制动系统力承载边界的影响,首先建立了具备制动系统的高速列车整车动力学模型,并进行了仿真计算。其次,研究了制动初速度、减速度、轴重以及线路不平顺幅值对制动盘压力波动的影响。研究结果表明,受到线路激扰的影响,位于轮对上的制动盘与位于转向架构架上的制动夹钳之间产生相对振动,导致制动压力在额定压力附近波动(约为±5%)。此外,制动初速度和线路不平顺的增大、减速度的降低均会加大制动压力的波动。因此,在分析评估高速列车制动系统温度和振动特性时,特别是在高干扰线路条件下,需要考虑车辆振动环境的影响。

高校田径专修学生专项能力培养体系研究

构建高校田径专修学生专项能力培养体系,对于提高学生专项能力、培养高素质田径人才、推动高校田径教育的改革和发展,以及促进体育事业的可持续发展具有重要意义。为此,该文采用文献资料法等研究方法,对高校田径专业中人才培养问题以及高校田径专修学生专项能力培养体系构建的意义进行了分析,并提出了高校田径专修学生专项能力培养体系构建对策,旨在有效促进高校田径专修学生专项能力的提升,为国家培养出更多优秀的田径运动人才。

真空管道磁悬浮系统构想

真空管道磁悬浮的悬浮和低空气阻力以最大化减少了列车前进的阻力,使得它具有平稳、舒适、超高效、超高速、超快捷的特点,从而决定了它必然是载人公共交通的发展方向之一。通过对真空管道磁悬浮系统和子系统磁浮列车、真空管道、真空设备系统(含密闭门、密闭窗、真空设备)、磁浮轨道系统、供电系统、自动控制系统、通信系统、售检票系统、综合维护系统的构想,及其相关子系统关键技术和运营场景的描述,提出了各子系统的主要构成和关键技术的解决思路,以及部分利用既有技术的思路。其运营场景的详细描述,对于相关子系统的研发提供了功能需求的支撑。

基于轨道不平顺匹配的多源融合列车定位方法

列车定位是保障铁路安全高效运营的基础,面向先进列车运行控制系统高精度、连续、可靠的位置服务需求,研究高精度、高可靠、低成本的匹配定位源提升列车定位系统的稳健性和准确度具有重要的现实意义。本文提出一种无布设轨道特征信号-轨道不平顺,利用惯性导航系统感知和测量轨道不平顺信号实现匹配定位,结合列车运动约束,实现了无布设情况下的全自主、全天候、全地域的连续可靠的组合定位。为了验证该方案的可行性,本文在真实铁路线路上进行了列车车载试验。试验结果表明:一个典型的战术级IMU可以实现0.6 m(98.46%置信度)的列车定位精度。该方法为多传感器融合的列车定位系统提供了一种新的定位信号源,可以用于提高车载列车定位系统的准确性和稳健性。

Development of a simulation model for dynamic derailment analysis of high-speed trains

The running safety of high-speed trains has become a major concern of the current railway research with the rapid development of high-speed railways around the world.The basic safety requirement is to prevent the derailment.The root causes of the dynamic derailment of highspeed trains operating in severe environments are not easy to identify using the field tests or laboratory experiments.Numerical simulation using an advanced train–track interaction model is a highly efficient and low-cost approach to investigate the dynamic derailment behavior and mechanism of high-speed trains.This paper presents a three-dimensional dynamic model of a high-speed train coupled with a ballast track for dynamic derailment analysis.The model considers a train composed of multiple vehicles and the nonlinear inter-vehicle connections.The ballast track model consists of rails,fastenings,sleepers,ballasts,and roadbed,which are modeled by Euler beams,nonlinear spring-damper elements,equivalent ballast bodies,and continuous viscoelastic elements,in which the modal superposition method was used to reduce the order of the partial differential equations of Euler beams.The commonly used derailment safety assessment criteria around the world are embedded in the simulation model.The train–track model was then used to investigate the dynamic derailment responses of a high-speed train passing over a buckled track,in which the derailmentmechanism and train running posture during the dynamic derailment process were analyzed in detail.The effects of train and track modelling on dynamic derailment analysis were also discussed.The numerical results indicate that the train and track modelling options have a significant effect on the dynamic derailment analysis.The inter-vehicle impacts and the track flexibility and nonlinearity should be considered in the dynamic derailment simulations.

关于一线二列位动车段(所)特殊联锁设计探讨

为应对一线二列位动车段(所)的特殊运营场景及运输需求,从联锁图表编制、分割信号机的联锁关系以及进路解锁3个方面,分析计算机联锁系统的特殊设计。通过对比各类应用方案及适用场景,给出建议方案;提出需结合站场布局及设备间接口内容,确定是否采用小进路方案编制联锁图表;在建立长接车进路时,应检查分割信号机的开放状态,建议按列车信号机标准,为分割信号机设置主副灯丝转换,并将主灯丝断丝纳入灯丝报警,同时为分割信号机增设引导功能;长进路正常解锁时应增加停稳逻辑判断并延时解锁,增加人工解锁分割信号机防护进路的功能,合理设置延时解锁时间。可为后续动车段(所)相关工程设计及产品制造提供思路及借鉴。

国产化ITCS车载Y型股道列车定位功能回归测试策略探讨

青藏铁路格尔木南站改造,其列控车载系统需实现Y型股道列车精确定位功能。阐述基于国产化增强型列车控制系统(ITCS)车载系统的仿真测试平台,针对车载定位功能的升级变更,结合车载系统/软件架构实现的关联性,提出完整、有效的影响分析和回归测试方案,对产品质量的提高起到积极推动作用。

极端温度下高速铁路钢管混凝土拱桥行车安全

研究目的:为研究温度荷载作用下桥梁结构产生的变形对桥上行车安全性的影响,以成贵高铁某钢管混凝土拱桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS建立大跨桥梁-轨道精细化有限元模型,分析不同温度荷载作用下结构变形规律。在此基础上,将桥梁-轨道结构有限元模型导入SIMPACK中进行联合仿真,构建列车-轨道-桥梁耦合振动分析模型,最后从列车运营安全性与舒适性方面讨论不同温度荷载作用和不同车速下列车动力响应指标的变化规律。研究结论:(1)桥梁上挠温致变形引起的轨道附加不平顺比下挠更不利;(2)组合温度作用下,行车安全性指标仅轮重减载率出现超限,建议将其作为高速铁路桥上行车安全的主要评价指标;(3)温度梯度是导致轮重减载率出现超限的重要原因,实际工程中分析温度作用对列车行车安全的影响时,应考虑温度梯度的作用;(4)垂向Sperling指标对温度作用十分敏感,为保障行车舒适性,列车在极端温度条件下行驶时应控制车速;(5)本研究成果可为钢管混凝土拱桥的行车安全性评价提供参考。

Trainguard MT系统混合运营时的列车追踪

以重庆轨道交通6号线为例,应用主动列车追踪和被动列车追踪原理,对Trainguard MT系统中同一条线路下不同装备的列车混合运营时,列车位置信息确定和后续列车运营安排进行了详细论述,并对其在运营中的作用进行了描述。

面向新型列控系统的电子轨道地图数据约简方法研究

电子轨道地图是新型列控系统基于卫星导航的列车定位的重要参考源。为满足地图精度高、存储量低的要求,针对轨道线路数据约简方法开展研究。在面向直线表达的线路数据方面,对道格拉斯普克算法和基于线路数据航向角特征约束的约简2种算法的差异性进行比较;在此基础上面向线路数据的直线和曲线混合表达,提出一种基于Clothoid曲线的约简算法。利用曲线DP算法和垂直投影误差要求,得到Clothoid曲线片段,实现轨道圆曲线和直线的分段,提高线路数据的约简率,保障生成地图的精度。为验证提出方法的有效性,选取京沈高铁北票东—阜新北的线路数据进行分析,实验结果表明,基于Clothoid曲线拟合生成的轨道段满足0.5 m垂距精度和0.2 m测量精度,约简率达99.5%,证明提出的方法能够满足新型列控系统电子轨道地图数据约简的要求。

基于深度知识追踪的个性化推荐编程实训系统建设与教学实践

在软件设计类实验课程中,过高的生师比使学生缺乏充分的教师个别指导。针对此问题,文章研究了基于深度知识追踪的个性化推荐学习方法,并应用于上机编程实训环节教学。该方法采用融合注意力机制的动态键-值记忆网络,对学生的历史编程实训答题记录进行建模;然后通过双向门控循环单元神经网络追踪学生编程能力水平随时间的变化;最后根据由多种学习属性构成的推荐度来生成个性化推荐方案。运用该方法建设的个性化推荐编程实训系统,能够为学生个体生成个性化的编程实训指导方案,支持学生独立自主地进行编程实训,尤其适用于大规模在线编程教育场景。

骨科“双轨合一”培养模式实践中的问题及思考

研究生教育与住院医师规范化培训是本科毕业后教育的两个重要组成部分。当前的培养模式中,存在将其二者同时开展、合并培养的“双轨合一”培养模式。在实践中发现此模式在骨科学习、实践培养与考核、科研思维能力培养及人文关怀、医患关系培养等方面存在的问题,并尝试对其进行分析思考并提出解决办法和建议,为骨科“双轨合一”培养模式改革提供思路。

基于车轨桥耦合模型的重载铁路预应力混凝土T梁剩余疲劳寿命分析

多跨预应力混凝土简支T梁桥在重载铁路线路中应用广泛,随着线路年运量的增长及大轴重长编组货物列车的运行,车桥动力响应加剧,桥梁发生疲劳破坏风险增大。为了解决这些问题,本文建立重载列车-钢轨-预应力混凝土简支T梁桥精细化分析模型,精确求解重载列车过桥时的车桥动力响应;采用雨流计数法统计分析桥梁普通受拉钢筋应力时程,获得疲劳应力谱;基于Miner准则和Corten-Dolan准则,计算典型疲劳列车单次过桥时的桥梁疲劳损伤;利用灰色GM(1,1)模型来预测线路未来年运量,并对预应力混凝土T梁疲劳损伤进行分析,对剩余寿命进行评估。研究结果表明:随着货车编组数量增加,列车过桥引起的桥梁动力响应峰值趋于稳定,仅应力时程中间周期性波动部分相应延长;由于考虑了结构非线性累积损伤的影响,在相同疲劳列车作用时,按照Corten-Dolan准则计算的桥梁疲劳损伤比按Miner准则计算的桥梁疲劳损伤大7.2%左右;4种典型疲劳列车(C_(64)-N-66、C_(70)-1-116、C_(80)-1-108、C_(80)-2-216)独立运送相同运量货物时引起的桥梁损伤之比为1?0.768?0.543?0.457;在线路容许条件下,宜优先开行大轴重且更长联编组的货物列车,在运量相同时可有效降低对桥梁的疲劳损伤;基于车-轨-桥精细化模型和Corten-Dolan准则,采用等效列车历史运营谱和未来运营谱来考虑年运量和疲劳列车大轴重长编组的发展趋势,可更精确评估重载铁路预应力混凝土简支T梁桥的剩余疲劳寿命。

轨道交通环境振动半解析预测方法

准确预测列车引起的环境振动对轨道交通减振降噪具有重要作用。建立点源冲击荷载作用下的轨道-半无限区域大地模型,推导预测列车在轨道上运行时引起大地振动加速度的解析公式。根据该公式,提出基于模型计算列车荷载密度和现场实测大地线源振动传递导纳的轨道交通环境振动半解析预测方法。为验证预测方法的正确性,选择昌九城际铁路某轨道区域实测大地线源振动传递导纳和地面测点振动加速度响应。根据试验区域的轨道结构类型和开行的列车类型,建立列车-轨道非线性耦合系统动力学模型,运用交叉迭代算法求解列车-轨道耦合系统动力学方程和计算列车荷载密度。运用预测公式得到地面各测点振动加速度级。预测结果与实测数据吻合良好,地面各测点加速度幅值及在频域中的分布规律具有很好的一致性,说明了预测方法的正确性。该方法具有预测精度高,容易实施的特点。